Ch 3 Quiz

(Q013) Which of the following statements about hardness is true? 1. A copper penny will scratch gypsum. 2. Apatite is harder than orthoclase. 3. Diamond has a Mohs hardness of 10 because it is 10 times harder than talc (hardness of 1). 4. Calcite will scratch fluorite.

1. A copper penny will scratch gypsum.

(Q007) Graphite is 1. a polymorph of diamond. 2. harder than glass. 3. pure silicon. 4. an ore of lead.

1. a polymorph of diamond.

(Q020) Diamonds 1. are brought from the mantle to the surface in magma that hardens into kimberlite. 2. are found in carrot-shaped structures called pegmatites. 3. of industrial quality (non-gem quality) have no use and are usually discarded. 4. are exceedingly rare, which is why their price is so high.

1. are brought from the mantle to the surface in magma that hardens into kimberlite.

(Q006) Crystals 1. have an orderly internal arrangement of atoms organized in a lattice pattern. 2. grow inward from a seed. 3. are youngest in the center and oldest at the outer edge. 4. display asymmetry.

1. have an orderly internal arrangement of atoms organized in a lattice pattern.

(Q012) When you scrape a mineral along a ceramic plate to observe the color of its powder, you are checking the physical property known as 1. streak. 2. luster. 3. cleavage. 4. specific gravity

1. streak.

(Q019) Which of the following statements about gemstones is true? 1. Emerald is a gemstone variety of the common mineral corundum. 2. Many gemstones come from pegmatites, which are particularly coarse-grained igneous rocks. 3. A gemstone is a variety of a mineral that has value because of its color. 4. In order to be considered precious or semiprecious, a gemstone must be transparent.

2. Many gemstones come from pegmatites, which are particularly coarse-grained igneous rocks.

(Q001) Which of the following is a mineral? 1. amber (tree sap) 2. oyster shell (CaCO3) 3. sugar (C6H12O6) 4. glass

2. oyster shell (CaCO3)

(Q002) Which of the following fits the definition of a mineral? 1. oil, because it's a liquid, not a solid 2. salt, because it's crystalline 3. glass, because it's inorganic 4. a lab-grown diamond, because it has a definable chemical composition

2. salt, because it's crystalline

(Q018) Which of the following groups of silicate minerals exhibits a single strong cleavage in one direction? 1. framework silicates 2. sheet silicates 3. independent tetrahedra silicates 4. single-chain silicates

2. sheet silicates

(Q016) The great varieties of minerals on the Earth are classified by mineralogists into a small number of groups on the basis of 1. their color. 2. the negative ion or ionic group in their chemical composition. 3. their crystal habit. 4. the manner in which they form.

2. the negative ion or ionic group in their chemical composition.

(Q009) The tendency of a mineral to break and produce smooth, curving, shell-shaped surfaces is termed 1. luster. 2. cleavage. 3. conchoidal fracture. 4. streak.

3. conchoidal fracture.

(Q003) Which type of chemical bond occurs when atoms share electrons, as shown in this diagram? 1. ionic 2. polarity 3. covalent 4. metallic

3. covalent

(Q010) Two physical properties of minerals both result in smooth, flat surfaces with specific angles between them. The first property is externally visible and is the result of how the mineral forms; the second is inherently internal and is the result of breaking a sample of the mineral. These properties are called 1. hardness and cleavage. 2. cleavage and hardness. 3. crystal habit and cleavage. 4. cleavage and crystal habit.

3. crystal habit and cleavage.

(Q004) The crystallization of salt from evaporating seawater 1. is, in mineralogic terms, formation of a silicate mineral. 2. takes place when the solution becomes undersaturated. 3. is an example of precipitation from a solution. 4. results in hexagonal, prismatic crystals.

3. is an example of precipitation from a solution.

(Q015) If you smashed a piece of halite (table salt) with a hammer and broke it into smaller pieces, the broken crystals would look like cubes, as seen in the image. This is because halite has 1. two planes of cleavage that intersect at 60° and 120°. 2. one strong plane of cleavage. 3. three planes of cleavage that intersect at 90°. 4. conchoidal fracture.

3. three planes of cleavage that intersect at 90°.

(Q017) Silicate minerals 1. have a silicon-oxygen tetrahedron as their structural unit. 2. are classified by the manner in which the silica tetrahedra are arranged. 3. are the most common minerals on the Earth. 4. All of the possible answers are correct.

4. All of the possible answers are correct.

(Q008) Which of the following is a laboratory method used to map the crystal lattice of minerals? 1. color 2. specific gravity 3. luster 4. X-ray diffraction

4. X-ray diffraction

(Q005) The calcite and aragonite minerals that constitute clamshells are examples of which method of mineral formation? 1. solidification of a melt 2. precipitation from a solution 3. solid-state diffusion 4. biomineralization

4. biomineralization

(Q014) The reaction to acid can be an important diagnostic test when identifying minerals. The photo shows a mineral that "fizzes" when an eyedropper is used to apply acid. Which of the following minerals is most likely shown in this photo? 1. magnetite 2. quartz 3. kyanite 4. calcite

4. calcite