Ch 3, Combine Sets
___ is a process that involves an individual comparing perceptions of his or her of performance with those of managers, subordinates and peers.
360-degree feedback
In the organizing framework A. Inputs lead to processes, which lead to outcomes B. Inputs lead directly to outcomes C. Outcomes never affect inputs D. Outcomes never affect processes E. Inputs are unrelated to processes
A. Inputs lead to processes, which lead to outcomes
Nora wants to be a buyer for marstons stores. She knows that they are looking for outgoing social people. She purposely tries to present herself as an extravert on the personality test that she takes even though she is shy and retiring. What is the likely result of this? A. Nora might get the job, but find she is unhappy in the role B. Nora will not get the job. It is impossible to "fake" your personality on a test C. Nora will get the job. The test is simply pro forma and no one looks at the results D. The test will show that Nora is unstable E. The test will flag Nora as someone who is not truthful and should not be hired by the company
A. Nora might not get the job, but find she is unhappy in the role
The components of attitudes include
Affective, cognitive, and behavioral
___ is an artificial intervention aimed at giving management a chance to correct an imbalance, injustice, mistake, or outright discrimination that occurred in the past
Affirmative Action
Which one of the following is not a difference between affirmative action and diversity management?
Affirmative action only refers to mandatory programs.
________ are the phases of organizational socialization.
Anticipatory, encounter, and change and acquisition
faking,
As a result, the rankings of the candidates who take the test may be affected by their ability to fake desired qualities. Some experts believe that this is a serious problem. In fact, it is estimated that 20-50% of all job applicants give fake responses in personality tests.It is even possible that the ability to fake is related to a personality trait that increases success at work, such as self monitoring. This issue raises potential questions regarding whether personality tests are the most effective way of measuring candidate personality. Scores are not only distorted because of some candidates faking better than others. Therefore, using self-report measures of performance may not be the best way of measuring someone's personality, whereas asking our former colleagues or supervisors may reveal more accurate answers.
___ is based on a simple premise: Rightly or wrongly, people infer causes for their own and others' behavior.
Attribution theory
Which of the following is not a layer of diversity
Attributional
Kelley hypothesized that people make casual attributions by observing A. External and internal factors and perceptions B. Consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency C. Effort, consistency, and ability D. Implicit and explicit factors E. Stereotypes and implicit cognition
B. Consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency
Emily is part of a team working on a project. Veronica's role on this is to update and present status reports to management. Emily knows that Veronica's reports do not show the delays that have occurred, but she doesn't say anything because she does not want upper management more involved. Which of the following is emily exhibiting? A. Ill-conceived goals B. Motivated blindness C. Indirect blindness D. The slippery slope E. Overvaluing outcomes
B. Motivated blindness
Mason is highly satisfied with his job. He receives consistently strong evaluations and volunteers to train new employees. Mason exhibits positive job performance and A. Community involvement B. Organizational citizenship behaviors C. Genetic components D. Withdrawal cognitions E. Personal motivation
B. Organizational citizenship behaviors
The generation described as workaholic, idealistic, competitive, and materialistic is
Baby Boomers
Dawn is at the playground with her four-year-old daughter. The father of another child is yelling and cursing at him. Dawn decides to tell the father to stop the verbal abuse or leave the playground, or she will call the authorities. Dawn's behavior reflects the ___ component of her attitude.
Behavioral
Dawn is at the playground with her four-year-old daughter. The father of another child is yelling and cursing at him. Dawn decides to tell the father to stop the verbal abuse or leave the playground, or she will call the authorities. Dawn's behavior reflects the ________ component of her attitude.
Behavioral
___ goals are most relevant for knowledge work.
Behavioral
The existence of implicit cognition leads people to make ___ decisions without realizing they are doing so.
Biased
Len is the top swimmer on his school's team. Star athletes are likely to be high in ___ intelligence
Bodily-kinesthetic
According to research, the relationship between job performance and job satisfaction is best summarized by which of the following statements?
