ch 3
c
A company's "macro-environment" refers to: A. the industry and the competitive arena in which the company operates. B. general economic conditions plus the factors driving change in the markets where a company operates. C. the strategically relevant factors outside a company's industry boundaries—economic conditions, political factors, sociocultural forces, technological factors, environmental factors, and legal/regulatory conditions. D. the competitive market environment that exists between a company and its competitors. E. the dominant economic features of a company's industry.
c
A strategic group: A. consists of those industry members that are growing at about the same rate and have similar product line breadth. B. includes all rival firms having comparable profitability. C. is a cluster of industry members with similar competitive approaches and market positions in the market. D. consists of those firms whose market shares are about the same size. E. is made up of those firms having comparable profit margins.
e
Buyer bargaining power is stronger when: A. winning the business of certain high-profile customers offers a seller important market exposure or prestige. B. the extent and importance of collaborative partnerships and alliances between particular sellers and buyers is credible. C. buyers cannot integrate backward into the product market of sellers. D. sellers' products are differentiated, making it easy and inexpensive for buyers to switch to competing brands. E. the industry's products are standardized or undifferentiated.
e
Buyers are in position to exert strong bargaining power in dealing with sellers when: A. their costs to switch to competing brands or to substitute products are relatively high. B. a particular seller's product delivers quality or performance that is very important to the buyer and is not matched by other brands. C. they buy the product infrequently or in small quantities and are not particularly well-informed about sellers' products, prices, and costs. D. buyer demand is growing rapidly. E. buyers are price-sensitive due to the product representing a significant fraction of their purchases.
c
Collaborative relationships between particular sellers and buyers in an industry can represent a source of strong competitive pressure when: A. virtually all buyers have strong brand attachments and are highly brand loyal. B. demand for the product is growing rapidly. C. sales are made to buyer groups with either strong bargaining power or high sensitivity. D. sellers are racing to add the latest and greatest performance features so as to attract the patronage of important or prestigious buyers.
e
Competitive pressures associated with the threat of entry are greater in all of the following situations, EXCEPT when: A. incumbent firms are willing to strongly contest the entry of newcomers with moves designed to make entry unprofitable. B. a large pool of potential entrants exists, some of which have the capabilities to overcome high entry barriers. C. entry barriers are relatively low and buyer demand for the product is growing rapidly, and newcomers can expect to earn attractive profits without inviting a strong reaction from incumbents. D. existing industry members are looking to expand their market reach by entering product segments or geographic areas where they currently do not have a presence. E. customers have low brand preferences and low degrees of loyalty to seller.
c
Competitive pressures stemming from buyer bargaining power tend to be weaker in which of the following circumstances? A. Most consumers vary the brands they choose for their cookware and kitchen gadgets. B. There is a global decline in the demand for CD players. C. The investment banking industry offers highly differentiated products. D. The Internet offers a huge amount of information on a variety of products. E. Heinz owns a metal-can manufacturing subsidiary to cut back on supplier costs.
d
Correctly diagnosing an industry's key success factors: A. points to those things that every firm in the industry needs to attend to in order to develop product propositions. B. hints at the firm's ability to generate above-average profitability. C. reveals that the firm's capabilities and resources are aligned with operating practices of industry participants. D. raises a company's chances of crafting a sound strategy.
a
Determining how strong the threat of substitutes will be entails: A identifying the relative price/performance relationship of the substitutes, the switching costs, and the overall buyer demand for the substitute. B. identifying the attractiveness of other industries. C. measuring Coke as a substitute for Pepsi and applying dynamic simulation modeling techniques. D. adopting a substitute product concentration factor to the buyer volume. E. judging whether industry members are capable of self-manufacturing their products.
a
Driving-forces analysis helps managers identify whether: A. the collective impact of the driving forces will act to increase/decrease market demand, increase/decrease competition, and raise/lower industry profitability in the years ahead. B. it will become more or less important to aim the company's strategy at being the industry's low-cost producer. C. the driving forces will have a bigger impact on company profitability than competitive forces. D. the industry is likely to become more or less vertically integrated and why. E. competitive advantages are likely to grow or diminish in importance
c The six principal components of the macro-environment are political, economic, sociocultural, technological, environmental (concerning the natural environment), and legal/regulatory. Rival firms are part of the immediate industry and competitive environment.
