Ch. 29 Chapter Test

​15-year-old female who was ejected from a​ vehicle, struck her head on a​ tree, and displays decerebrate movements in response to painful stimuli

Of the following​ patients, which injury is the highest priority to receive​ bag-valve-mask ventilations?

occlusive dressing.

Your patient has sustained a serious laceration to his neck. He appears to have lost a lot of blood and you are considering how you will control the bleeding. Your primary treatment should be to place​ a(n):

open head injury.

Your patient is a​ 16-year-old centerfielder on his high school baseball team. He was injured when he and the left fielder collided trying to catch a fly ball. He is disoriented and is unable to tell you what happened. His vital signs are pulse​ 88, blood pressure​ 132/86, respiratory rate​ 16, and pupils equal. As you assess his​ head, you do not see any cuts or​ bleeding, but you feel a​ spongy, depressed area over his left ear. You should suspect​ a(n):

Use a short spine board or vest​ device, then transfer him to a long spine board.

Your patient is a​ 16-year-old male who ran his truck off of the road and into a ditch. He was driving just fast enough to cause the air bag to deploy when he hit the ditch. He is complaining of some neck and shoulder pain. His vital signs are respirations​ 20, pulse​ 110, blood pressure​ 116/80, and pupils equal and reactive. How should you manage this​ patient?

Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and ventilate via​ bag-valve-mask at​ 10-12 breaths per minute.

Your patient is a​ 16-year-old male who was ejected from an​ all-terrain vehicle and struck his head on a large rock. He was not wearing a helmet. He is unresponsive with​ shallow, irregular​ respirations; a blood pressure of​ 170/110 mmHg; and a heart rate of 50 beats per minute. Which of the following interventions would be MOST​ appropriate?

Ask the patient to grasp and squeeze your hands.

Your patient is a​ 21-year-old male who slid​ head-first down a water slide at his fraternity house and impacted the bales of straw that his fraternity brothers had erected as a barrier to keep participants from sliding onto the adjacent highway. The patient is conscious and complaining of neck pain. Which of the following should be included in your​ assessment?

Painful

Your patient is a​ 27-year-old male who has been involved in a motorcycle collision in which he was not wearing a helmet. He does not respond when you speak to​ him, but he makes incomprehensible sounds when you press your knuckles on his sternum. Which of the following BEST describes his level of​ consciousness?

Firmly stabilize the reinforcement bar in place so that the rescue crew can cut it short.

Your patient is a​ 30-year-old construction worker who fell from scaffolding and has been impaled by a piece of concrete reinforcement bar. The patient responds to verbal stimuli. You have determined the bar is too long to adequately secure during patient transport. Which of the following is your best course of​ action?

Posturing

Your patient is a​ 35-year-old woman who was driving a minivan that was struck in the​ driver's side door by another vehicle. You notice that when you apply pressure to her sternum with your knuckles she extends her legs and flexes her arms and wrists. When giving your radio​ report, which of the following terms should you use to describe​ this?

Apply a cervical collar and short spine immobilization device before removing to a long backboard.

Your patient is a​ 38-year-old male driver of a vehicle that left the roadway and struck a bus stop shelter and a tree. He is conscious and​ alert, he has some abrasions on his​ forehead, his skin is warm and​ dry, and he has a strong radial pulse and no difficulty breathing. Which of the following descriptions represents the MOST appropriate way for removing the patient from the​ vehicle?

remove the helmet to better manage proper alignment.

Your patient was ejected from his motorcycle when he struck a deer. He is drowsy and unable to communicate clearly. You determine that the helmet he is wearing will not allow you to securely immobilize the patient to the long spine board. You​ should:

​10-12 breaths per minute.

Your unresponsive adult patient has a head injury and inadequate breathing. Your​ bag-valve-mask ventilations should be delivered at a rate​ of:

immobilize his cervical spine.

Your​ 38-year-old male patient has been injured in an assault. He has several facial lacerations and a large knot on his head. Bystanders say that he was thrown over a large table and landed on his head and shoulder. As part of your scene​ size-up and primary​ assessment, you​ should:

Spinous process

The bony bumps you feel along the center of a​ person's back are known as which of the​ following?

Upper jaw

The maxillae form which of the following​ structures?

Any of the above

A fracture of which of the following bones would be considered a skull​ fracture?

closed head injury.