Both variables indirectly influence each other
Federico loves to spend his free time helping coach a youth soccer team. He not only volunteers his time, but also actively fundraises to support the team with equipment and uniforms. This reflects the ____ value in Schwart's model A. Universalism B. Self-direction C. Benevolence D. Security E. Stimulation
C. Benevolence
Janell is having an argument with her father. He believes that focusing on her computer knowledge (hard skills) is the most important of janell's college experience. Janell disagrees, arguing that ____ is/are the more critical and will help her in the hiring process. A. Problem solving B. Self-awareness C. Soft skills D. An ethical perspective E. Business knowledge
C. Soft skills
Affirmative action plans
Can negatively affect women and minorities
___ are suspected or inferred causes of behavior
Causal Attributions
Which of the following is not a best practice for becoming more productive?
Check social media every two hours
Tonya believes that cell phone use—even in public places like trains and restaurants—is acceptable because it helps people manage their busy lives. Tonya's belief reflects the ________ component of her attitude.
Cognitive
___ is the psychological discomfort a person experiences when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions.
Cognitive Dissonance
Which of the following is not one of the predominant models of the causes of job satisfaction?
Cognitive dissonance
The ________ framework provides a practical way for managers to understand, measure, and change organizational culture.
Competing values
___ is the personality trait with the strongest positive relationship with job performance.
Conscientiousness
Samuel values his tradition and conformity. Not surprisingly, family time is very important to him. His employer, Stillman & Songs, expects him to work on holidays. Stillman & Sons and Sauel do not share the values of
Conservation
"what are the different needs that activate motivation's direction, intensity, and persistence?" This statement reflects which theories of motivation
Content
________ provides broad and useful ways to describe personality in terms of our individual differences in self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, and emotional stability.
Core self-evaluation
People's with high ___ see themselves as capable and effective
Core self-evaluations
___ provides broad and useful ways to describe personality in terms of our individual differences in self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, and emotional stability
Core-self evaluation
People who are high on openness to experience are likely to demonstrate
Curiosity and broad-mindedness
Instrumental Value
Deal with views on acceptable modes of conduct, such as being honest and ethical and being ambitious
Person- Job Fit
Degree to which a person's skill, knowledge, abilities and other characteristics match the job demands
________ occurs when a facially neutral employment practice disproportionately excludes a protected group from employment opportunities.
Disparate impact
Peter Quill (aka Star Lord) and Rocket (aka 89P13) both applied for a job as a trainee pilot with NovaCorps. Despite both having similar profiles, Peter was hired but Rocket was not, and NovaCorps continued to look for other pilots. In this case, Rocket was a possible victim of
Disparate treatment
Jonathan decides that rather than hire an employee to replace someone who left, he will eliminate the position. Jonathan is
Dissolving the problem
Distinctiveness
Does this person behave the same way across different situations
Consistency
Does this person behave the same way in different occasions in the same situation
Consensus
Does this person behave the same way?
Which of the following statements is true of the strategic implementation stage of the strategic management process?
During this stage, an organization follows through on a strategy chosen in the strategy formulation stage
_______ is the personality trait with the strongest positive relationship with job performance A. Extraversion B. Emotional stability C. Proactivity D. Agreeableness E. Conscientiousness
E. Conscientiousness
Francois endures constant criticism at his job because of where he is from. His ability to endure the crisiticism is due to ________ intelligence A. Musical B. Naturalist C. Linguistic D. Interpersonal E. Intrapersonal
E. Intrapersonal
Which of the following is not one of the basic dimensions of the Big Five personality dimensions?
Emotional Intelligence
___ is the ability to monitor one's own and other's feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one's thinking and actions.
Emotional Intelligence
___ are complex, relatively brief responses aimed at a particular target
Emotions
________ are complex, relatively brief responses aimed at a particular target.
Emotions
___ is the harnessing of organization members' selves to their work roles.
Employee engagement
In which stage of the organizational socialization process would an onboarding program be provided?
Encounter
Terminal Values
End states people desire in life, such as leading a prosperous life and a world at peace
Maria focuses on community volunteerism, while Anna focuses on getting a promotion at work. ___ are represented by Maria's and Anna's focuses.