Each of the following exemplifies the impact of the macro-environment on a company's strategic opportunities EXCEPT: A. sales of Smirnoff dwindle on account of new laws regulating the sale of liquor. B. consumer confidence in GM rises as its stock price soars. C. Nike considers Adidas its most potent rival in the industry. D. footfalls at the outlets of Pizza Express increase following its drive to go vegan. E. sales of Smooth Fitness Treadmills surge on account of a new feature that monitors users' blood pressure.
b
Evaluating the industry's driving forces, as a whole, requires understanding their influence on the attractiveness of industry environment and generally are: A. determined by the sizes of strategic groups and the power of rival firms' competitive strategies. B. defined in ways that will strengthen or weaken market demand, competition, and industry profitability in future years. C. the cause of a reduction in the bargaining power of buyers. D. triggered by movement in the economy, higher or lower interest rates, or important new strategic alliances. E. triggered by such factors as growing competitive pressures from substitute products, and the efforts of rival firms to employ new or different offensive strategies.
b
Factors that cause the rivalry among competing sellers to be weaker include: A. low buyer switching costs. B. low fixed costs or storage costs. C. many industry rivals of roughly equal size and competitive strength. D. weakly differentiated products among rival sellers. E. slow growth in buyer demand.
e
Good intelligence about the strategic direction and likely moves of key competitors allows a company to determine which competitors have all of the following, EXCEPT: A. the best strategy. B. flawed or weak strategies. C. strong performance objectives. D. reliable resources and capabilities. E. similar competitive approaches.
b
Having good competitive intelligence about rivals' strategies and moves to improve their situation is important because: A. it identifies who the industry's current market share leaders are. B. it allows a company to anticipate what moves rivals are likely to make next and to craft its own strategic moves with some confidence. C. it helps identify which rival is in which strategic group. D. it enables company managers to determine which rival has the worst strategy and how to avoid making the same strategy mistakes. E. it enables more accurate predictions about how long it will take a particular rival to copy most of what the strategy leader is doing.
a
In analyzing driving forces, the strategist's role is to: A. identify the driving forces and evaluate their impact on (1) demand for the industry's product, (2) the intensity of competition, and (3) industry profitability. B. predict future marketing innovations and how fast the industry is likely to globalize. C. evaluate what stage of the life cycle the industry is in and when it is likely to move to the next stage. D. determine who is likely to exit the industry and what changes can be expected in the industry's strategic group map. E. forecast fluctuations in product demand and how buyer needs will most likely change.
b
In analyzing the strength of competition among rival firms, an important consideration is: A. the potential for buyers to exercise strong bargaining power. B. the diversity of competitors in terms of long-term direction, objectives, strategies, and countries of origin. C. the number of firms pursuing differentiation strategies versus the number pursuing low-cost leadership strategies and focus strategies. D. the extent to which some rivals have more than two competitively valuable competencies or capabilities. E. whether the industry is characterized by a strong learning/experience curve and whether the industry is composed of many or few strategic groups.
b
In identifying an industry's key success factors, strategists should: A. try to single out all factors that play a major role in shaping whether buyer demand grows rapidly or slowly. B. consider on what basis customers choose between competing brands, what resources and competitive capabilities firms need to be competitively successful, and what shortcomings are almost certain to put a company at a significant competitive disadvantage. C. consider whether the number of strategic groups is increasing or decreasing and whether the five competitive forces are powerful or relatively weak. D. consider what it will take to overtake the company with the industry's overall best strategy. E. focus their attention on what it will take to capitalize on the impacts of the industry's driving forces.
c
In mapping strategic groups: A. one strategic variable and one financial variable should be used as axes for the map. B. it is important for the variables used as axes to be highly correlated. C. the best variables to use as axes for the map are those that identify the competitive characteristics that delineate strategic approaches used in the industry. D. it is important to use price as the variable for the vertical axis. E. the primary objective is to determine which strategic groups are profitable and which are not.
b
In which of the following instances are industry members NOT subject to stronger competitive pressures from substitute products? A. The costs to buyers of switching over to the substitutes are low. B. Buyers are dubious about using substitutes. C. The quality and performance of the substitutes is well-matched to what buyers need to meet their requirements. D. Buyer brand loyalty is weak. E. Substitutes are readily available at competitive prices.
