Ch. 3 INQUIZITIVE Texas Govt

Which factor prompted a shift of national and state governments toward cooperative federalism? As the nation began to face more complex problems in the 1930s and 1940s, multiple levels of government were required to step in. Chief Justice Roger Taney strengthened the power of the national government and ushered in an era of cooperative federalism. An inactive federal government forced the states to take greater action. State governments were more willing to give their power to the federal government.

As the nation began to face more complex problems in the 1930s and 1940s, multiple levels of government were required to step in.

Which examples best demonstrate the concept of federal preemption? the federal government requiring schools to test students annually but not offering any money to pay for it the federal government forbidding states from establishing their own air pollution standards the federal government establishing a system of grants for needy families the federal government requiring certain subject areas be tested by states to measure achievement

CORRECT the federal government forbidding states from establishing their own air pollution standards the federal government requiring certain subject areas be tested by states to measure achievement

Multistate legal challenges to federal policies may be viewed positively if we frame as compatible with which of these ideas? Multistate challenges express the will of a majority of American voters. Legal challenges to federal policies generally seek to protect the interests of minoritized communities. Challenges to the federal government are a critical part of checks and balances. It protects the position of states as the final say on what policies should be implemented.

Challenges to the federal government are a critical part of checks and balances.

In the early years of the American republic, __________ established a broad view of the ability of Congress to regulate the economic interactions within the nation, while __________ built a foundation for expanding powers of Congress to carry out the specific authorities it had been granted in the Constitution. Sweatt v. Painter Marbury v. Madison Texas v. California McCulloch v. Maryland Gibbons v. Ogden Plessy v. Ferguson

Gibbons v. Ogden McCulloch v. Maryland

In general terms, how did Chief Justice John Marshall treat issues of federalism in his Supreme Court rulings? Marshall's opinions were careful to maintain a balance of authority between states and the national government. He tended to expand the states' powers relative to the national government. His record was mixed, with a number of decisions favoring states and others favoring the national government. He tended to expand the national government's powers relative to the states.

He tended to expand the national government's powers relative to the states.

Why do many scholars insist that the Fourteenth Amendment is the most important amendment added to the Constitution, outside of the amendments in the Bill of Rights? It immediately applied all of the Bill of Rights to the states. It gave all males, including recently freed African Americans, the right to vote. It ended the practice of enslavement of people in the United States. It opened the door for the Bill of Rights to be applied to the states as needed.

It opened the door for the Bill of Rights to be applied to the states as needed.

President __________ originated the thinking that led to New Federalism, but the most significant changes associated with New Federalism were made under the administration of President __________. Lyndon Johnson Bill Clinton George W. Bush Ronald Reagan Richard Nixon Franklin Roosevelt

Richard Nixon Bill Clinton

After the Supreme Court decision in ___________ Texas no longer had to submit changes to voting procedures or redistricting maps for preclearance to the ___________. Department of Justice Sweatt v. Painter Congress Supreme Court Shelby County v. Holder Veasey v. Abbott

Shelby County v. Holder Department of Justice

Which statements correctly express how the powers to regulate commerce are divided within the U.S. Constitution? State governments may regulate commerce within states. Congress may regulate interstate commerce. State governments may regulate interstate commerce. The president may regulate commerce within states.

State governments may regulate commerce within states. Congress may regulate interstate commerce.

Which of the following is strong evidence that the United States is a nation founded on the ideal of federalism? States have the greatest impact on the daily lives of Americans. The flow of goods between states can be constrained by individual state laws. The Constitution's framers established three branches within the national government. An individual's driver's license is respected by other states in which they travel.

States have the greatest impact on the daily lives of Americans.

Which constitutional amendment suggests states have considerable power in their relationship to the federal government? First Amendment Second Amendment Tenth Amendment Fourteenth Amendment

Tenth Amendment

Many Texas leaders often praise the small-government and low-tax values of the state and criticize the federal government for its tax policies and extensive aid programs. Examine the information in the chart to determine which statement best captures the problem with this praise and critique. Texas has a higher tax rate than the national government overall. Texas collects a lower personal tax than the national government but higher corporate taxes. Texas has called for expansions of Medicaid and government health care to support the state. Texas relies on federal money for nearly one-third of all the money it spends in the state budget.