Endpoints of one of the dimensions of values
Which of the following agencies is responsible for enforcing Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act?
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Peter offers his manager some suggestions for a new holiday display. His manager shrugs his shoulders and tells Peter that the display is all set. Then Sarah approaches the manager with an idea for the display, and the manager tells her that its a great idea. ___ theory is the model of motivation that explains how peter is striving for fairness and justice.
Equity
The idea underlying the ____ model is that satisfaction is tied to how fairly an individual is treated at work
Equity
Waco Company monitors employees' perceptions of fairness by quarterly surveys and occasional focus groups. Management is following the ___ model.
Equity
________ values are the explicitly stated values and norms that are preferred by an organization.
Espoused
___ highlight the fact that choosing among available options is not always a choice between right and wrong.
Ethical dilemmas
Rachel gets her midterm grades and finds that she has a 2.4 in OB. She expected a better grade point average to date. Rachel is ___ her performance.
Evaluating
Jake made a mistake on the manufacturing line, and it ended up costing the company a significant contract. When asked why this had occurred, he blamed the line manager for poor quality checking. Jake is expressing
External locus of control
Lenore has a fight with her best friend, Samantha, and doesn't want to speak to her. She unfriends her on social media. By doing this, Lenore is using ___, thereby removing consequences from an undesirable behavior.
Extinction
People who are outgoing, talkative, sociable, and assertive are likely to score high on
Extraversion
Expectancy theory is a model of motivation that explains how people strive for fairness
False
___ is information about performance shared with those in a position to improve the situation.
Feedback
The term___ identifies an invisible but absolute barrier that prevents women from advancing to higher-level positions.
Glass ceiling
Three months ago, XYZ Corporation changed the way the typing pool is organized from a self-managed team to a more traditional structure in which employees receive their assignments from a direct supervisor. Since then, three of the seven employees have left the organization. ___ is the OB perspective applied here
Group
A(n) ________ culture develops reliable internal processes, extensive measurement, and a variety of control mechanisms.
Hierarchy
Of the approaches to job design, ___ is the most recently evolved and attempts to merge earlier perspectives.
I-deals
___ are goals and incentives set to promote a desired behavior, but instead encourage a negative one.
Ill-conceived goals
Which of the following statements is true of the administrative linkage level between the human resource management function and the strategic management function?
In this level, the human resource management department is completely divorced from any component of the strategic management process.
Deep-level characteristics of diversity
Include attitudes, opinions and values
Pat is applying for anew job. Which of the following will help her online "image"?
Include information on her volunteer activities
___ is(are) when we hold others less accountable for unethical behavior that is carried out through third parties.
Indirect blindness
Alexa quit her job because she felt it was boring. This would be diagnosed as a(n) ___ level problem
Individual
In the Organizing Framework,
Inputs lead to processes, which lead to outcomes.
___ is how an individual perceives the movement from performance to outcome
Instrumentality
_______________ are the key links between _____________ in Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior.
Intentions; attitudes and planned behavior
"Different people may perceive similar situations in different ways and similar people may perceive different situations in the same way." This represents the ___ perspective.
Interactional
___ intelligence is the potential to understand and regulate oneself.
Intrapersonal
________ intelligence is the potential to understand and regulate oneself.
Intrapersonal
___ results when an individual gains satisfaction and self-praise from an assignment.
Intrinsic motivation
Which of the following statements is true of the SWOT analysis?
It gives the strategic planning team of an organization all the information it needs to generate a number of strategic alternatives.
Which of the following is true of one-way linkage?
It precludes the company from considering human resource issues while formulating the strategic plan
___ is defined as the physical and cognitive changes individuals make in the task or relational boundaries of their work.
Job crafting
Which of the following is not an appropriate measure of goal achievement?
Lack of interpersonal conflict
Vivek and Warren are working on an assignment for their marketing class. Warren finished his part of the assignment; Vivek doesn't. Vivek apologizes because he took an extra shift at work and didn't give the assignment for the priority it needed. He promises Warren he will stay home tonight and finish his work. what personality characteristic does this show?