e
Market maneuvering among industry rivals: A. determines whether the industry's strategic group map will be static or dynamic. B. centers around collaborative efforts to overcome the bargaining power of powerful suppliers and powerful buyers. C. is usually an industry's strongest driving force. D. is usually one of the two or three weakest competitive forces because of the close familiarity that rivals have for one another's likely next moves. E. is ongoing and dynamic, with moves and countermoves of rivals producing a continually evolving competitive landscape that delivers winners and losers. .
b
Not all buyers of an industry's product have equal degrees of bargaining power with sellers, because: A. sellers in an industry provide similar products and generally their cost structures are different because of competitive advantages in their operation. B. some sellers may be less sensitive than others to price, quality, or service differences C. along the various stages of the value chain sellers are conducive to earning attractive profits. D. the industry is a highly cohesive structure with limited fragmentation and few industry members. E. sellers are large and few in number relative to the number of buyers.
a
One of the steps of driving-forces analysis is to identify which: A. strategy changes a company may need to make to prepare for the impacts of the driving forces. B. strategic group is the most powerful. C. industry member is likely to become (or remain) the industry leader and why. D. key success factors are most likely to help their company gain a competitive advantage. E. of the five competitive forces will be the strongest driver of industry change.
a
Rivalry among competing sellers increases: A when buyer demand is growing slowly. B. as it becomes more costly for buyers to switch brands. C. as the products of rival sellers become more strongly differentiated. D. when there is underproduction relative to demand.. E. as the number of competitors decreases.
d
Rivalry among competing sellers is generally more intense when: A. there are relatively few industry key success factors. B. the industry's driving forces are strong and rivals have strongly differentiated products. C. barriers to entry are moderately high and the pool of likely entry candidates is small. D. rivals are active in making fresh moves to lower prices, introduce new products, increase promotional efforts and advertising, and otherwise gain sales and market share. E. barriers to entry are high and buyer switching costs are high.
c
Strategic group mapping is a visual technique for displaying: A. how many rivals are pursuing each type of strategy. B. which companies have the biggest market share and who the industry leader really is. C. the different market or competitive positions that rival firms occupy in an industry and for identifying each rival's closest competitors. D. which companies have the highest degrees of brand loyalty. E. which companies have failing business models.
c
The "driving forces" in an industry: A. are usually triggered by changing technology or stronger learning/experience curve effects. B. usually are spawned by growing demand for the product, the outbreak of price-cutting, and big reductions in entry barriers. C. are major underlying causes of changing industry and competitive conditions and have the biggest influences in reshaping the industry landscape and altering competitive conditions. D. appear when an industry begins to mature but are seldom present during early stages of the industry life cycle. E. are usually triggered by shifting buyer needs and expectations or by the appearance of new substitute products.
a
The bargaining leverage of suppliers is greater when: A. the suppliers' products/services account for a small percentage of industry members' costs. B. industry members incur low costs in switching their purchases from one supplier to another. C. industry members account for a big fraction of supplier's sales. D. there is extensive seller-supplier collaboration. E. the supplier industry is composed of a large number of relatively small suppliers.
e
The best test of whether potential entry is a strong or weak competitive force is: A. the strength of buyer loyalty to existing brands. B. whether the industry's driving forces make it harder or easier for new entrants to be successful. C. whether the strategies of industry members are well-matched to the industry's key success factors. D. whether there are any vacant spaces on the industry's strategic group map. E. to ask if the industry's growth and profit prospects are strongly attractive to potential entry candidates.
a
The competitive pressures from substitute products tend to be stronger when: A. good substitutes are readily available. B. there are fewer number of substitute products. C. substitutes have lower performance features. D. buyers incur high costs in switching to substitutes. E. substitutes are priced above the market.
e The five forces framework holds that competitive pressures on companies within an industry come from five sources. These include (1) competition from rival sellers, (2) competition from potential new entrants to the industry, (3) competition from producers of substitute products, (4) supplier bargaining power, and (5) customer bargaining power.