Texas relies on federal money for nearly one-third of all the money it spends in the state budget.

When considering recent Supreme Court decisions, like Shelby County v. Holder and Brnovich v. Democratic National Committee, which statement best captures the current Court's stance on voting laws? The Supreme Court has shown itself to be largely unwilling to intervene in the creation of state election policies. The Supreme Court has implemented a more restrictive view of the ability of states to craft sweeping election laws. The Supreme Court has encouraged states to create policies around elections that place more restrictions on voting. The Supreme Court has promoted a broader interpretation of Congress's ability to regulate discriminatory election laws.

The Supreme Court has shown itself to be largely unwilling to intervene in the creation of state election policies.

The text of the Tenth Amendment reads: "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States, respectively, or to the people." Which of the following is most cited as the reason that the Tenth Amendment has been at the center of so much controversy about the division of powers in our federal system? The amendment is not clear about what the powers of states are. The national government has used the amendment to expand its powers. The amendment gives states the power to cancel national laws they don't like. States are dissatisfied with the powers given to the national government in the amendment.

The amendment is not clear about what the powers of states are.

Though the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program (DACA) enjoys generally broad public support, the state of Texas and other states have filed numerous cases against the federal government to end the program's protections by making which claim? The national government does not have discretion in how to enforce immigration law. Congress does not have the authority to grant citizenship to large groups of undocumented immigrants. The creation of the program by executive order was a constitutional overreach. The individuals in the DACA program were more likely to receive public benefits.

The creation of the program by executive order was a constitutional overreach.

What was the relationship between elected officials in Texas state government and the Obama administration in addressing issues such as education, health care, immigration, and voting? The leadership of Texas State government did not agree with Obama's policies and, in fact, sued the administration 46 times. The leadership of Texas State government cooperated with the Obama administration to ensure that new federal regulations were quickly implemented. The leadership of Texas State government advocated Obama's policies across states. The leadership of Texas State government worked with officials in other large states such as California and New York to monitor new policies adopted by the Obama administration.

The leadership of Texas State government did not agree with Obama's policies and, in fact, sued the administration 46 times.

Which of the following were characteristics of the era of dual federalism? Categorical grants brought federal dollars with national requirements to the states. The national government was small and dealt mostly with issues of foreign policy and national security. The states and national government held distinctly separate areas of sovereignty. The power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce was narrowly defined. It defined the time period from Reconstruction to the New Deal. State governments complained that their ability to regulate was preempted by the national government.

The states and national government held distinctly separate areas of sovereignty. The national government was small and dealt mostly with issues of foreign policy and national security. The power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce was narrowly defined. It defined the time period from Reconstruction to the New Deal.

Which of the following best describes the overall historical trend of the United States federal system? Toward stronger state power Toward ever-greater deregulation of industries Toward a stronger national government Toward more reactive populist movements

Toward a stronger national government

In the Shelby County v. Holder case, states fighting the preclearance requirement of the Voting Rights Act made which argument before the Supreme Court? States had not been found to have race discrimination in their redistricting maps. Changing populations of the states meant there could no longer be discrimination. Voter discrimination was no longer an issue in the states under preclearance. Preclearance violated the equal protection clause.

Voter discrimination was no longer an issue in the states under preclearance.

The increased significance of the Tenth Amendment and deference to an expanded view of states' rights stems most from which of the following origins? a more conservative majority that emerged on the Supreme Court the emergence of the Tea Party a new constitutional amendment that clarified and strengthened the Tenth Amendment's power a call from the states for a constitutional convention

a more conservative majority that emerged on the Supreme Court

According to Texas's voter identification law, voters must show __________ to be able to vote. a current voter registration certificate indicating the voter's individual precinct a valid government-issued picture ID documentation stating that they are current in paying all fees or fines owed to the state any form of photo identification, including IDs issues by schools and employers,

a valid government-issued picture ID

In the United States, both the federal and state governments are sovereign. no government is sovereign since there is no monarch. only the federal government is sovereign. only the state governments are sovereign.

both the federal and state governments are sovereign.

Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society programs introduced greater national government intervention into which policy areas? civil rights Social Security health care universal basic income environment

civil rights Social Security health care

Under __________ federalism, the national government pressures state governments to take on a certain policy by using mandates or funding. cooperative coercive dual new

coercive

In 1990, Congress passed the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which required states to retrofit public areas to be accessible to individuals with disabilities without offering any federal funds to pay for it. This is an example of which of the following? a block grant federal preemption a categorical grant coercive federalism an unfunded mandate

coercive federalism federal preemption an unfunded mandate

Categorical grants are often used with which type of federalism? dual federalism coercive federalism new federalism cooperative federalism

cooperative federalism

Which sorts of countries tend to benefit from a federal system? countries that have only one major religious group countries that have very wealthy and very poor regions countries with strong ethnic, cultural, and geographic divisions countries with a strong, shared cultural heritage

countries that have very wealthy and very poor regions countries with strong ethnic, cultural, and geographic divisions

The supremacy clause of the U.S. Constitution provides that the U.S. Supreme Court must review all laws passed by state governments to ensure they do not violate the U.S. Constitution. declares that the Constitution and laws passed by the national government are superior to all laws adopted by state governments. gives the president, as commander in chief, the right to hire and fire state governors. reserves all powers not delegated in the U.S. Constitution to the states.

declares that the Constitution and laws passed by the national government are superior to all laws adopted by state governments.

If a same-sex couple, John and Jim, got legally married in the state of New York in 2010 and then moved to the state of Texas, which had banned the recognition of same-sex marriages, they could file a suit in federal court for the recognition of their marriage under which part of the Constitution? public policy exception Tenth Amendment full faith and credit clause supremacy clause

full faith and credit clause

Block grant programs make states pay the costs of federal policies. give states federal money and also considerable discretion in how those funds are spent. provide incentive grants for states to meet policy goals set by the national government. compel states to change policies to meet goals set by the national government.

give states federal money and also considerable discretion in how those funds are spent.

In the U.S. federal system, which of the following policy areas are typically reserved for the states? education immigration highways national defense welfare

highways education welfare

The idea of states having "police powers" does not mean giving more power to the police; rather, it includes multiple aspects of public policy such as which of the following? inspecting day-care centers stationing troops along international borders providing emergency responders creating homeless shelters

inspecting day-care centers providing emergency responders creating homeless shelters

The Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution requires that each state has a "republican form of government." grants Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce, which has been used over time to expand the power of the national government. is the "States' Rights Amendment"; it reserves all powers not delegated to the national government in the Constitution to state governments. is the "New Federalism Amendment"; it restricts the power of the national government as a reaction to the New Deal era.

is the "States' Rights Amendment"; it reserves all powers not delegated to the national government in the Constitution to state governments.

Which of the following actions would the Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution allow a state like Texas to do? accept or reject the Voting Rights Act administer a political literacy test manage and regulate its own elections grant federal clemency or pardons

manage and regulate its own elections

A voter's __________ is perhaps the greatest influence over their level of trust or distrust of government. religious affiliation party identity age social media usage

party identity

Under federalism, state governments are sovereign and the federal laws are never superior to state laws. all government power is held by the people and is exercised through referendum elections. power is divided, but a constitution distributes power between a central government and regional governments. all power comes from the national government.

power is divided, but a constitution distributes power between a central government and regional governments.

