Ch 27-29
The mastoid process is located approximately:
1" posterior to the external opening of the ear
Following a head injury, a 20-year-old female opens her eyes spontaneously, is confused, and obeys your commands to move her extremities. You should assign her a GCS score of:
14
A 37-year-old male was pinned between a flatbed truck and a loading dock. On exam, you find bruising to the chest, distended neck veins, bilaterally diminished breath sounds, and bilateral scleral hemorrhaging. You should:
aggressively manage his airway
An open pneumothorax occurs when:
air enters the pleural space from outside the body (as opposed to from the lungs themselves)
Subcutaneous emphysema is an indication that:
air is escaping into the chest wall from a damaged lung
What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
allows movement of the head
Which of the following sets of vital signs depicts Cushing's triad?
blood pressure 80/40 mm Hg, pulse 30 beat/min, respirations 32 breaths/min
You are assessing a patient who was hit in the face by a baseball bat. There are multiple contusions on his face, and he reports double vision. His left eye does not track with his right eye. What should you suspect?
blow-out fracture
Closed chest injuries are typically caused by _______.
blunt trauma
Unequal pupils most likely indicate what type of injury?
brain
The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the:
brain and spinal cord
The _________ is the best-protected part of the CNS and controls the functions of the cardiac and respiratory systems.
brain stem
Patients with rib fractures will commonly:
breathe rapidly and shallowly
Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of a head injury?
briskly constricting pupils when exposed to light
distended jugular veins, a narrowing pulse pressure, and muffled heart sounds are seen in which of the following conditions?
cardiac tamponade
A 50-year-old male was splashed in the eyes with radiator fluid when he was working on his car. During your assessment, he tells you that he wears soft contact lenses. You should:
carefully remove the contact lenses and then irrigate his eyes with saline
you respond to a 71-year-old woman who is unresponsive. you try to get her to respond but have no success. her airway is open, and she is breathing at a rate of 14 breaths/min. you know you can check a pulse on the side of the neck. you know that the jugular veins and several nerves run through the neck next to the trachea. what structure are you trying to locate to take a pulse?
carotid arteries
Coordination of balance and body movement is controlled by the:
cerebellum
A temporary loss or alteration of part or all of the brain's abilities to function without physical damage to the brain MOST accurately describes a(n):
cerebral concussion
The MOST common and serious complication of a significant head injury is:
cerebral edema
The brain is divided into three major areas
cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem
The five sections of the spinal column, in descending order, are the:
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal
You are treating a patient who might have a skull fracture. What should you do if a dressing you have applied to a head wound becomes soaked?
place a clean dressing over the bloody one
The maxilla and zygoma are components of the ________.
face
It would be MOST appropriate to perform a focused secondary assessment on a patient who:
fainted and fell to the ground from a standing position
In which condition is it recommended you use positive-pressure ventilation?
flail chest
Paradoxical motion is a sign of a _______.
flail chest
the brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull known as the:
foramen magnum
The eyeball itself is called the:
globe
Hyperextension injuries of the spine are MOST commonly the result of:
hangings
You are assessing a 59-year-old male who complains of a headache and note that his pupils are asymmetrical. He is conscious and alert. When obtaining his medical history, it is MOST pertinent to ask him if he:
has a history of eye surgeries
The skin and underlying tissues of the face:
have a rich blood supply and bleed profusely
When placing a patient onto a long backboard, the EMT at the patient's _________ is in charge of all patient movements.
head
When securing a pt to a backboard, which area of the body should you secure last?
head
Common signs and symptoms of a chest injury include all of the following, EXCEPT:
hematemesis
Clinical findings associated with a laryngeal injury include:
hemoptysis, sub emph, cyanosis
You are assessing a patient and notice he has a collapsed jugular vein. What does this indicate?
hemothorax
You are assessing a patient who sustained a blunt force chest injury during a motorcycle accident. There are no obvious signs of external bleeding, but the patient is hypovolemic and there are decreased breath sounds on the left side. Which of the following should you suspect?
hemothorax
common signs and symptoms of tension pneumothorax include all of the following EXCEPT:
high BP
When immobilizing a child on a long backboard, you should:
place padding under the child's shoulders as needed
Irritation or damage to the pleural surfaces that causes sharp chest pain during inhalation is called:
pleurisy
In order to avoid exacerbating a patient's injury, it is especially important to use extreme caution when providing positive-pressure ventilation to patients with a:
pneumothorax
a ___________________ results when an injury allows air to enter through a hole in the chest wall or the surface of the lung as the patient attempts to breathe, causing the lung on that side to collapse.