The competitive pressures on companies within an industry come from all of the following, EXCEPT: A. those associated with the market maneuvering and jockeying for buyer patronage that goes on among rival firms in the industry. B. those companies in other industries attempting to win buyers over to their substitute products. C. those associated with the threat of new entrants into the marketplace. D. those associated with the bargaining power of suppliers and customers. E. those associated with environmental factors such as water shortages.
b
The concept of strategic groups is relevant to industry and competitive analysis because: A. firms in the same strategic groups are rarely close competitors—a firm's closest competitors are usually in distant strategic groups. B. strategic group maps help identify how each competing firm is positioned and the relationship to their closest competitors. C. competition grows in intensity as the number and diversity of the strategic groups in an industry increases. D. the profit potential of firms in the same strategic group is usually very similar.
b
The higher the switching costs for industry members, the more it can: A. limit supplier bargaining power. B. enhance supplier bargaining power. C. enhance the quality of parts and components being supplied, and in effect reduce defect rates. D. provide important cost savings for the collaborative supplier-seller relationship. E. limit the supply of products and/or services.
a An industry's key success factors (KSFs) are those competitive factors that most affect industry members' ability to survive and prosper in the marketplace: the particular strategy elements, product attributes, operational approaches, resources, and competitive capabilities that spell the difference between being a strong competitor and a weak competitor—and between profit and loss.
The key success factors in an industry: A. are those competitive factors that most affect industry members' abilities to prosper in the marketplace—the particular strategy elements, product attributes, operational approaches, resources, and competitive capabilities that spell the difference between being a strong competitor and a weak one, and between profit and loss. B. are determined by the industry's driving forces, which are essential to surviving and thriving in the industry. C. hinge on how many different strategic groups the industry has operating within the industry and their level of profitability and sustainable advantages. D. depend on how many rivals are trying to move from one strategic group to another without losing momentum. E. are a function of such considerations as how many firms are in the industry, how many have market shares above 5 percent, and whether the business models being used are similar or diverse.
b
The lower the user's switching costs, the: A. harder it is for the sellers of attractive substitutes to lure buyers to their offering. B. more intense the competitive pressures posed by substitute products. C. less intense the competitive pressures posed by substitute products. D. greater the bargaining power from both suppliers and influential customers. E. lesser the bargaining power from both suppliers and influential customers.
a
The most powerful and widely used tool for diagnosing the principle competitive pressures in a market is: A. the five forces framework. B. PESTEL. C. the driving forces model. D. strategic group mapping. E. competitor analysis.
b
The most powerful of the five competitive forces is USUALLY: A. the competitive pressures that stem from the ready availability of attractively priced substitute products. B. the competitive pressures associated with the market maneuvering and jockeying for buyer patronage that goes on among rival sellers in the industry. C. the benefits that emerge from close collaboration with suppliers and the competitive pressures that such collaboration creates. D. the competitive pressures associated with the potential entry of new competitors. E. the bargaining power and leverage that large customers are able to exercise.
a
The real payoff of driving forces is to help managers understand: A. what strategy changes are needed to prepare for the impacts of the driving forces. B. the overall strength of the five competitive forces. C. whether the industry's strategic group map will be static or dynamic. D. what conditions exist in the economy at large.
c
The rivalry among competing sellers tends to be less intense when: A. industry conditions tempt competitors to use price cuts or other competitive weapons to boost unit sales. B. buyer demand is weak and many sellers have excess capacity and/or inventory. C. industry rivals are not particularly aggressive or active in making fresh moves to improve their market standing and business performance. D. rivals have diverse strategies and objectives and are located in different countries. E. rival sellers have weakly differentiated products.
a
The strength of competitive pressures that suppliers can exert on industry members is MAINLY a function of: A. whether needed inputs are in short supply and whether suppliers provide differentiated input that enhances performance of the product. B. whether suppliers self-manufacture what they supply or source their items from other manufacturers. C. whether the industry's position in the growth cycle is favorable. D. whether technological change in the businesses of suppliers is rapid or slow. E. whether the needs and expectations of supplier-seller relationships are changing slowly or rapidly.
d Driving-forces analysis has three steps: (1) identifying what the driving forces are, (2) assessing whether the drivers of change are, on the whole, acting to make the industry more or less attractive, and (3) determining what strategy changes are needed to prepare for the impact of the driving forces.
