CH 25 Anatomy by Trying2GetFitOH

47. Impaired fat absorption in the intestine would interfere with the absorption of a. vitamin A. b. vitamin B12. c. vitamin C. d. niacin. e. riboflavin.

?

20. The vitamin whose deficiency causes beriberi is a. thiamine. b. riboflavin. c. niacin. d. folic acid (folate). e. cobalamin.

A

22. A vitamin obtained from meat that is a coenzyme in amino acid and lipid metabolism is a. pyridoxine (B6). b. pantothenic acid. c. riboflavin. d. folic acid (folate). e. niacin.

A

24. Factors that influence an individual's BMR (basal metabolic rate) include all of the following, except a. physical exertion. b. age. c. body weight. d. genetics. e. gender.

A

27. All of the following occur when the temperature of the preoptic area of the hypothalamus drops below its thermostat setting, except that a. blood flow to the skin increases. b. shivering thermogenesis occurs. c. nonshivering thermogenesis occurs. d. epinephrine levels rise. e. blood returning from limbs is shunted to deep veins.

A

28. More than half the heat is lost from the body indoors through the process of a. radiation. b. conduction. c. convection. d. evaporation. e. concentration.

A

35. A high uric acid level (above 7.4 mg/dl) can lead to the painful condition known as a. gout. b. rheumatoid arthritis. c. anorexia nervosa. d. lupus. e. none of the above

A

43. The essential fatty acids are a. linoleic acid and linolenic acid. b. leucine and lysine. c. cholesterol and glycerol. d. HDLs and LDLs. e. both A and D

A

44. When the body is relying on internal energy reserves to continue meeting its energy demands, it is in the a. postabsorptive state. b. absorptive state. c. starvation state. d. deprivation state. e. preabsorptive state.

A

48. Which of the following individuals would have the greater BMR? a. a nursing mother 34 years old b. a non-nursing woman 34 years old c. On average, they will be equal.

A

49. Two individuals are the same age, sex, and ethnic background. While being tested for their BMR, Bill consumes 20 liters of oxygen/hour and Randy consumes 16 liters of oxygen/hour. Which of the two needs to consume more calories in order to maintain proper health and constant weight? a. Bill b. Randy c. neither Bill nor Randy

A

16. Nitrogen compounds of the body include all of the following, except a. amino acids. b. oxaloacetic acid. c. creatine. d. porphyrin. e. purines.

B

21. The vitamin that is part of the coenzymes FAD and FMN is a. thiamine. b. riboflavin. c. niacin. d. folic acid (folate). e. cobalamin.

B

23. The vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A is a. folic acid (folate). b. pantothenic acid. c. pyridoxine (B6). d. riboflavin. e. niacin.

B

34. A malfunction of the thermoregulatory mechanisms caused by fluid loss in sweat is known as a. thermoneogenesis. b. heat exhaustion. c. hydrosis. d. afebrile reaction. e. dehydration reaction.

B

4. During lipolysis a. triglycerides are converted into molecules of acetyl-CoA. b. triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids. c. lipids are converted into glucose molecules. d. lipids are formed from excess carbohydrates. e. lipids are metabolized to yield ATP.

B

42. Which of the following complements the actions of glucocorticoids? a. insulin b. growth hormone c. glucagon d. epinephrine e. androgens

B

45. A growing child is in a state of a. nitrogen equilibrium. b. positive nitrogen balance. c. negative nitrogen balance.

B

50. Assuming they all weigh the same and maintain the same body temperature, which of the following would lose heat fastest? a. a short, thickly built person b. a tall, very slender person c. a person of average build

B

17. The nutrients that yield the most energy per gram when metabolized are a. carbohydrates. b. proteins. c. fats. d. nucleic acids. e. vitamins.

C

18. An ion that is a necessary component of high-energy compounds and nucleic acids and a structural component of bone is the ________ ion. a. chloride b. sulfate c. phosphate d. bicarbonate e. iodide

C

25. A T4 assay is used to a. determine the number of calories in food. b. directly measure the basal metabolic rate. c. obtain an index of metabolic activity. d. monitor the energy efficiency of metabolism. e. determine the amount of oxygen consumed during metabolism.

C

29. Reactions within ________ provide most of the energy needed by a typical cell. a. cytoplasm b. the plasma membrane c. the mitochondria d. the endoplasmic reticulum e. none of the above

C

31. The ________ of the mitochondrion contains large-diameter pores that are permeable to ions and small organic molecules such as pyruvic acid. a. inner membrane b. plasma membrane c. outer membrane d. matrix e. cristae

C

36. The strategy of eating starchy foods for several days before an athletic event is known as a. carbohydrate craving. b. the Atkins diet. c. carbohydrate loading. d. glycolysis reaction. e. overeating.

