ch. 3 Biol-101
How many liters of water does an average human replace each day by consuming food?
1.5
Which cell component provides support to maintain plant cell shape?
Central vacuole
Which organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
Chloroplast
Which process moves oxygen from the lungs into the blood?
Diffusion
Why is fiber important for a healthy diet?
Fiber helps maintain healthy cholesterol levels.
Hani has a corporate desk job. She usually drinks about 1.5 liters of water each day and eats a healthy diet. One Saturday, Hani consumes trail mix, dried fruit, and 3 liters of water on a day-long hike. Why might she still get dehydrated on the hike?
Hiking will cause Hani to sweat more than she does at work.
What cell structure is involved in the digestion of substances in cells?
Lysosome
How are minerals different from vitamins?
Minerals are inorganic molecules.
Which food's components could be recycled by cells to build plasma membranes?
Olive oil
Why are whole foods better for your health than processed foods?
Processed foods have been stripped of vitamins and minerals
Which molecules allow the transport of substances across the plasma membrane in plant and animal cells?
Proteins
Which food may provide your body with the most micronutrients?
Raw broccoli
Which food contains high levels of complex carbohydrates and fiber?
Seven-grain bread
Imagine a balloon is made from a membrane that's permeable to water but not sugar molecules. How would the balloon be affected if it is filled with a 50% sugar solution and then placed in a beaker of water?
The balloon would get larger as it gains water.
How would the permeability of the phospholipid bilayer of plasma membranes be described?
The bilayer is differentially permeable.
Which vitamin is fat soluble?
Vitamin E
Which components form the structure of the plasma membrane?
a double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins
What is a saturated fat?
a tightly packed, solid structure with no double bonds
What are the protein pores in the plasma membrane that allow water to enter cells?
aquaporins
Which macronutrient is the major source of energy for cells?
carbohydrates
Which cell component has barrel-shaped rings of microtubules to anchor structures and move chromosomes during animal cell division?
centriole
Which organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
chloroplast
What is a deficiency of water in the body?
dehydration
Extremely small viruses are still too large to enter cells by passive transport. What process brings viruses into a host cell?
endocytosis
Which organelle is a network of membranes involved in the production of proteins?
endoplasmic reticulum
How would amino acids and calcium ions from the bloodstream move across a plasma membrane?
facilitated diffusion
Which food would contain all essential amino acids?
fish
If a drop of purple dye is added to a water-filled vase of white flowers, how will the purple dye move through the water?
from high concentrations of purple dye to low concentrations
Which process does not involve molecules moving across cell membranes?
hydrogenation
What are nutrients that the human body requires in large quantities?
macronutrients
Which organelle performs cellular respiration?
mitochondrion
In which eukaryotic cell structure are ribosomes made?
nucleolus
How are large substances moved during exocytosis?
out of the cell
Which process involves the movement of molecules or atoms down a concentration gradient across plasma membranes?
passive transport
What type of molecules, embedded in phospholipid bilayers, transport hydrophilic molecules into or out of the cell?
proteins
What is the liquid interior of the chloroplast called?
stroma
Why do commercial food manufacturers hydrogenate foods?
to solidify vegetable oil for a longer shelf life
A plant is suffering from drought and beginning to wilt. Which cell component is affected and what type of molecule is being lost from this structure?
vacuole; water
Which food is rich in complex carbohydrates?
wheat bread
