Ch. 3 Cells LearnSmart

Select all of the following that are present at the connection between normal cells of multicellular organisms: Centrioles for coordination of cell division A way for cells to adhere to one another Ways that cells can communicate with each other Organelles for producing food molecules shared between cells

A way for cells to adhere to one another and ways that cells can communicate with each other

Select all of the following that are true about eukaryotic flagella

Anchored by basal body, prominent in sperm cells, and contain microtubules

_____ junctions link cytoskeletal filaments of adjacent animal cells in one place, like a rivet

Anchoring

Select all of the following types of cells that usually possess cell walls: Archaeal Algal Bacterial Animal Plant Fungal

Archaeal, algal, bacterial, plant, and fungal

Match the organisms with their correct cell wall composition Bacteria: Plant: Animal: Fungi:

Bacteria: peptidoglycan Plant: cellulose and lignin Animal: cell wall absent Fungi: chitin

The cell walls of plants are primarily made of _____ molecules, which form large, strong fibrils

Cellulose

Each centrosome in animal cells contains two _____, which form basal bodies of flagella and cilia and spindle fibers of chromosomal division

Centrioles

In animal cells, structures called _____ are microtubule-organizing centers that contain centrioles

Centrosomes

Short , numerous, hairlike structures that surround some cells like a fringe, are powered by microtubules, and have coordinated movements are called _____

Cilia

Some protists, like Paramecium, are able to move through a watery environment with thousands of short extensions on the cell called _____

Cilia

Select all of the locomotory structures that consist of nine microtubule pairs surrounding two separate microtubules and connected by dynein protein.

Cilia and flagella

Although both are involved in movement and arise from basal bodies of microtubules, _____ are short and numerous extensions, whereas _____ are longer and occur singly or in pairs

Cilia; flagella

Defective proteins, such as ankyrin and dystrophin, and impact injuries to brain cells can disrupt the normal structural support provided by the _____ and cause the cells to degenerate

Cytoskeleton

In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, cells lack the protein dystrophin, which is a component of the _____ in muscle cells

Cytoskeleton

Three types of protein filament comprise the _____, which is a network of proteins that provide a structural framework within the cell

Cytoskeleton

The _____ is a protein network that occurs within the cytoplasm that provides support and helps in _____

Cytoskeleton; cell to cell connections

In animal tissues where cells are not in direct contact with each other, what holds cells together and coordinates cell activities?

Extracellular matrix

Outside of the cell membrane in many animal cells is the _____, which holds the cells together and coordinates some activities between cells

Extracellular matrix

What eukaryotic cellular extension is long, has a whiplike motion that propels cells, and usually occurs singly or in pairs?

Flagellum

The cell wall openings in plant cells celled plasmodesmata are most similar to _____ junctions in animal cells

Gap

_____ junctions are pores for rapid chemical exchange

Gap

Select all of the following that are roles of cell walls: Embedded proteins transport materials into and out of the cell Help determine cell specialization Provide shape Regulate cell volume

Help determine cell specialization, provide shape, and regulate cell volume

Cytoskeletal components called _____ filaments are made of different proteins depending upon the cell type and help maintain cell shape and bind some cells together.

Intermediate

Cytoskeletal components called _____ are long, thin rods of actin protein that are used in muscle contractions, stretching and compression, and anchoring of cells

Microfilaments

Which of the three main components of the cytoskeleton is composed of tubulin protein subunits and is used in cell division and transportation within cells?

Microtubules

The _____ _____ is the layer between adjacent plant cells

Middle lamella

What is the structure between two plant cells?

Plasmodesma

Water, nutrients, cytoplasm, hormones, and some organelles flow between adjacent plant cells through special channels in the cell wall called _____

Plasmodesmata

What plant structure can play a role in the spread of viruses from cell to cell?

Plasmodesmata

Match each type of intercellular junction with its correct description: Tunnels for the exchange of substances between adjacent plant cells Channels for the exchange of substances between adjacent animal cells Fuse cell membranes of adjacent animal cells, forming a barrier Connect animal cells to the extracellular matrix or to adjacent animal cells in one place

Plasmodesmata: tunnels for the exchange of substances between adjacent plant cells Tight junctions: fuse cell membranes of adjacent animals cells, forming a barrier Anchoring junctions: connect animal cells to the extracellular matrix or to adjacent animal cells in one place Gap junctions: channels for the exchange of substances between adjacent animal cells

The _____ cell wall forms first and is the outermost layer of the plant cell wall; that is, it's the farthest from the _____ membrane

Primary; plasma

The _____ cell wall forms between the cell membrane and the membrane and the _____ cell wall

Secondary; primary

_____ junctions do not allow materials to move between cells

Tight