pneumothorax
Moderate elevation in intracranial pressure with middle brain stem involvement is characterized by:
sluggishly reactive pupils, widened pulse pressure, bradycardia, posturing
What part of the nervous system controls the body's voluntary activities?
somatic
The spinal cord is encased in and protected by the:
spinal canal
Significant trauma to the face should increase the EMT's index of suspicion for a(n):
spinal column injury
During your assessment of a patient with blunt chest trauma, you note paradoxical movement of the left chest wall. As your partner is administering oxygen to the patient, you should:
stabilize the chest wall with a bulky dressing
neck rigidity, bloody CSF, and headache are associated with what kind of bleeding in the brain?
subarachnoid hemorrhage (think bacterial meningitis symptoms)
Frequent reassessments of the patient with face or neck injuries are MOST important because:
such injuries can affect the respiratory system
A 30-year-old female was assaulted by a gang as she was leaving a nightclub. She has massive facial trauma and slow, gurgling respirations. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you should:
suction her oropharynx for 15 seconds
During your primary assessment of a 19-year-old unconscious male who experienced severe head trauma, you note that his respirations are rapid, irregular, and shallow. He has bloody secretions draining from his mouth and nose. You should:
suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds
which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of a laryngeal injury?
wheezing
In which instance would you consider removing an impaled object?
when the object is impaled in the cheek and compromises the airway
helmets must be removed in all of the following cases EXCET:
when there are no impending airway or breathing problems
Which of the following statements regarding secondary brain injury is correct?
hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes of secondary brain injury
The effectiveness of positive-pressure ventilations when treating a head-injured patient can ONLY be determined by:
immediate reassessment following the intervention
which of the following statements regarding hemothorax is correct?
it can only be treated by a surgeon
The _________ nervous system consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves.
peripheral
The ________ nerves control the diaphragm.
phrenic
when a patient has a chemical burn to the eye, you should irrigate the eye for at least 5 minutes; however, if the burn was caused by an alkali or strong acid, you should irrigate for:
20 minutes
A patient with a head injury presents with abnormal flexion of his extremities. What numeric value should you assign to him for motor response?
3
how many EMTs are required to immobilize a standing patient?
3
The ideal procedure for moving an injured patient from the ground to a backboard is:
4-person log roll
The cervical spine is composed of _____ vertebrae.
7
the most prominent and most easily palpable spinous process is at the _________________ cervical vertebra at the base of the neck.
7th
Which of the following statements regarding the cranium is correct?
80% of the cranium is occupied by brain tissue
Distended jugular veins, narrowing pulse pressure, and muffled heart tones are collectively known as _______.
Beck's triad
The phrenic nerves control the diaphragm and exit the spinal cord at:
C3, C4, C5
Which of the following acts as a shock absorber for the CNS?
CSF
You are treating a patient who went face-first through a windshield. She has extensive head injuries and is displaying hypertension, bradycardia, and Cheyne-Stokes respirations. Which of the following should you suspect?
Cushing triad
When performing a full body scan, you should assess for ________.
DCAP-BTLS
Cushing triad in a patient is a sign of which of the following?
ICP
traumatic asphyxia:
Is a sudden, severe compression of the chest.
Abnormal variations in pupil size and reaction would MOST likely be observed in a patient with:
a brain injury
Which of the following statements regarding cervical collars is correct?
a cervical collar is used in addition to, not instead of, manual immobilization
What is an air embolism?
a clinical situation in which a vein is punctured and air is sucked into the heart
What is a hematoma?
a collection of blood within the tissues
A 30-year-old female presents with redness, inflammation, and pain to her left eye. During your assessment, you note that she is having difficulty keeping her eyes open. You should suspect that she is experiencing:
a corneal abrasion
The MOST reliable sign of a head injury is:
a decreased LOC
An indicator of an expanding intracranial hematoma or rapidly progressing brain swelling is:
a rapid deterioration of neurologic signs
Common signs and symptoms of a serious head injury include all of the following, EXCEPT:
a rapid, thready pulse
A flail chest occurs when:
a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage
When transporting a patient with a facial injury, it is MOST important to be as descriptive as possible with the hospital regarding the patient's injury because:
a specialist may be needed to manage the injury
Pneumothorax is defined as:
accumulation of air in the pleural space
While jogging, a 19-year-old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should:
administer O2 and transport to the hospital
When immobilizing a seated patient with a short backboard or vest-style immobilization device, you should apply a cervical collar:
after assessing distal neurovascular functions
Which of the following is or are found in the middle ear?