Locus of Control
___ intelligence will be most closely related to a performance on tests like the Scholastic Aptitude Test and the Graduate Management Admissions Test.
Logical-mathematical
___ states that motivation is a function of five basic needs that are met sequentially
Maslow's need hierarchy theory
Which of the following statements is true?
Motivated blindness occurs when we overlook the unethical behavior of another because its in our interest to remain ignorant
___ is the psychological process that arouses our interest in doing something.
Motivation
___ are physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior
Needs
Elaine often volunteers to help others when they run into problems with their projects. She is very positive, always on time, and never calls in sick. Exhibiting ________ is likely to create positive impressions among Elaine's colleagues and manager.
OCB
Which of the following agencies or institutions is responsible for enforcing the executive orders that cover companies doing business with the federal government?
Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs
Letitia reports to work at Apex Inc. This is her first day. Human resources tells Letitia to report to a conference room so that she can review the company's mission statement and policies, go over her job description, and learn about the technology systems in use. This type of experience is an ___ program.
Onboarding
________ is associated with entrepreneurialism.
Openness to experience
Personality Big Five Traits
Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism
Recently, the Acme Explosives Company was sold to a new owner, Roadrunner Inc. The operations of the two organizations re going to be merged, with several of the manufacturing locations possibly to be eliminated. ___ is the most likely OB perspective to apply.
Organizational
Mason is highly satisfied with his job. He receives consistently strong evaluations and volunteers to train new employees. Mason exhibits positive job performance and
Organizational Citizenship Behaviors
___ is the extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals.
Organizational commitment
________ is the set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments.
Organizational culture
Which of the following statements about organizational culture is true?
Organizations tend to have one dominant type of culture.
___ is when we give a pass to unethical behavior if the outcome is good.
Overvaluing Outcomes
Angela works for a company that does not provide good health benefits or career opportunities. Her ___ is most likely to be negative.
POS (Perceived Organizational Support)
___ is the popular term for linking monetary incentives with results or accomplishments
Pay for performance
Alana looks at the clouds and sees flowers. Her brother, Sammy, looks at the same clouds and sees jellyfish. Alana and Sammy have different
Perceptions
___ is the set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluation, and providing consequences for performance expectations.
Performance Management
___, with which you can build goodwill, include personality, teamwork and leadership.
Personal Attributes
___ is the combination of stable physical, behavioral, and mental characteristics that gives individuals their unique identity.
Personality
Personality Testing in Employee Selection
Personality is a potentially important predictor of work behavior. Matching people to jobs matters, because when people do not fit with their jobs or the company, they are more likely to leave, costing companies as much as a person's annual salary to replace them. One method some companies use to improve this match and detect the people who are potentially good job candidates is personality testing. A key consideration in this debate is the knowledge that how a personality test is used influences its validity. Another problem with personality tests is the uncertain relationship between performance and personality. Research has shown that personality is not a particularly strong indicator of how a person will perform at work. According to one estimate, personality only explains about 10-15% of variation in job performance. In any case, if you decide to use personality tests for selection, you need to be aware of their limitations. Relying only on personality tests for selection of an employee is a bad idea, but if they are used together with other tests such as tests of cognitive abilities, better decisions may be made. the company should ensure that the test fits the job and actually predicts performance. This process is called validating the test.
In Maslow's needs hierarchy theory, ___ is the lowest level and ___ is the highest level
Physiological; self- actualization
Other Personality Traits
Positive affective people experience positive moods more frequently. Negative affective people look at the glass as half empty and experience anxiety and nervousness.
A(n) ___ is someone who is relatively unconstrained by situational forces and who effects environmental change.
Proactive Person
Other Personality Traits Pt. 3
Proactive personality refers to a person's inclination to fix what is perceived as wrong, change the status quo and use initiative to solve problems.
___ is associated with entrepreneurialism.
Proactivity
Claire works for Content Consultants. she telecommutes and has great flexibility in her work schedule. In return, Content Consultants expects to have satisfied clients who hire them again. Claire receives consistently high evaluations. Despite that, the company now wants her to work out of the main office. Claire feels that Content Consultants has breached a(n)
Psychological Contract
Marion, a shift supervisor, is keeping a performance diary for each of there employees. This mechanism can ___ performance appraisals.