The task of driving-forces analysis is to: A. develop a comprehensive list of all the potential causes of changing industry conditions. B. predict which new driving forces will emerge next. C. determine which of the five competitive forces is the biggest driver of industry change. D. identify the driving forces, assess whether their impact will make the industry more or less attractive, and determine what strategy changes are needed to prepare for the impacts of the driving forces. E. learn what the industry key success factors are and how they might change in the future.
a
Using the five forces model of competition to determine the character and strength of the competitive forces within a given industry involves: A. building the picture of competition in three steps: (1) identify the different parties involved, along with specific factors that bring about competitive pressures; (2) evaluate how strong the pressures stemming from each of the five forces are (strong, moderate or weak); and (3) determining whether the collective impact of the five competitive forces is conducive to earning attractive profits in the industry. B. building the picture of competition in two steps: (1) determining which rival has the biggest competitive advantage and (2) assessing whether the competitive advantages possessed by various industry members allow most industry members to earn above-average profits. C. evaluating whether competition is being intensified or weakened by the industry's driving forces and key success factors. D. assessing whether the collective impact of all five forces is weak enough to allow industry members to go on the offensive or use a defensive strategy to insulate against fierce competitive pressures. E. gauging the overall strength of competition based on how many industry rivals are operating with a competitive advantage and how many are operating at a competitive disadvantage.
a
What is the best technique for revealing the different market or competitive position that rival firms occupy in the industry? A. Strategic group mapping B. PESTEL analysis C. Five forces framework D. The value net framework E. Competitor analysis
b
What makes the marketplace a competitive battlefield is: A. the race of industry members to build strong defenses against the industry's driving forces. B. the constant rivalry of firms to strengthen their standing with buyers and win a competitive edge over rivals. C. the ongoing race among rival sellers to have the highest-quality product. D. the ongoing efforts of industry members to introduce new and improved products/services at a faster rate than their rivals. E. the ongoing race among rivals to achieve the fastest rate of growth in revenues and profits.
e
Whether buyer bargaining power poses a strong or weak source of competitive pressure on industry members depends in part on: A. the degree to which buyers have any bargaining preferences and the extent to which buyers are price-sensitive. B. how many buyers are engaged in collaborative partnerships with sellers. C. whether entry barriers are high or low and the size of the pool of likely entry candidates. D. whether the overall quality of the items being furnished by industry members is rising or falling. E. whether demand-supply conditions represent a buyer's market or a seller's market.
b
Whether buyer-seller relationships in an industry represent a strong or weak source of competitive pressure is a function of: A. the speed with which general economic conditions and interest rates are changing. B. the extent to which buyers can exercise enough bargaining power to influence the conditions of sale in their favor and whether strategic partnerships between certain industry members can adversely affect other industry members. C. how many buyers purchase all of their requirements from a single seller versus how many purchase from several sellers. D. the number of buyers versus the number of sellers. E. whether industry members are spending more or less on advertising.
d
Whether supplier-seller relationships in an industry represent a strong or weak source of competitive pressure is a function of: A. whether the profits of suppliers are relatively high or low. B. the average number of suppliers that each seller/industry member purchases from. C. how aggressively rival industry members are trying to differentiate their products. D. whether demand for supplier products is high and they are in short supply. E. whether the prices of the items being furnished by the suppliers are rising or falling.
b
Which of the following factors is NOT a relevant consideration in determining the strength of buyer bargaining power? A. The relationship between the buyer market and seller market B. The degree to which the seller is a manufacturer of goods and services in substantial quantities C. The degree to which buyers pose a credible threat to integrate backward into the product market of sellers D. The degree to which buyers are well-informed about a seller's products, prices, and costs E. The degree to which industry goods are standardized and undifferentiated
a
Which of the following factors represents the strategically relevant political factors in the macro-environment that will influence the performance of all firms across the board? A. The strength of the federal banking system B. The exogenous forces related to the general environmental demand C. Social factors that could fuel a political agenda and create greater transparency D. Bailouts and energy policies that are industry-specific E. Tax policy, fiscal policy, and tariffs providing impetus for anti-trust matters
c
Which of the following is LIKELY to have the biggest strategy-shaping impact on mobile service providers? A. Coca-Cola launches mobile campaigns for community-connect and awareness. B. Discovery Channel launches a mobile game to promote its Gold Rush TV show. C. T-Mobile US signs a pact with Nokia Networks for greater spectrum support. D. Hugo Boss announces the launch of its fall/winter collection via mobile. E. Apple enters into a pact with PayPal to market its mobile wallet application.