The fact that a state is prohibited from creating any standard that allows only particular races of individuals to vote in a primary election is an example of which of the following in action? independent state grounds preemption selective incorporation unfunded mandate

preemption

Federalism is most closely related to which other constitutional principle? separation of powers republicanism popular sovereignty egalitarianism

separation of powers

Consider the following examples: The governor of a liberal northeastern state says the state government should not have to detain undocumented immigrants because doing so is a federal responsibility. The Democratic governor of a West Coast state chooses to enact more powerful environmental laws than those dictated by federal environmental policy. Both cases suggest that liberal, and not just conservative, states governments may also make claims based on which of the following? the Fourteenth Amendment independent state grounds preemption states' rights

states' rights

Read the following passage and analyze its ideas to answer the question that follows. "Persuaded I am that the primary cause of all our disorders lies in the different State Governments, and in the tenacity of that power which pervades the whole of their systems. Whilst independent sovereignty is so ardently contended for, whilst the local views of each State and seperate interests by which they are too much govern'd will not yield to a more enlarged scale of politicks; incompatibility in the laws of different States, and disrespect to those of the general government must render the situation of this great Country weak, inefficient and disgraceful. It has already done so, almost to the final dissolution of it—weak at home and disregarded abroad is our present condition..." —General George Washington, July 1, 1787 Washington's view stated in the excerpt can best be characterized as a key

supremacy clause

Because of the __________, if the Supreme Court issues an opinion in a case, __________ must also follow its ruling. supremacy clause state courts necessary and proper clause Congress full faith and credit clause

supremacy clause, state courts

The Supreme Court in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius held that the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was constitutional because of the __________, but Texas has sought to strike down the ACA in federal courts ever since the 2017 tax cuts eliminated the __________ requirement that had penalized Americans with no insurance coverage. taxing power of Congress advice and consent power full faith and credit clause preexisting conditions Medicaid expansion individual mandate

taxing power of Congress individual mandate

According to the Supremacy Clause, Congress has the responsibility to regulate interstate commerce. states must recognize any legal agreements or contracts agreed to in another state. the Constitution and laws passed by the national government and all treaties are the supreme law of the land and superior to all laws adopted by any state. the laws passed by state legislatures take precedence over laws passed by the U.S. Congress.

the Constitution and laws passed by the national government and all treaties are the supreme law of the land and superior to all laws adopted by any state.

Which of the following is responsible for border enforcement and development of immigration policies? the federal government alone border states and the national government local, state, and federal governments the military and the Customs and Border Protection agency

the federal government alone

An example of cooperative federalism is the federal government forcing states to change policies in order to accomplish national policy goals. the federal government partnering with state and local authorities during emergencies. policy-related actions being strictly separated between the federal and state governments. the federal government distributing goods and funds directly to low-income families.

the federal government partnering with state and local authorities during emergencies.

Under dual federalism, the boundaries between the national government and the states are blurry. states are forced to change their policies to conform with federal regulations. national and state governments work together to provide services. the national government's role is limited to providing for national defense, foreign policy, and supporting commerce.

the national government's role is limited to providing for national defense, foreign policy, and supporting commerce.

Which level of government provides regulations for birth, death, marriage, and divorce? U.S. Supreme Court the state governments the city and county governments U.S. Congress

the state governments

If a Texas community wishes to incorporate and establish a local government, it must request approval from the Executive Office of the President. the county commissioner. the United States Congress. the state legislature.

the state legislature.

What was the purpose of New Federalism according to Presidents Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan? to increase the number of categorical grants offered to the states to increase the number of federal agencies and employees to decrease the power of state governments to promote an expansive view of state autonomy

to promote an expansive view of state autonomy

If Congress passes a law requiring states to install wheelchair-accessible elevators in public buildings but does not provide funding for the associated costs of doing so, Congress has passed what is known as a(n) unfunded mandate. block grant. categorical grant. reverse finance program.

unfunded mandate.

By granting each state equal representation in the Senate, the U.S. Constitution was trying to protect the rights of African Americans. was trying to lessen the influence of the states. was trying to ensure that the voices of the people would be protected. was trying to protect states' rights.

was trying to protect states' rights.

Amendments to the U.S. Constitution that addressed the freedom and rights of the formerly enslaved were an outcome of the Civil War. were an outcome of the civil rights movement. were a part of the Bill of Rights. have been repealed by later amendments.

were an outcome of the Civil War.

The 1869 Supreme Court case Texas v. White resolved which constitutional issue? whether state governments can build statues of the Ten Commandments on government property whether states can secede from the United States whether cities and municipalities can have religious Christmas decorations on government property whether different races must attend the same schools

whether states can secede from the United States