anvil, hammer and stirrup
An 82-year-old man experienced a minor facial injury when he tripped and fell. He is conscious and alert and complains of slight pain to his cheekbones. His medical history includes hypertension, blood clots in his legs, hypothyroidism, and type 2 diabetes. During your assessment, it is important to remember that:
any patient who falls should have their spine immobilized
Which of the following blood vessels can be lacerated by a fractured rib?
aorta
You are dispatched to a convenience store where the clerk sustained a laceration to the side of his neck during a robbery attempt. During your assessment, you note bright red blood spurting from the laceration. You should:
apply direct pressure above and below the wound
A young female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She complains of pain to her left eye, which appears to have a piece of glass impaled in it. Further assessment reveals a large laceration to her left forearm with active venous bleeding. As your partner manually stabilizes the patient's head, you should:
apply direct pressure to her arm wound
which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the treatment of bleeding from a neck injury?
apply firm pressure to the carotid artery to reduce the amount of bleeding
A 52-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her face when her truck collided with another vehicle. She has obvious swelling to her face and several dislodged teeth. A visual exam of her mouth reveals minimal bleeding. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg, a pulse of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. You should:
apply supplemental O2, immobilize her spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, suction as needed, and transport
A short backboard or vest-style immobilization device is indicated for patients who:
are in a sitting position and are clinically stable
Retinal injuries that are caused by exposure to extremely bright light:
are not typically painful but may result in permanent damage to visio
After your partner assumes manual in-line stabilization of the patient's head, you should:
assess distal neurovascular status in the extremities
A female patient with a suspected spinal injury is breathing with a marked reduction in tidal volume. The MOST appropriate airway management for her includes:
assisting ventilations at an age-appropriate rate
The body's functions that occur without conscious effort are regulated by the _________ nervous system.
autonomic nervous system
A young female experienced a laceration to her left eyeball from flying glass when her boyfriend broke a soda bottle against a wall. There is moderate bleeding and the patient states that she cannot see out of the injured eye. You should:
avoid applying pressure to the globe when you are covering her eye
When controlling bleeding from a scalp laceration with a suspected underlying skull fracture, you should:
avoid excessive pressure when applying the bandage
A man jumped from the roof of his house and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his heels, knees, and lower back. This mechanism of injury is an example of:
axial loading
Which of the following statements regarding scalp lacerations is correct?
blood loss from a scalp laceration may result in hypovolemic shock, especially in children
You are assessing a man who has a head injury and note that cerebrospinal fluid is leaking from his ear. You should recognize that this patient is at risk for:
bacterial meningitis
Which of the following fractures is associated with bruising around the ears and blood coming from the nose?
basilar skull fracture
An epidural hematoma is MOST accurately defined as:
bleeding between the skull and dura mater
which of the following is NOT a sign of a possible facial fracture?
bleeding from the forehead
What is hyphema?
bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye
The term "hyphema" is defined as:
blood in the anterior chamber of the eye
A 39-year-old female experienced a severe closed head injury. She is unconscious with her eyes slightly open; her pupils are bilaterally dilated and slow to react. In addition to managing problems with airway, breathing, and circulation, you should:
close her eyes and cover them with a moist dressing
Signs and symptoms of a tension pneumothorax include all of the following, EXCEPT:
collapsed jugular veins
Rapid deceleration of the head, such as when it impacts the windshield, causes:
compression injuries or bruising to the anterior portion of the brain and stretching/tearing to the posterior portion of the brain
You are transporting a stable patient with a possible pneumothorax. The patient is receiving high-flow oxygen and has an oxygen saturation of 95%. During your reassessment, you find that the patient is now confused, hypotensive, and profusely diaphoretic. What is MOST likely causing this patient's deterioration?
compression of the aorta and vena cava
The inner surface of the eyelids and the exposed surface of the eye itself are covered by a delicate membrane called the:
conjunctiva
Which of the following nerves allow sensory and motor impulses to be sent from one nerve directly to another?