Reduce Bias in
Person-Organization Fit
Refers to the degree to which a person's values, personality, goals and other characteristics match those of the organization
Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) harms other employees, the organization as a whole, and organizational stakeholders such as customers and shareholders. Which of the following is not an example of CWB?
Reporting unethical behavior poor financial results at the quarterly meeting
Which of the following statements about organizational socialization is false?
Research shows that realistic job previews do not help reduce turnover.
What kind of a response is a manager making when he or she chooses a satisfactory, but not ideal, solution?
Resolving
Discretionary individual behavior that promotes the effective functioning of the organization is called organizational citizenship behavior. ___ is an example of OCB.
Respecting the spirit as well as the letter of housekeeping rules
Ethics is primarily concerned with
Right and Wrong
The process by which a firm attempts to identify job applicants with the necessary knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics that will help the firm achieve its goals is known as ________.
Selection
Other Personality Traits Pt. 2
Self Monitoring refers to the extent to which a person is capable of monitoring his or her actions and appearance in social situations.
___ is knowing who you are and what you want
Self-awareness
___ theory assumes that competency, autonomy, and relatedness influence our behavior and well-being.
Self-determination
Sandra has a new assignment. she is confident that she can successfully complete the task. This is an example of
Self-efficacy
Trevor is an overachiever. This brother calls him ambitious and power hunger. Trevor exemplifies the ___ dimension.
Self-enhancement
___ is your general belief about your own self-worth
Self-esteem
Person factors and ___ are the two broad categories of OB concepts and theories.
Situation Factors
Problem solving and critical thinking are ___ because they use logic and reasoning to develop and evaluate options.
Soft skills
Halim hires a new employee who best meets the characteristics he is looking for in the ideal employee. He is
Solving the Problem
Values
Stable life goals people have, reflecting what is most important to them. They are established by accumulating life experiences and tend to be relatively stable.
On the first day of class, Professor Simmons explains what the goals of the course are and what he expects of his students. This represents ___ of effective performance management.
Step 1, Defining Performance
A(n) ___is an individual's set of beliefs about the characteristics of a group.
Stereotype
Social Perception
Stereotypes, self fulfilling prophecy and selective perception
John hasn't started working on his term paper. He wants to do well in the course, but he's struggling with how to identify a solid topic and start an outline. Most of the other students appear to be moving ahead. John is procrastination because he is
Stressed
Saying, "You've got to pay your dues" is another way to promote the status quo. This is an example of the ___ option that organizations can use to address any type of diversity issue.
Suppress
___ characteristics are quickly apparent to interactants
Surface-level
Ellen has worked on a project to market a new medication from beginning to end- advertising, packaging, etc. The design program wins and award. Ellen's ___ is high.
Task identity
___ is one element that allows employees to balance their work lives and family lives.
Telecommuting
Self Effacement Bias
Tendency for people to underestimate their performance, undervalue capabilities and see events in a way that puts them in a more negative light
Self Perception Bias
Tendency to overestimate our performance and capabilities and see ourselves in a more positive light then others do.
Alliance Partners, Strategic Knowledge Workers, Supporting Labor and Core Employees describe
The four contract relationships of the Human Capital Architecture
The idea of perceived organizational support (POS) is that if treated well, employees are motivated by:
The norm of reciprocity.
Which of the following statements is true of two-way linkages?
The strategic planning function and the human resource management function are interdependent.
According to ___, the typical perspective held by managers is that employees dislike work, must be monitored, and can be motivated only with rewards and punishment ("carrots and sticks")
Theory X
At Cornet Company, employees and teams had higher performance, greater job satisfaction, and increased organizational commitment when their managers showed ___ behaviors.
Theory Y
Which of the following states that it is illegal for an employer to refuse to hire an individual or otherwise discriminate against this individual with respect to compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin?
