Ch. 3

Exert 1 N for a distance of 1 m in 1 s and you deliver a power of

1 W

Find the kinetic energy of an 88-kg scooter moving 1.8 m/s. Kinetic energy=1/2mv^2

140 J

A 1000-kg car moving at 10 m/s that brakes to a stop in 5 s has an average braking force of

2000 N

A 4-kg ball has a momentum of 12 kg•m/s. What is the ball's speed?

3m/s

A 5-kg fish swimming at a speed of 1 m/s swallows an absent-minded 1-kg fish at rest. The speed of the larger fish after lunch is

5/6 m/s

Equate these two equations for acceleration and express, for constant mass. F deltat

F delta t= delta (mv)

The impulse-momentum relationship is a direct result of

Newton's second law

Which of the following has the largest momentum relative to Earth?

a pickup truck speeding along a highway

You're driving down the highway and a lovebug spatters onto your windshield. Which undergoes the greater force of impact?

both the same

Find the momentum change of the cart when an average force of 21 N exerted on a cart for 1.4 s.

delta p= 29 kg*m/s

Whereas impulse involves the time that a force acts, work involves the

distance that a force acts

A car that travels twice as fast as another car when braking to a stop will skid

four times as far

A clerk can lift containers a vertical distance of 1 m, or roll them up a 2-m-long ramp to the same elevation. With the ramp, the applied force needed is

half as much

A 1-kg ball dropped from a height of 2 m rebounds only 1.5 m after hitting the ground. The amount of energy converted to heat is about

more than 2.0 J

If you push for an hour against a stationary wall, you do no work

on the wall

Which has greater kinetic energy, a car traveling at 30 km/h or another car of half the mass traveling at 60 km/h?

the 60 km/hr car

A machine puts out 100 W of power for every 1000 W put into it. The efficiency of the machine is

10%

Suppose a miracle car has a 100% efficient engine and burns fuel having an energy content of 40 MJ/L. If the air resistance and overall frictional forces on this car traveling at highway speeds is 1000 N, what is the overall limit in distance per liter driven on the highway?

40 km

Exert 100 J in 50 s and your power output is

50 W

Using 1000 J of work, a toy elevator is raised from the ground floor to the second floor in 20 s. How much power does the elevator use?

50 W

A jack system will increase the potential energy of a heavy load by no more than 1000 J with a work input of 2000 J. The efficiency of the jack system is at most 20%. 80%. 10%. 50%. not enough information

50%

A common car engine is 20% efficient. When cruising, the car encounters an average retarding force of 1000 N. If the energy content of gasoline is 40 MJ/L, how many kilometers per liter does the car achieve?

8 km/L

When the velocity of an object is doubled, by what factor is its momentum changed? By what factor is its kinetic energy changed?

The momentum is doubled and the KE is increased by a factor of 4.

Which has greater kinetic energy? a 2-kg ball moving at 1 m/s a 1-kg ball moving at 2 m/s Both have the same kinetic energy.

a 1 kg ball moving at 2m/s

Which, if either, has greater momentum: a 1-kg ball moving at 2 m/s or a 2-kg ball moving at 1 m/s? a 1-kg ball moving at 2 m/s a 2-kg ball moving at 1 m/s Both have the same momentum.

both have the same momentum

Which requires more work: lifting a 50-kg sack vertically 2 m or lifting a 25-kg sack vertically 4 m?

both require the same amount of work

An open freight car rolls friction-free along a horizontal track in vertically pouring rain. As water accumulates in the car, its speed

decreases

Freddy Frog drops vertically from a tree onto a horizontally-moving skateboard. Immediately after landing on the skateboard, Freddy's speed

decreases

When a simple machine multiplies force, it decreases

distance moved

A simple machine CANNOT multiply

energy

The force that accelerates a rocket in outer space is exerted on the rocket by the

exhaust gases

Which of these forms of energy is NOT renewable? fossil fuel power solar power wind power hydraulic power

fossil fuel power

Lifting a 100-N load with 50 N of force lifts it

half as high

The ultimate source of energy from fossil fuels is the

sun

A 50-kg sack is lifted 2 m in the same time as a 25-kg sack is lifted 4 m. The power expended in raising the 50-kg sack compared to the power used to lift the 25-kg sack is

the same

If you do work on an object in half the time, your power output is

twice

The most energy per unit mass can be extracted from

uranium

If your friend pushes a stroller four times as far as you do while exerting only half the force, which one of you does more work? How much more?