A young female was injured in an automobile​ wreck, striking her head on the windshield. She is unconscious and her breathing is irregular. She is bleeding from a scalp​ wound, but your assessment shows that her cranium is intact. Her vital signs are pulse​ 68, blood pressure​ 148/90, and her pupils are unequal. You should suspect​ a(n):

Increased blood​ pressure, decreased pulse

As pressure within the cranium​ increases, which of the following is the​ result?

whiplash injury.

A​ 17-year-old girl was injured when her car was struck from behind while she was stopped at a red light. She is complaining of a headache with neck and back pain. You suspect she has sustained​ a(n):

None of the above

A​ 36-year-old male was accidentally shot with a nail gun into the head. You see the​ nail, which protrudes about 2 to 3 centimeters from the​ skull, when you visualize the injury site. Under which of the following circumstances should you remove the nail from the injury​ site?

Increased blood pressure

A​ 65-year-old man was doing some work on his roof when he lost his footing and fell to the​ ground, approximately 15 feet. He is unconscious but his respirations are normal. You note an obviously angulated left leg. You are more concerned about a possible head injury. Which of the following would indicate a possible head​ injury?

Eye​ opening, verbal​ response, and motor response

Glasgow Coma Scale​ (GCS) is a neurological assessment that looks at which of the​ following?

15-year-old female who was ejected from a​ vehicle, struck her head on a​ tree, and displays decerebrate movements in response to painful stimuli

Of the following​ patients, which injury is the highest priority to receive​ bag-valve-mask ventilations?

Sensory

Messages from the body to the brain are carried by which of the following types of​ nerves?

Thoracic

To which of the following sections of the spine are the ribs​ attached?

Malar

What is another name for the zygomatic​ bone?

En route to the hospital

When should the EMT calculate a GCS with a patient who suffered a fall of 20 feet from his apartment​ building?

Head

When using a short spine immobilization​ device, which part of the body is secured​ last?

EMT at the head of the patient

When​ log-rolling a patient with a suspected spinal​ injury, which of the following EMTs directs the​ move?

Improper management of airway and ventilation

Which of the following causes worsening of the damage in a brain​ injury?

Concussion

Which of the following injuries is considered an indirect brain​ injury?

Deformity

Which of the following is NOT a common field finding in spinal​ injuries?

Constriction of blood vessels

Which of the following is a function of the autonomic nervous​ system?

Laceration with a skull fracture

Which of the following is classified as an open head​ injury?

Sensation of the right leg

Which of the following is controlled by the left side of the​ brain?

Dermatome

Which of the following is defined as an area of the body surface that is innervated by a single spinal​ nerve?

Torso, legs, head

Which of the following is the correct sequence for securing the straps on a long spine​ board?

Foramen magnum

Which of the following is the opening at the base of the​ skull?

Dilation of blood vessels

Which of the following is the underlying cause of neurogenic​ shock?

Treat for shock by elevating the foot of the backboard.

Which of the following measures is NOT appropriate for a patient with a significant isolated head​ injury?

Rigid cervical collars

Which of the following pieces of equipment is acceptable for use in the prehospital stabilization of suspected cervical spine​ injuries?

Low blood pressure

Which of the following signs is LEAST likely to indicate a traumatic brain​ injury?

The patient may not have any symptoms of the injury.

Which of the following statements concerning a concussion is true​?

Peripheral nervous system

Which of the following systems includes the pairs of nerves that enter and exit the spinal cord between each pair of​ vertebrae?

Cervical and lumbar

Which portions of the spine are the most vulnerable to​ injury?

Air embolus

While assessing a patient with a laceration to the​ neck, the EMT must be aware that which of the following conditions may​ develop?

Damage to​ C-3, C-4, or C5

You are called for a young man who was diving head first off a dock into a lake. Bystanders say he struck his head on the bottom because the water was too shallow. They said he was not breathing when they pulled him from the water and they have been performing rescue breathing for him. He is​ awake, but he is unable to breathe on his own. What type of damage or injury does this​ indicate?

Neurogenic shock

You are treating a​ 35-year-old male patient that has been involved in a motorcycle incident. The patient is unresponsive with a blood pressure of​ 60/40, a pulse of 66 beats per​ minute, and respirations of 18 breaths per minute. The​ patient's presentation is most likely caused by which of the​ following?

Assure scene safety.

You respond to a patient who was hit in the face with a chair. Upon​ arrival, you notice a patient leaning in the corner and bleeding profusely from the mouth and nose. Your first action should be which of the​ following?

Veins

Your patient has had his throat slashed during a robbery attempt. You are concerned since it is apparent that the vessels in his neck have been lacerated. A breach in which of the following vessels would be most likely to lead to an air​ embolism?