b
Which of the following is NOT a factor that causes buyer bargaining power to be stronger? A. Some buyers are a threat to integrate backward into the business of sellers and become an important competitor. B. Buyers are small and numerous relative to sellers. C. Buyers have considerable discretion over whether and when they purchase the product. D. Buyers purchase the item frequently and are well-informed about sellers' products, prices, and costs. E. The costs incurred by buyers in switching to competing brands or to substitute products are relatively low.
c
Which of the following is NOT a good example of a substitute product that triggers stronger competitive pressures? A. A salad as a substitute for French fries B. Wireless phones as a substitute for wired telephones C. Coca-Cola as a substitute for Pepsi D. Snowboards as a substitute for snow skis E. Video-on-demand services from a cable TV company as a substitute for going to the movies
a
Which of the following is NOT a question asked to deduce a marketing-related key success factor? A. What are the industry product R&D capabilities and expertise in product design? B. On what basis do buyers choose between the competing brands of sellers? C. What product attributes and service characteristics are crucial? D. What resources must a company have to be competitive? E. What shortcomings are almost certain to put a company at a significant disadvantage?
b
Which of the following is NOT an integral part of driving-forces analysis? A. Determining whether forces are acting to cause fundamental changes in industry conditions and/or the industry's competitiveness B. Determining whether forces are acting to cause industry rivals to shift to a different strategic group C. Determining whether forces are acting to strengthen or weaken market demand D. Determining whether forces are acting to make competition more or less intense
a The five forces framework holds that competitive pressures on companies within an industry come from five sources. These include (1) competition from rival sellers, (2) competition from potential new entrants to the industry, (3) competition from producers of substitute products, (4) supplier bargaining power, and (5) customer bargaining power
Which of the following is NOT one of the five typical sources of competitive pressures? A. The power and influence of industry driving forces B. The bargaining power of suppliers and seller-supplier collaboration C. The threat of new entrants into the market D. The attempts of companies in other industries to win customers over to their own substitute products E. The market maneuvering and jockeying for buyer patronage that goes on among rival sellers in the industry.
e
Which of the following is NOT one of the principal components of strategic significance in the PESTEL analysis? A. Political factors including the extent to which government intervenes in the economy B. Economic conditions that include the general economic climate and specific factors such as interest rates, inflation rate, and unemployment rate, as well as conditions in the stock and bond markets that can affect consumer confidence C. Sociocultural forces including societal values, attitudes, cultural factors, and lifestyles that impact business D. Technological factors that include the pace of change and technical developments that have the potential for impacting society E. Environmental forces that include the competitive structure, the degree of industry fragmentation, and the mobility barriers that inhibit business
c
Which of the following is part of a company's macro-environment? A. Conditions outside the market B. European culture, values, and lifestyles C. The pace of technological change factors and legal and regulatory conditions D. The industry and competitive environment arena outside the company's operating territory E. The company's resource strengths, resource weaknesses, and competitive capabilities
c
Which of the following is part of a company's macro-environment? A. Conditions outside the market B. European culture, values, and lifestyles C. The pace of technological change factors and legal and regulatory conditions D. The industry and competitive environment arena outside the company's operating territory E. The company's resource strengths, resource weaknesses, and competitive capabilities
d
Which of the following pairs of variables is LEAST likely to be useful in drawing a strategic group map? A. Geographic market scope and degree of vertical integration B. Brand name reputation and distribution channel emphasis C. Product quality and product-line breadth D. Level of profitability and size of market share E. Price/perceived quality and image range and the extent of buyer appeal
e
With the aid of a strategic group map, one can: A. identify easily the entry and exit barriers for each strategic group. B. pinpoint precisely which firms are in profitable strategic groups and which are not. C. identify which competitive forces are strong and which are weak. D. measure accurately whether across-group rivalry is stronger than within-group rivalry, and vice versa. E. reveal which companies are close competitors and which are distant rivals, and that not all positions on the map are equally attractive.