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Brenda has two exams and a research paper scheduled within the next 10 days. She creates a study plan in which she studies an hour a day for each exam and devotes an addition 90 minutes to her research paper. On Tuesday and Wednesday, Brenda is invited to go out with her friends. Instead, she stays at home and sticks with her study plan because she knows this will help her learn more effectively.
True
Collecting performance information from multiple sources helps a person being evaluated to get a broad view of his or her performance.
True
In equity theory, you compare your outputs and inputs to those of another person
True
Maslow's need hierarchy and Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theories are both examples of process theories.
True
Negative feedback can have a positive motivational effect
True
The acquired needs identified y McClelland include the need for achievement, the need for affiliation, and he need for esteem.
True
The functions of performance management processes include guiding employee development and making employee-related decisions.
True
False Consensus Error
We overestimate how similar we are to others
Individual differences around the globe
When we refer to a country's culture we are referring to values that distinguish on nation from another.
Jason is working at Sushow Motors. The position, as originally described, involved conducting research with customers. Instead, Jason is answering phones and filing. He's very unhappy and thinks he should find another job. This thought process is
Withdrawal Cognitions
Values represent beliefs that influence behaviors ________; attitudes relate to behavior ________.
across all situations; toward specific targets
Based on the contingency approach, to define performance ___ goals can be used in most jobs
behavioral
internal locus of control
believe that they control their own destiny and what happens to them is their own doing, In fact, one study showed that having internal locus of control at the age of 10 was related to a number of health outcomes, such as lower obesity and lower blood pressure later in life. It is possible that internals take more responsibility for their health and adopt healthier habits,while externals may see less of a connection between how they live and their health
In the ________ phase of organizational socialization, employees master important tasks and roles and adjust to their work group's values and norms.
change and acquisition
The basic premise behind strategy implementation is that
choice of organizational processes and structural forms makes an economic difference.
In the leniency perceptual error, a person
consistently evaluated people in an extremely positive fashion
There are two key situational characteristics that affect perception: the ___ of the interaction, and the culture and race___ between perceivers
context; consistency
Employees with skills to perform a pre-defined job that are quite valuable to a company, but not particularly unique or difficult to replace. Alliance Partners, Strategic Knowledge Workers, Supporting Labor and Core Employees describe
core employees
Eleanor wants to be sure that the final team project in a senior capstone course is of top quality. Jerome, another team member, just wants to get it done quickly. Using Azjen's model, what can Eleanor do to try and encourage Jerome to work hard?
create a positive attitude
Managers should attempt to raise subordinates' self-efficacy by all of the following except
creating routine jobs that are boring but easy to perform
People who are high on openness to experience are likely to demonstrate
curiosity and broad-mindedness
Instrumental values
deal with views on acceptable modes of conduct, such as being honest and ethical, and being ambitious.
Under ________, intent is irrelevant.
disparate impact
Perception is the process that
enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings
Personality
encompasses the relatively stable feelings, thoughts, and behavioral patterns a person has. . Our personality differentiates us from other people, and understanding someone's personality gives us clues about how that person is likely to act and feel in a variety of situations. . Having this knowledge is also useful for placing people in jobs and organizations. Personality traits are not stable, change with experiences throughout life. Is our behavior in organizations dependent on our personality? Yes and no. While we will discuss the effects of personality for employee behavior, you must remember that the relationships we describe are modest correlations. For example, having a sociable and outgoing personality may encourage people to seek friends and prefer social situations. This does not mean that their personality will immediately affect their work behavior.
During the strategic implementation stage of the strategic management process, an organization
ensures that it has skilled employees in place
Luis has just learned that Brian, who has less experience and who does less work, receives a higher salary. Since learning this, Luis has been very unhappy and has started to look for another job. What model of job satisfaction best explains Luis's reactions?
equity
negative affective people
experience negative moods with greater frequency Negative affective people focus on the "glass half empty" and experience more anxiety and nervousness. When a team comprises mostly negative affective people, there tend to be fewer instances of helping and cooperation. T
Positive affective people
experience positive moods more frequently, Positive affective people tend to be happier at work, [42] and their happiness spreads to the rest of the work environment. . Teams dominated by positive affective people experience lower levels of absenteeism. [43] When people with a lot of power are also high in positive affectivity, the work environment is affected in a positive manner and can lead to greater levels of cooperation and finding mutually agreeable solutions to problems.