connecting
The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to assess:
eye opening, verbal response, motor response
A 40-year-old male was in his woodworking shop when he felt a sudden, sharp pain in his left eye. Your assessment reveals a small splinter of wood embedded in his cornea. You should:
cover both eyes and transport to the hospital
the _______________ connects the cricoid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage.
cricothyroid membrane
________ in a patient with a chest injury is a sign that the blood is not being oxygenated sufficiently.
cyanosis
When assessing a conscious patient with an MOI that suggests spinal injury, you should:
determine if strength in all tissues is equal
The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the:
diaphragm
Bleeding from soft-tissue injuries to the face is MOST effectively controlled with:
direct pressure using dry, sterile dressings
The tough, fibrous outer meningeal layer is called the:
dura mater
Following a stab wound to the left anterior chest, a 25-year-old male presents with a decreased level of consciousness and signs of shock. Which of the following additional assessment findings should increase your index of suspicion for a cardiac tamponade?
engorged jugular veins
When immobilizing a patient on a long backboard, you should:
ensure that you secure the torso before securing the head
Which of the following head injuries would cause the patient's condition to deteriorate MOST rapidly?
epidural hematoma
While performing a secondary assessment of a patient who was hit with a tire iron on the side of the head, you find a depressed area above the patient's left ear. This indicates that the patient could have which of the following?
epidural hematoma
intracranial bleeding outside of the dura mater and under the skull is known as a(n):
epidural hematoma
The MOST important immediate treatment for patients with a head injury, regardless of severity, is to:
establish an adequate airway
the middle ear is connected to the nasal cavity by the:
eustachian tube
A spontaneous pneumothorax would MOST likely occur as the result of:
exertion of a person with a congenital lung defect
You respond to a residence for a 40-year-old female who was assaulted by her husband; the scene has been secured by law enforcement. Upon your arrival, you find the patient lying supine on the floor in the kitchen. She is semiconscious with severely labored breathing. Further assessment reveals a large bruise to the left anterior chest, jugular venous distention, and unilaterally absent breath sounds. As your partner is supporting her ventilations, you should:
immediately request ALS support
A 45-year-old male was working on his roof when he fell approximately 12′,landing on his feet. He is conscious and alert and complains of an ache in his lower back. He is breathing adequately and has stable vital signs. You should:
immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary assessment
You are reassessing a patient and you find that her left pupil is dilated and fixed. What does this indicate?
increased intracranial pressure
The pliability of the pediatric rib cage _______.
increases the risk of internal injury
You are treating a patient with significant bruising to her face and a broken nose. She is conscious, but her LOC is significantly altered and her breathing is labored. What should you do to manage this patient's airway?
insert an oropharyngeal airway
The treatment for relieving a tension pneumothorax involves:
inserting a needle through the rib cage into the pleural space
During your primary assessment of a semiconscious 30-year-old female with closed head trauma, you note that she has slow, irregular breathing and a slow, bounding pulse. As your partner maintains manual in-line stabilization of her head, you should:
instruct him to assist her ventilations while you perform a rapid assessment
Bleeding within the brain tissue itself is called a(n):
intracerebral hematoma
In contrast to a cerebral concussion, a cerebral contusion:
involves physical injury to the brain tissue
Which of the following breathing patterns is MOST indicative of increased intracranial pressure?
irregular rate, pattern and volume of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea
A factory worker was splashed in the eyes with a strong acid chemical. He complains of intense pain and blurred vision. If you do not have sterile saline or water, you should:
irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes with plain water
A 22-year-old male was walking on the beach and had sand blown into his eyes. He complains of pain and decreased vision to his right eye. Treatment should include:
irrigating his right eye laterally
A simple pneumothorax:
is commonly caused by blunt chest trauma
The cricoid cartilage:
is the only complete circular cartilage of the trachea
Lacerations to the scalp:
may be an indicator of deeper, more serious injuries
Once a cervical collar has been applied to a patient with a possible spinal injury, it should not be removed unless:
it causes a problem managing the airway
A tight-fitting motorcycle helmet should be left in place unless:
it interferes with your assessment of the airway
Which of the following statements regarding the vitreous humor is correct?
