Ch 26 & 27

According to the rule of palm method for estimating the extent of a patient's burns, the palm of the patient's hand is equal to _____ of his or her total BSA.

1%

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 2 year old child?

An full-thickness burn, regardless of its location on the body

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 35 year old patient?

Circumferential partial-thickness burn to the chest

Which of the following statements regarding electrical burn is correct?

Entrance wounds are small relative to the amount of internal tissue damage.

Which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is correct?

The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the body surface area.

The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are the called the:

arterioles

An organ or tissue might better resist damage from hypoperfuison if the:

body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6

When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should:

brush away the chemical before brushing with water

All of the following should be addressed during the primary assessment except:

capillary bleeding

Burns are classified according to:

depth and extent

Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with:

hematemesis

Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is MOST often controlled by:

splinting the extremity

You arrive at the home of a 50-year-old female with severe epistaxis. As you are treating her, it is MOST important to recall that:

the patient is a risk for vomiting and aspiration

External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because:

veins are under a lower pressure.

Capillaries link the arterioles and the:

venules

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding might be:

weakness or dizziness

An infant with a total blood volume of 800mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ____ of blood is lost.

100mL

A 21 year old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, the patient has burns that cover ___________ of his body surface area.

18%

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume.

20%

A 5-year-old female pulled a pot of boiling water from the stove. She has superficial and partial-thickness burns to her head, face, and anterior trunk. What percentage of her body surface area has been burned?

30%

Which of the following splinting devices would be most appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding

Air splint

Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin?

Ears

What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body?

Epidermis

In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the most difficult to control?

Femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg

A 70-year-old man presents with a severe nosebleed. His medical history includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, and a hemorrhagic stroke three years ago. His BP is 190/110 mm Hg, his pulse is 100 beats/min, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min. His medications include albuterol, sertranile (Zoloft), and multivitamins. Which of the following is most likely causing his nosebleed today?

High blood pressure

All of the following body structures are lined with mucous membranes, except for the

Lips

A utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a high-power line. He fell approximately 20 feet and is lying unresponsive on the ground; the power line is lying across his chest. You should:

Rapidly assess the patient after ensuring that the power line is not live.

Which of the following statements regarding severe burns is correct?

Severe burns are typically a combination of all degrees of burns.

Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for two to three hours?

Skeletal muscle

During an altercation in a bar, two patrons got into a fist fight. The first patient, a 44-year-old female, was struck in the mouth and refuses EMS care. The second patient, a 39-year-old female, has a small laceration to her left knuckle and also refuses EMS care. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is MOST correct?

The 39 year old female is at high risk for an infection.

Which of the following body systems or components is the least critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?

The filtering of blood cells in the spleen

If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:

a tourniquet proximal to the injury.

A 39-year-old male was struck in the head by a baseball during a game. He is confused and has slurred speech. He has a large hematoma in the center of his forehead and cannot remember the events preceding the injury. After manually stabilizing his head and assessing his airway, you should

administer high-flow oxygen

In addition to severe bleeding, the MOST life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is:

an air embolism

A 48-year-old male has a suspected open-book pelvic fracture. He is conscious but restless, and his skin is pale and diaphoretic. His respirations are 22 breaths/min and his pulse rate is 120 beats/min. There is no external bleeding noted. The EMT should:

apply a compression device around his pelvis

A 17-year-old male was short in the right anterior chest during an altercation. As your partner is applying oxygen, you perform a rapid assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should

apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue assessment.

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first

apply direct pressure to the wound

A young male shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. Law enforcement personnel have ensured that the scene is safe. The patient is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:

assist the patient's ventilations

When treating a partial-thickness burn, you should:

avoid the use of creams, lotion, or antiseptics

A 39-year-old male accidentally cut his wrist while sharpening his hunting wife. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing but is bleeding significantly from the wound. You should

control the bleeding with direct pressure

Functions of dressings and bandages include all of the following, EXCEPT:

immobilization of the injury

In addition to external bleeding, the MOST significant risk that an open soft-tissue injury exposes a patient to is:

infection

A hematoma develops when:

large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged.

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Preferred treatment for this patient includes:

pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward.

A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen multiple times during an assult. He is conscious but restless and his pulse is rapid. His skin is cold and moist. Your assessment reveals a large area of bruising to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. The most appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

preparing for immediate transport

When assessing a patient with a closed soft-tissue injury, it is important to:

remain alert for more severe underlying injuries

A 56-year-old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. After controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should

replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing

Hypopfusion is another name for

shock

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a house fire where firefighters have rescued a 50-year-old male from his burning house. The patient has superficial and partial-thickness burns on his face and chest. His nasal hairs are singed, and he is coughing up sooty sputum. You should be concerned with

the potential for airway swelling

Reagardless of the type of tourniquet used, it is important to remember that:

the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding might return if the tourniquet is released