Organizations with adhocracy cultures are described as
externally focused and valuing flexibility
Organizations with market cultures are described as
externally focused and valuing stability and control
external locus of control
feel that things happen to them because of other people, luck, or a powerful being. Internals feel greater control over their own lives and therefore they act in ways that will increase their chances of success. while being high in external locus is related to a higher rate of depression.
Job satisfaction across the United States has gone up, according to a national survey conducted by the Society for Human Resource Management. The top three facets of satisfaction include
feeling safe at work, having god relationships with coworkers, and having a good relationship with an immediate supervisor
GW, Inc., makes high-quality whizzers according to specifications provided by customers which requires controlled processes and precise measurements. GW needs to maintain high efficiency. This industry is mature and few innovations occur. For GW, Inc. stability is more important than flexibility. Which of the organizational cultures is best suited for GW, Inc.?
hierarchy culture
Proactivity has been shown to be related to all of the following except
intelligence
Which of the following is used by an organization to identify its strengths and weaknesses?
internal analysis
People with ________ see themselves as masters of their own fate.
internal locus of control
Self-Efficacy
is a belief that one can perform a specific task successfully. Research shows that the belief that we can do something is a good predictor of whether we can actually do it. Self-efficacy is different from other personality traits in that it is job specific. You may have high self-efficacy in being successful academically, but low self-efficacy in relation to your ability to fix your car. . By showing that you believe they can be successful and effectively playing the role of a cheerleader, you may be able to increase self-efficacy. Giving people opportunities to test their skills so that they can see what they are capable of doing (or empowering them) is also a good way of increasing self-efficacy.
Self-Esteem
is the degree to which a person has overall positive feelings about oneself. People with high self-esteem view themselves in a positive light, are confident, and respect themselves. On the other hand, people with low self-esteem experience high levels of self-doubt and question their self-worth. High self-esteem is related to higher levels of satisfaction with one's job and higher levels of performance on the job as well as higher levels of creativity at work. [58] People with low self-esteem are attracted to situations in which they will be relatively invisible, such as large companies.
Agreeableness
is the degree to which a person is affable, tolerant, sensitive, trusting, kind, and warm. In other words, people who are high in agreeableness are likeable people and get along with others.
Openness
is the degree to which a person is curious, original, intellectual, creative, and open to new ideas People high in openness seem to thrive in situations that require being flexible and learning new things.
Extraversion
is the degree to which a person is outgoing, talkative, sociable, and enjoys socializing Interacting with others and being social energizes extraverts, whereas similar levels of stimulation and interactions may be viewed as draining to someone who is an introvert.
By ___, a person can develop self-awareness
knowing his or her own strengths and limits
After 6 weeks in a culinary arts program, Diana continues to struggle to master even the most basic skills. She blames her mother, who could not even boil an egg, for her own lack of talent for cooking. Diana is likely to be experiencing all of the following EXCEPT:
low emotional intelligence
A company whose employees have high engagement is likely to have ________ compared to a company with low employee engagement.
lower turnover
In the ________ culture, employees are encouraged to set difficult goals and strive to achieve them. Employee performance is closely monitored and often directly rewarded or punished.
market
Carlos works at Tyner Construction Company as an assistant project manager. His manager assured him that if his projects came in on time and under budget, he would be promoted within a year. At nine months, Carlo is promoted to project manager. This is an example of
met expectiations
Job enrichment is based on the ___ theory of job satisfaction.
motivator-hygiene
Wayne is on the production line for Medical Services Inc. He has been there for five years and has won Employee of the Month more than anyone else. Zander, his coworker, who has only been at Medical Services three years and hasn't even been nominated for Employee of the Month, just received a promotion. Wayne perceives a
negative inequity
Carl's team is evaluation his effectiveness as a leader. Which of the following behaviors does not reflect and effective leader?