it is a clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye that cannot be replaced if it is lost
When a light is shone into the pupil:
it should become smaller in size
When opening the airway of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, you should use the:
jaw-thrust maneuver
The superficial temporal artery can be palpated:
just anterior to the tragus
You arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The patient, a 50-year-old female, was removed from her vehicle prior to your arrival. Bystanders who removed her state that she was not wearing a seatbelt. The patient is unresponsive, tachycardic, and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals bilaterally clear and equal breath sounds, a midline trachea, and collapsed jugular veins. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient has experienced a:
laceration of the aorta
The conjunctiva are kept moist by fluid produced by the:
lacrimal glands
Following direct trauma to the upper part of the anterior neck, a young male presents with labored breathing, loss of voice, and subcutaneous emphysema in the soft tissues around his neck. You should suspect a(n):
laryngeal fracture
A 29-year-old male has an anterior nosebleed after he was accidentally elbowed in the nose. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. The MOST appropriate care for this patient includes:
leaning him forward and pinching his nostrils together
A high school football player was injured during a tackle and complains of neck and upper back pain. He is conscious and alert and is breathing without difficulty. The EMT should:
leave his helmet and shoulder pads in place
When caring for a patient with a possible head injury, it is MOST important to monitor the patient's:
level of consciousness
Which of the following skull fractures would be the LEAST likely to present with palpable deformity or other outward signs?
linear
Accounting for approximately 80% of all skull fractures, which of the following often present with no physical signs?
linear skull fracture
When a patient sustains a spinal cord injury above the C3 region, which of the following is likely to happen?
loss of the ability to breathe due to loss of ability of phrenic nerves to function
The time between an initial period of unconsciousness and a subsequent loss of consciousness is referred to as what?
lucid interval
Hemoptysis indicates damage to the _______.
lungs
Which of the following organs or structures does NOT reside within the mediastinum?
lungs
The lower jawbone is called the:
mandible
The upper jawbones are called the:
maxillae
When a patient experiences a severe spinal injury, he or she:
may lose sensation below the level of injury
When a person is lying supine at the end of exhalation, the diaphragm:
may rise as high as the nipple line
The esophagus, trachea, and great vessels reside in the _______.
mediastinum
If a person's tidal volume decreases, but his or her respiratory rate remains unchanged:
minute volume will decrease
When assessing a patient with a mandibular fracture, you would MOST likely encounter:
misalignment of the teeth
If a patient with a chest injury is only able to inhale small amounts of air per breath, he or she:
must increase his/her respiratory rate to maintain adequate minute volume
A rapid, irregular pulse following blunt trauma to the chest is MOST suggestive of a:
myocardial contusion
a ________________ is the result of blunt chest trauma and is association with an irregular pulse and sometimes dangerous cardiac rhythms.
myocardial contusion
What is the most common type of facial fracture?
nasal
Which area of the body are you palpating if you feel subcutaneous emphysema?
neck
Facial injuries should be identified and treated as soon as possible because:
of the risk for airway problems
What are the two most common injuries caused by penetrating chest trauma?
open pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade
A 44-year-old male sustained a laceration to his left ear during a minor car accident. Your assessment reveals minimal bleeding. Appropriate care for this injury includes:
padding between the ear and the scalp
you respond to a MVC and find a 29-year-old woman complaining of chest pain. her chest struck the steering wheel. her airway is open, she is breathing at 24 breaths/min, and she is coughing up blood. her pulse is 130 beats/min, rapid and weak, and her BP is 90/58 mm Hg. you notice cyanosis around the lips and note that her fingers are also blue. when you expose the chest, she tells you it hurts and points to a bruised spot. which of the following is a symptom?
pain at the site of the injury
Which of the following are you likely to see in flail chest?
paradoxical motion
A spinal cord injury at the level of C7 would MOST likely result in:
paralysis of the intercostal muscles
You have sealed the open chest wound of a 40-year-old male who was stabbed in the anterior chest. Your reassessment reveals that he is experiencing increasing respiratory distress and tachycardia, and is developing cyanosis. You should:
partially remove the dressing
A 28-year-old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to providing supplemental oxygen, you should:
prepare for immediate transport
Immediately life-threatening chest injuries must be found and managed during the _______.