your friend does twice as much work

A piece of putty moving with 1 unit of momentum strikes and sticks to a heavy bowling ball that is initially at rest. After the putty sticks to the ball, both move with a combined momentum of

1 unit

The force of a falling apple hitting the ground depends upon a) the time of contact with the ground. b) whether or not the apple bounces. c) the speed of the apple just before it hits. d) all of the above

d) all of the above

When bullets are fired from an airplane in the forward direction of motion, the momentum of the airplane

decreases

A cannonball fired from a long-barrel cannon will have a greater muzzle velocity because the cannonball receives a greater

impulse

According to the impulsemomentum equation Ft = change in mv, a bungee jumper in fall has momentum which is reduced by the force F exerted by the bungee cord. If m is the mass of the jumper, then v in the equation is the speed of the

jumper

Compared to a recoiling rifle, the bullet that is fired has a greater

kinetic energy

If a charging rhinoceros has momentum, it must also have

kinetic energy

A ball is projected into the air with 900 J of kinetic energy that is transformed to potential energy at the top of its trajectory. When it returns to its original level after encountering air resistance, its kinetic energy is

less than 900 J

A heavy truck and a small truck roll down a hill. Neglecting friction, at the bottom of the hill the heavy truck has greater

momentum

A boulder is dropped onto mud and plows into it a certain distance. If it hits with three times as much speed, the distance it plows into the mud will likely be

more than 3 times as deep

An object that has kinetic energy must be

moving

A sandbag is motionless in outer space. A second sandbag with 3 times the mass moving at 12 m/s collides with it and they both stick together and move at a speed of 3 m/s. 6 m/s. 8 m/s. 4 m/s. none of the above

none of the above

It is correct to say that impulse is equal to

the change in momentum

the most underlying feature of machines is: the conservation of energy, that energy input always equals energy output, the power input always equals power output, all of the above, none of the above

the conservation of energy

When you push an object a certain distance while applying twice the force, you do

twice as much work

A sandbag in outer space moves at 3 m/s when it collides and sticks to a half-as-massive sandbag initially at rest. Compared with the kinetic energy of the moving sandbag before collision, the kinetic energy of the coupled sandbags after collision is

two-thirds

If an object's kinetic energy is zero, what is its momentum?

zero

Recoil is noticeable if we throw a heavy ball while standing on a skateboard. If instead we go through the throwing motion but hold onto the ball, without friction effects our net recoil will be

zero

Two identical freight cars roll without friction towards each other on a level track. One car rolls at 2 m/s and the other car rolls at 1 m/s. After the cars collide, they couple and roll together with a speed of

.5 m/s

A 30-kg girl and a 25-kg boy face each other on friction-free roller blades. The girl pushes the boy, who moves away at a speed of 1.0 m/s. The girl's speed is

.83 m/s

Two billiard balls having the same mass roll toward each other at the same speed. What is the net momentum of the two-ball system?

0 kgxmeters/second

A 1-kg chunk of putty moving at 1 m/s collides and sticks to a 5-kg bowling ball initially at rest. The bowling ball and putty move with a momentum of

1 kg x m/s

A rifle of mass 2 kg is horizontally suspended by a pair of strings so that recoil can be measured. The rifle fires a bullet of mass 1/100 kg at a speed of 200 m/s. The recoil velocity of the rifle is about

1 m/s

Two identical gliders slide toward each other on an air track. One glider moves at 1 m/s and the other glider moves at 2 m/s. They collide and stick. The combined gliders move at

1/2 m/s

A 5-kg fish swimming at a speed of 1 m/s swallows an absent-minded 1-kg fish swimming toward it at 4 m/s. The speed of the larger fish after lunch is

