Ch. 3

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Cultural Universal

A common practice or belief shared by all societies

norm

As established standard of behavior maintained by a society

What is the term used when one seeks to understand another culture from its perspective, rather than dismissing it as "strange" or "exotic"

Cultural relativism

People's need for food, shelter, and clothing is an example of what George Murdock referred to as

Cultural universals

_________ consists of everything humans create in establishing our relationships to nature and with each other

Culture

What term do sociologists use to refer to the process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society

Diffusion

Which of the following terms describes the set of cultural beliefs and practices that help maintain powerful social, economic, and political interest

Dominant ideology

Culture

Everything humans create in establishing our relationships to nature and with each other

Which of the following statements is true according to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Language shapes our perception of reality

What type of norms is deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society, often because these norms embody the most cherished principles of a people

Mores

mores

Norms deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society

folkways

Norms governing everyday behavior, whose violation raises comparatively little concern

Argot

Specialized language used by members of a group or subculture

Sapir- Whorf hypothesis

The structure and vocabulary of language shapes our perception or reality and therefore also our actions

Society

The structure of relationships within which culture is created and shared though regularized patterns of social interaction

Sociobiology

The systematic study of how biology affects human social behavior

Ethnocentrism

The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent what's normal or are superior to all others

What is an invention

combining existing cultural artifacts to create something new

Terrorist groups are examples of

countercultures

What do norms provide for us that we need

established standards of behavior


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