primary assessment
the first step in securing a patient to a short backboard is to:
provide manual stabilization of the cervical spine
Following blunt trauma to the chest, an 18-year-old female presents with respiratory distress, shallow breathing, and cyanosis. Her blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and her pulse is 130 beats/min and thready. You should:
provide ventilation assistance with a BVM
A man called EMS 12 hours after injuring his chest. Your assessment reveals a flail segment to the right side of the chest. The patient is experiencing respiratory distress and his oxygen saturation is 78%. His breath sounds are equal bilaterally and his jugular veins are normal. You should suspect:
pulmonary contusion
The opening in the center of the iris, which allows light to move to the back of the eye, is called the:
pupil
When activated, the sympathetic nervous system produces all of the following effects, EXCEPT:
pupillary constriction
A 6-year-old female was riding her bicycle and struck a clothesline with her throat. She is breathing, but with obvious difficulty. Your assessment reveals a crackling sensation in the soft tissues of her neck and facial cyanosis. In addition to the appropriate airway management, the intervention that will MOST likely improve her chance of survival is:
rapidly transporting her to the hospital
A patient with a chest injury has a blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg and a pulse rate of 120 beats/min. Which of the following additional findings should make you suspect a pericardial tamponade?
repeat BP of 90/68 mm Hg
A patient who presents with profound cyanosis following a chest injury:
requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation
The optic nerve endings are located within the:
retina
A patient who cannot remember the events that preceded his or her head injury is experiencing:
retrograde amnesia
You are treating a patient who fell hard on her right side when she fell off a bike. Exposure of the patient's chest reveals a large bruise on the lateral aspect of the right side of the chest. When you palpate the area, the patient yells out in extreme pain and states that she cannot take a deep breath. What condition should you suspect?
rib fractures
When assessing a patient with a head injury, you note the presence of thin, bloody fluid draining from his right ear. This indicates:
rupture of the tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head
The white portion of the eye is called the:
sclera
When assessing a patient with a hemothorax, you will MOST likely find:
signs and symptoms of shock
What is the best position in which to place a patient when you want to assess for jugular vein distention?
sitting at a 45-degree angle
Battle sign is an indication of which of the following?
skull fracture
You should be MOST suspicious that a patient has experienced a significant head injury if his or her pulse is:
slow
Common signs of a skull fracture include all of the following, EXCEPT:
superficial scalp lacerations
Patients with chest injuries will often present with _______.
tachypnea
Which of the following statements regarding a basilar skull fracture is correct?
the absence of raccoon eyes or Battle's sign does not rule it out
What is ventilation?
the body's ability to move air in and out of the chest and lung tissue
When the parasympathetic nervous system is activated:
the heart rate decreases and the blood vessels dilate
When immobilizing a trauma patient's spine, the EMT manually stabilizing the head should not let go until:
the patient has been completely secured to the backboard
When caring for a patient with an open facial injury, the AEMT must:
wear gloves and facial protection
you are called to a MVC where a 27-year-old women has a bump on her head. You immediately begin manual stabilization of the head. Her airway is open and respirations are within normal limits. Her pulse is a little fast but strong and regular. Distal pulses are present. You can release manual stabilization when:
the patient is secured to a backboard with the head immobilized
on inhalation, which of the following does NOT occur?
the pressure inside the chest increases
The Adam's apple is:
the upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage
Children are often "belly breathers" because _______.
their intercostal muscles are not developed
Which of the following statements regarding anterior nosebleeds is correct?
they usually originate from the septum area and bleed slowly
The small, rounded, fleshy bulge immediately anterior to the ear canal is called the:
tragus
A 4-year-old female has a peanut lodged in the external auditory canal of her right ear. You should:
transport her to the ED
Immediate death from blunt chest trauma following a motor vehicle crash is MOST often the result of:
traumatic aortic rupture
You are transporting an immobilized patient with severe facial trauma. As you are preparing to give your radio report to the hospital, the patient begins vomiting large amounts of blood. You should:
turn the backboard onto its side
If you do not have the appropriate size cervical collar, you should:
use rolled towels to immobilize the patient's head
The body's ability to move air in and out of the lungs is called _______.
ventilation
A 19-year-old male is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless after being struck in the center of the chest with a softball. Based on the mechanism of injury, what MOST likely occurred?
ventricular fibrillation when the impact occurred during a critical portion of the cardiac cycle
Pleural fluid is contained between the:
visceral and parietal pleurae
If your patient swallows blood following facial trauma, there is an increased risk of ________.
vomiting