1/6 m/s

Consider gliders that slide friction-free along a horizontal air track. Glider A has a mass of 1 kg, a speed of 1 m/s, and collides with glider B, which has a mass of 5 kg and is at rest. If they stick upon collision the speed the combined gliders will be

1/6 m/s

It takes 40 J to push a large crate 4 m across a floor. The force exerted on the crate is

10 N

A person on the edge of a roof throws a piece of tile downward that strikes the ground with 100 J of kinetic energy. Another identical tile is thrown upward with the same initial speed, and this too falls to the ground. Neglecting air resistance, the second tile hits the ground with a kinetic energy of

100 J

A ball is moving at 4 m/s and has a momentum of 48 kg•m/s. What is the ball's mass?

12 kg

When the input piston of a hydraulic press is depressed 20 cm, the output piston is observed to move 1 cm. An input force of 1 N can raise no more than

20 N

A bow is drawn so that it has 40 J of potential energy. When the arrow is fired its kinetic energy is ideally

40 J

A music console is pushed a distance of 2 m with a force of 20 N. The work done on the console is

40 J

A piece of taffy slams into and sticks to another identical piece of taffy that is at rest. The momentum of the two pieces of taffy stuck together after the collision is the same as it was before the collision. Kinetic energy is a different story, for part of it turns into heat. What percentage of the kinetic energy converts into heat?

50%

A sustained force of 42 N moves a model airplane 12 M along its runway to provide the required speed for takeoff. Find the kinetic energy at takeoff.

500 J

In raising a 5000-N piano with a pulley system, for every 1 m of rope pulled down, the piano rises 0.1 m. Ideally, this means the force needed to lift the piano is

500 N

A diver who weighs 500 N steps off a diving board 10 m above the water hits the water with kinetic energy of

5000 J

A simple lever is used to lift a heavy load. When a 68-N force pushes one end of the lever down 1.1 m , the load rises 0.26 m. How much work is done by the 68 N force? What is the gain in potential energy of the load? How does the work done compare with the increased potential energy of the load.

75 J 75 J They are the same.

A moving object has speed. momentum. velocity. energy. all of the above

all of the above

A freight train rolls along a track with considerable momentum. If it rolls at the same speed but has twice as much mass, its momentum is

doubled

When a non-hybrid car brakes to a stop its kinetic energy transforms to

heat

The speed of a bullet fired from a gun will be about the same as the speed of the recoiling gun

if the masses of the bullet and gun are equal

An object may have potential energy because of its mass speed location

location

A golf ball is thrown at and bounces backward from a massive bowling ball that is initially at rest. After the collision, compared to the golf ball, the bowling ball has more

momentum, but less kinetic energy

Suppose a gun were made of strong lightweight material with a pellet that is more massive than the gun. Then firing speed is greater for the

recoiling gun

No work is done by gravity on a bowling ball that rolls along a bowling alley because

the force on the ball is at right angles to the ball's motion.

A baseball and a golf ball have the same momentum. Which has the greater kinetic energy?

the golf ball

Consider driving into a massive concrete wall with no "give," versus having a head-on collision at the same speed with an identical car moving toward you at the same speed. It would be more damaging to hit the

the same

If you push an object twice as far while applying the same force, you do

twice as much work

The conservation of momentum is closely related to

Newton's 3rd law

Sam pushes crates starting from rest across the floor of his classroom of 3 s with a net force as shown above. For each crate, rank impulses delivered from greatest to least For each create, rank changes in momentum from greatest to least For each crate, rank final speeds grom greatest to least For each crate, rank momenta in 3 s from greatest to least

100N/30kg, 75N/20kg, and 50N/10kg 100N/30kg, 75N/20kg, and 50N/10kg 50N/10kg, 75N/20kg, and 100N/30kg 100N/30kg, 75N/20kg, and 50N/10kg

A car moves 4 times as fast as another identical car. Compared with the slower car, the faster car has

16 times the kinetic energy

A 2-kg mass that weighs 20 N has 40 J of potential energy relative to the ground. What is its height?

