ch 3 & 5

a liposome is

1. an additive to creams and lotions 2. a drug-delivery vehicle

facilitated diffusion and active transport differ in that

ATP is necessary for active transport, but not for facilitated diffusion

the type of junction protein important in growth and development are

CAMs

saturation occurs when

a group of carrier proteins is operating at its maximum rate

from an organs lumen to the extracellular fluid

absorption

all but one of the structures listed below are a type of cell junction. Identify the exception.

adherens junctions

the term meaning programmed cell death is

apoptosis

which of the organelle that can digest the dead and worn out parts of the cell

autophage lysosomes

which of the following is NOT a molecule synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)? a. fatty acids b. steroids c. proteins d. lipids e. all of the above

c. proteins

the inside of a resting cell is slightly negative relative to the outside. this is an example of

chemical disequilibrium

epithelial cells that are adapted for membrane transport of materials, such as ions and nutrients, usually have _________ on their apical surface

cilia or flagella

plasma is to blood as __________ is to cytoplasm

cytosol

the means by which a cell transports large molecules out of the cell is called

exocytosis

if a cell lacked lysosomes, it would not be able to

digest cellular wastes and bacteria

functions of connective tissue include a. establishing a structural framework for the body b. transporting fluids and dissolved materials c. providing protection for delicate organs d. storing energy reserves e. all of the above

e. all of the above

the function(s) of cytoskeleton a. cell shape b. internal organization c. intracellular transport d. movement e. all of the above

e. all of the above

the gated channels in the cell membrane of nerves open under which influence a. electrical stimuli b. chemical stimuli c. mechanical stimuli d. vibrating stimuli e. all of the above

e. all of the above

all of the structures listed below are involved in storage, EXCEPT a. lysosomes b. peroxisomes c. secretory vesicles d. storage vesicles e. all of the above are involved in cellular storage

e. all of the above are involved in a cellular storage

glands that secrete hormones into the blood via tissue fluids are

endocrine glands

pinocytosis and potocytosis are types of

endocytosis

close examination of an organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessel and one surface of the cells faces the internal cavity of the organ. This tissue is probably

epithelium

the lumen of a hollow organ such as the stomach is considered to be part of the __________ environment

external

the watery medium that surrounds a cell is known as

extracellular fluid

which of the following is a way for solutes in an aqueous solution to move from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration

facilitated diffusion

modifies proteins and packages them into secretory vesicles for export from the cell

golgi apparatus

renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of the

golgi complex

hyposmostic solutions

have lower concentrations of solutes than hyperosmotic solutions

substances that readily dissolve in water and do not readily dissolve in lipids are

hydrophilic and lipophobic

water will always move from ____________ areas to ____________ areas, if there are no impermeable barriers

hyposmotic, hyperosmotic

microvilli are found

in cells that are actively engaged in absorption

function of microvilli, often seen on the apical membrane of transporting epithelia, is to

increase the cells surface area

which body fluid compartment contains high levels of K+, large anions, and proteins

intracellular fluid

which of the following statements about the resting membrane potential is TRUE

it is due in part to the presence of extracellular proteins

which of the following molecules can move across the phospholipid bilayer by simple diffusion

lipids

the space that is surrounded by the tissue wall of hollow organs is known as the

lumen

Tay-Sachs is a disease caused by having ineffective

lysosomes

the digestive system of a cell, degrading and/or recycling bacterial or organic components

lysosomes

permeability is a property of

membranes

most of the ATP required to power cellular operations is produced in the

mitochondria

the "powerhouse" of the cell, the ATP is produced here

mitochondria

which of the following statements is NOT true regarding mitochondria

mitochondria can replicate themselves only when directed by the cells nuclear DNA

the absorption in the epithelia

movement of substances from the apical side to the baseolateral membrane

in an epithelium, the apical membrane is also known as the __________ membrane

mucosal

which type of stem cells were found in differentiated adult tissues like in the bone marrow

multipotent

the tissue(s) that is/are considered excitable because of the ability to generate electrical signals is/are called

muscle and neural tissues

passive transport refer to a process that requires

no energy at all

whats the perfusion you will prefer to infuse a patient who just lost more than 1 liter of blood

normal saline NaCl .9%

which ions render more negative inside the cell membrane

organic ions

movement of material between cells is known as the _________ pathway

paracellular

between adjacent cells

paracellular transport

these degrade long chain fatty acids and toxic foreign molecules

peroxisomes

what are the two extracellular fluid compartments in the body

plasma and interstitial

which body fluid compartment contains higher levels of Na+, Cl-, and HCO3-

plasma and interstitial fluid

which of the following term is NOT used to define the structure that separates the contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium

plasmalemma

bulk flow is a fluid flow as a result of a ______________ gradient

pressure

which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins

produce energy

cations will ____________ each other

repel

movement from the extracellular fluid into the lumen of an organ

secretion

water is a polar molecule, yet it easily moves through the nonpolar portions of cell membranes. Which transport process is responsible

simple diffusion

the heaviest organ in the body is the

skin

what are lipid rafts

sphingolipids that stick up above the phospholipids of the membrane, typical for placental tissues

which does NOT accurately complete the sentence? One of the major functions of BOTH types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the

storage of genetic material for the cell

functions of epithelia include all the following EXCEPT

storing energy reserves

with help of a channel the sodium diffuses inside through the cell membrane accompanied by glucose. This will be an example of

symport

what is/are the major role(s) of the phospholipid bilayer

the absorption of fats

the basic structural and functional unit of the human body is

the cell

the lysosomes besides secreting powerful enzymes they have also this particularity

the inside lysosome is highly acidic

each of the following statements concerning mitochondria are TRUE except one. Identify the exception.

the mitochondria contain no DNA or RNA

the distinguishing characteristic of connective tissue is

the presence of extensive extracellular matrix containing widely scattered cells

the term secretion refers to

the process by which a cell releases a substance into the extracellular space

after a sunburn, you can peel off your dead skin in relatively large sheets because of the presence of this type of junction

tight

by which law we predict the movement of solvent through the semi permeable membrane of the blood cell

tonicity

in one side of a cell and out the other

transcellular transport

if an animal cell lacked centrioles, it would not be able to

undergo nuclear division

peroxisomes

use an enzyme to destroy H2O2 that is toxic to the cell