C

5. All of the following are true of beta-oxidation, except that a. it occurs in the mitochondria. b. fatty acids break down into two-carbon fragments that enter the TCA cycle. c. lipids are converted into glycogen molecules. d. it requires coenzyme A, NAD, and FAD. e. it yields large amounts of ATP.

C

8. Linoleic acid and linolenic acid are examples of a. transport proteins. b. lipoproteins. c. essential fatty acids. d. essential amino acids. e. vitamins.

C

10. Sometimes called "good cholesterol," ________ carry excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver. a. very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) b. low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) c. intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDLs) d. high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) e. very-high-density lipoproteins (VHDLs)

D

11. Removal of the amino group from amino acids in the first step of their catabolism requires a coenzyme derived from vitamin ________. a. A b. C c. B12 d. B6 e. B9

D

12. For adults there are ________ essential amino acids. a. 2 b. 6 c. 8 d. 10 e. 20

D

15. A balanced diet should a. include adequate substrates for the production of energy. b. provide essential amino acids and fatty acids. c. contain adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals. d. all of the above e. B and C only

D

19. A cation that often acts as a cofactor for enzymes is a. sodium. b. potassium. c. calcium. d. magnesium. e. zinc.

D

2. Cells synthesize new organic components for which of the following reasons? a. structural maintenance b. growth and repair c. secrete d. all of the above e. A and B only

D

33. Each cytochrome contains a. a protein. b. a pigment. c. a coenzyme. d. both A and B e. both A and C

D

37. Obesity is defined as a body weight more than ________ percent above the ideal body weight for an individual. a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 20 e. 30

D

46. Inadequate exposure to sunlight could result in decreased amounts of vitamin ________ in the body. a. A b. B12 c. C d. D e. E

D

6. Lipids a. deliver somewhat less energy than an equivalent mass of glucose. b. are difficult to store since they are not water soluble. c. yield quick bursts of energy. d. provide energy for cells with modest energy demands. e. both B and C

D

7. Lipogenesis generally begins with a. glucose. b. amino acids. c. fatty acids. d. acetyl-CoA. e. succinyl-CoA.

D

1. The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called a. glycolysis. b. oxidative phosphorylation. c. catabolism. d. anabolism. e. metabolism.

E

13. N compounds include a. amino acids. b. purines. c. pyrimidines. d. creatine. e. all of the above

E

14. During starvation a. carbohydrate utilization increases. b. gluconeogenesis accelerates. c. there is a decline in circulating ketone bodies. d. muscle proteins are used as an energy source. e. both B and D

E

26. When the temperature of the preoptic area of the hypothalamus exceeds its thermostat setting, a. peripheral vasoconstriction occurs. b. skin blood flow increases. c. tidal volume increases. d. sweat glands are inhibited. e. both B and C

E

3. During glycolysis a. a molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid. b. four molecules of ATP are produced. c. two molecules of ATP are consumed d. A and B only e. A, B, and C

E

30. Cells must synthesize new organic compounds a. to support growth. b. to perform structural maintenance or repairs. c. to produce secretions. d. to store nutrient reserves. e. all of the above

E

32. In the ETS, ________ accepts electrons from one molecule and transfers them to another. a. a hydrogen ion b. a coenzyme c. the acetyl group d. a cytochrome e. B or D

E

38. A disorder caused by the ingestion of excessive quantities of a fat-soluble vitamin is known as a. protein deficiency disease. b. Kwashiorkor. c. avitaminosis. d. carbohydrate loading. e. hypervitaminosis.

E

39. In the human body, cholesterol is important because it a. helps waterproof the epidermis. b. is a lipid component of all cell membranes. c. is a key constituent of bile. d. is the precursor of several steroid hormones and vitamin D3. e. all of the above

E

40. Liver is to ________ as adipose tissue is to ________. a. focal point of metabolic regulation and control; storage of lipids b. storage of vitamin C; source of leptin c. cholesterol; triglycerides d. both A and B e. both A and C

E

41. Glucocorticoids have which of the following effects on general peripheral tissues? a. They decrease the use of glucose. b. They increase gluconeogenesis. c. They increase glycogenolysis. d. A and B only e. A, B, and C

E

9. The largest lipoproteins, ranging in diameter up to 0.5 µm, ________ are produced by intestinal epithelial cells from the fats in food. a. very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) b. low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) c. intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDLs) d. high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) e. chylomicrons

E