2 M

A 5000-kg freight car crashes into a 10,000-kg freight car at rest. They couple upon collision and move with a speed of 2 m/s. What was the initial speed of the 5000-kg freight car?

6m/s

A boxer punches a sheet of paper in midair from rest to a speed of 40 m/s in 0.05 s. If the mass of the paper is 0.01 kg, the force of the punch on the paper is

8.0 N

A 2-kg mass weighs 20 N and is held 4 m above the ground. Its potential energy relative to the ground is

80 J

Find what work is done when a 26N force moves a cart 3.2 m from its initial position. Work=force*distance

83 J

Imagine you're in a completely dark room with no windows and you cut a 1-ft2 round hole in the roof. When the Sun is high in the sky, about 100 W of solar power enters the hole. On the floor where the light hits, you place a beach ball covered with aluminum foil, with the shiny side out. Discuss the illumination in your room compared with that of a 100-W incandescent lightbulb?

Illumination by each would be much the same, 100 W.

A lunar vehicle is tested on Earth at a speed of 12 km/h. When it travels at the same speed on the Moon, is its momentum greater, less, or the same?

Its momentum is the same

When you jump from an elevated position you usually bend your knees upon reaching the ground. By doing this, the contact time is about 10 times more than for a stiff-legged landing and the average force your body experiences is reduced by

about 10 times

The massive ram of a pile driver falling from rest strikes a pile with a speed that depends on the initial height of the ram. distance the ram falls. initial potential energy of the ram. all of the above

all of the above

You're driving down the highway and a lovebug spatters onto your windshield. Which undergoes the greater impulse? the lovebug your car both the same

both the same

A car traveling along the highway needs a certain amount of braking force to stop. More braking force is required when the car a) has more mass but has the same speed and must stop in the same distance. b) has the same momentum but must stop in a shorter distance. c) has more momentum but must stop in the same distance. d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

A karate expert executes a swift blow and severs a brick with her bare hand. Equal magnitudes occur for the a) time of contact on both the block and the expert's hand. b) force on both the brick and the expert's hand. c) impulse on both the brick and the expert's hand. d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

A hydraulic press properly arranged, like a simple lever, is capable of multiplying energy input.

false

You use a straw for a pea shooter. The speed of the pea emerging from the straw when you blow through it will be greater if the straw is

full in length

A heavy truck and a small car rolling down a hill at the same speed are forced to stop in the same amount of time. Compared with the force to stop the car, the force needed to stop the truck is

greater

When an apple falls to the ground, momentum is transferred to the ground. The momentum absorbed by the ground is

greater than that of an apple if the apple bounces

When you are in the way of a fast-moving object and can't get escape, you will suffer a smaller force if the collision time is

long

Compared with falling on a wooden floor, a wine glass may not break when it falls on a carpeted floor because of

longer time to stop

When a cannon fires a cannonball at a given speed, the smaller recoil speed of the cannon is due to different

masses

A dog and a mouse run along a road with the same kinetic energy. The faster runner is the

mouse

A 1-N apple falls to the ground. The apple hits the ground with a force of 10 N. 2 N. 4 N. 1 N. not enough information

not enough information

From the same height you simultaneously drop a lightweight tennis ball and a heavyweight bowling ball. When they hit the floor they have the same

speed

Suppose an astronaut in outer space plays a solitary game of "throw, bounce, and catch" by tossing a ball against a very massive and perfectly elastic concrete wall.

the astronaut will never catch the first bounce

In order to catch a fast-moving softball with your bare hand, you extend your hand forward just before the catch and then let the ball ride backward with your hand. Doing this reduces the catching force because the

time of catch increased

The distinction between impulse and force involves the

time the force acts

Strictly speaking, if any electrical device in an automobile is turned on (such as an air conditioner, headlights, or radio), more fuel is consumed by the engine. This statement is

true

An object lifted 10 m gains a certain amount of potential energy. If it is lifted 20 m, its gain in potential energy is

twice as much

A 1000-kg car and a 2000-kg car are hoisted the same distance in a service station. Raising the more massive car requires

twice as much work