not letting other group members make any decisions
In showing class-action ________ lawsuits, the plaintiffs show some statistical disparities between the composition of some group within the company compared to some other relevant group.
pattern and practice
The two basic types of goals are
performance and learning
____________ is the combination of stable physical, behavioral, and mental characteristics that gives individuals their unique identity.
personality
After a series of train incidents, NS&Q offered employee bonuses based on safety for the first quarter of this year. This is an example of
positive reinforcement
Core self-evaluations represent a broad personality trait comprised of all of the following except
proactivity
The perceived fairness of the processes used to make allocation decisions is called ___ justice
procedural
Joe creates advertising slogans for an advertising firm. He works with beliefs, perceptions, and informal obligations about what he is entitled to receive in return for what he provides to the organization. A(n) ________ represents Joe's beliefs.
psychological
Terminal values
refer to end states people desire in life, such as leading a prosperous life and a world at peace
Values
refer to stable life goals that people have, reflecting what is most important to them Values are established throughout one's life as a result of the accumulating life experiences and tend to be relatively stable. Value attainment is one reason why people stay in a company, and when an organization does not help them attain their values, they are more likely to decide to leave if they are dissatisfied with the job itself. [3] The values a person holds will affect his or her employment.
Proactive Personality
refers to a person's inclination to fix what is perceived as wrong, change the status quo, and use initiative to solve problems. Instead of waiting to be told what to do, proactive people take action to initiate meaningful change and remove the obstacles they face along the way. In general, having a proactive personality has a number of advantages for these people. For example, they tend to be more successful in their job searches. [52] Proactive employees are also more successful over the course of their careers, because they use initiative and acquire greater understanding of the politics within the organization. Proactive people are eager to learn and engage in many developmental activities to improve their skills
Neuroticism .
refers to the degree to which a person is anxious, irritable, temperamental, and moody. people very high in neuroticism experience a number of problems at work. Most of their problems are due to difficulties in handling stress. Neurotic people have a tendency to experience a lot of anger when they are confronted with daily hassles of their work, including time pressure or red tape, and they are more inclined to respond to their daily stress by drinking after hours.
Conscientiousness
refers to the degree to which a person is organized, systematic, punctual, achievement-oriented, and dependable Conscientiousness is the one personality trait that uniformly predicts how high a person's performance will be across a variety of occupations and jobs.
Self-Monitoring
refers to the extent to which a person is capable of altering his or her actions and appearance in social situations. In other words, people who are self-monitors are social chameleons who understand what the situation demands and act accordingly, while low self-monitors tend to act the way they feel
During ________, the strategic planning groups decide on a strategic direction by defining the company's mission and goals, its external opportunities and threats, and its internal strengths and weaknesses.
strategy formulation
TNT, Inc. manufacturers desktops and laptops. TNT has decided to enhance revenues by expanding its product line to the tablet market and has identified ACME, Inc. as a potential competitor. TNT Inc. is currently in the ________ stage of the strategic management process.
strategy implementation
Negative reinforcement is
strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing
Javier asked Maria for general advice on homework. Then he asked her to let him see specific problems. Now he wants to copy her assignment, claiming he has no time and the content is too difficult. This is an example of
the Slippery Slope
The contingency approach suggests that
the best answer depends on the situation
Extrinsic rewards come from ___ and intrinsic rewards come from ___
the environment; oneself
Naturalist intelligence is
the potential to live in harmony with one's environment
Interactional justice is defined as the perceived fairness of
the quality of interpersonal treatment received
Nita is the office manager at a service station. Two applicants, Max and Tim, arrive to interview for the open mechanic's position. Max'a clothes are dirty, his hair is unwashed, and he doesn't make eye contact when he gives Nita his name. Tim dresses in clean jeans and a nice shirt, is shaved, and shakes Nita's hand when he introduces himself. After the interview, Keith the head mechanic, asks Nita what she thought. Both men have the skill set needed for the position. Nita recommends Tim. She is responding to her perception of
the target
Which of the following is not a key workplace attitude that managers should track?
turnover
Which of the following is not a driver or cause of organizational culture?
work attitudes and behaviors
