Ch 33 Atomic and Nuclear Physics

A quark is a fundamental particle a. much smaller than a nucleon b. that makes up a nucleon c. not composed of smaller parts d. all of the above e. none of the above

all of the above

Which is heated in its interior by nuclear processes? a. Earth b. Sun c. both of these d. neither of these

both of these

The operation of a cloud chamber relies on a. acceleration b. magnetization c. evaporation d. polarization e. condensation

condensation

Carbon-14 is produced in the atmosphere principally by a. nitrogen bombardment b. cosmic ray bombardment c. photosynthesis d. plants and animals e. none of the above

cosmic ray bombardment

Cosmic rays originate in the a. cosmos b. Sun c. Earth's interior d. Earth's upper atmosphere e. none of the above

cosmos

When the nucleus of an atom emits an alpha particle, the atom's atomic number a. increases b. decreases c. remains unchanged

decreases

When a nucleus emits a positron, its atomic number a. decreases by 1 b. increases by 1 c. doesn't change

decreases by 1

What much you do to get away from the harmful effects of radioactivity? a. die b. go deep beneath Earth's surface c. live at the North of South Poles d. go to the Moon

die

The sources of X-rays are a. electron clouds b. the atomic nucleus c. both of these d. neither of these

electron clouds

When an element undergoes nuclear transmutation, the result is a completely different a. ion of the same element b. isotope of the same element c. element

element

Which experiences the least electrical force in an electric field? a. gamma ray b. alpha particle c. electron d. beta particle e. all the same

gamma ray

Which will NOT bend when moving in a magnetic field? a. gamma ray b. alpha particle c. beta particle d. all bend the same

gamma ray

X-rays are similar to a. gamma rays b. alpha rays c. beta rays d. all of the above e. none of the above

gamma rays

The fate of the world's uranium supply is to eventually become a. iron b. alpha and beta particles c. lead

lead

The sources of both X-rays and gamma rays are a. the atomic nucleus b. electron clouds c. both of these d. neither of these

neither of these

There is a greater proportion of carbon-14 in a. old bones b. new bones c. same in each

new bones

In 1919 Rutherford performed the first historic artificial transmutations of a. nitrogen to oxygen b. carbon 12 to carbon 14 c. hydrogen to helium d. none of the above

nitrogen to oxygen

For 1 gram of radioactive material that has a half-life of one year, after 4 years the original radioactive material left will be a. 1/8 g b. 1/2 g c. 0 g d. 1/4 g e. none of the above

none of the above

The half-life of a radioactive substance is affected by a. age b. pressure c. temperature d. all of the above e. none of the above

none of the above

When thorium (A = 90) emits a beta particle, the resulting nucleus has atomic number a. 89 b. 92 c. 90 d. 88 e. none of the above

none of the above

Alpha particles and beta particles are deflected by a magnetic field in a. perpendicular directions to each other b. opposite directions c. the same direction

opposite directions

The main source of Earth's natural heat is a. solar energy in the form of fossil fuels b. radioactivity in Earth's interior c. molten-hot lava d. pressure on Earth's interior

radioactivity in Earth's interior

Radiation dosage is commonly measured in a. rems b. rads c. joules d. none of the above

rads

When the nucleus of an atom emits a only a gamma ray, the atom's atomic number a. remains unchanged b. increases c. decreases

remains unchanged

Which device is used primarily to detect nuclear radiation? a. cyclotron b. scintillation counter c. synchrotron d. linear accelerator e. none of the above

scintillation counter

Free protons and neutrons are spewed throughout the atmosphere by a. carbon decay b. the bombardment of cosmic rays upon atoms c. nitrogen decay d. all of the above e. none of the above

the bombardment of cosmic rays upon atoms

When uranium emits a beta particle, the result is a. the first transuranic element b. a different isotope of uranium c. a uranium ion d. all of the above e. none of the above

the first transuranic element

Most of the radioactivity we personally encounter comes from a. the natural environment b. medical Xrays c. nuclear power plants d. fallout form testing nuclear weapons

the natural environment

The mass of an atomic nucleon is nearly a) four times the mass of an electron b) twice the mass of an electron c) two thousand times the mass of an electron d) a thousand times the mass of an electron

two thousand times that of an electron

The resulting atomic number of an element that emits 1 alpha particle, 1 positron, and 3 beta particles is a. increased by 1 b. unchanged c. decreased by 2 d. increased by 2 e. decreased by 1

unchanged

The half-life of carbon 14 is 5730 years. If a 1-gram sample of old carbon is 1/8 as radioactive as 1-gram of a current sample, then the age of the old sample is about a. 17200 years b. 22900 years c. 716 years d. 46000 years e. 11500 years

17200

A certain radioactive isotope placed near a Geiger counter registers 160 counts per minute. Eight hours later, the counter registers 10 counts per minute. What is the half-life of the isotope? a. 8 hours b. 4 hours c. 6 hours d. 2 hours e. none of the above

2 hours

When radium (A = 88) emits an alpha particle, the resulting nucleus has atomic number a. 88 b. 90 c. 92 d. 86 e. none of the above

86

When U-239 emits a beta particle, the resulting nucleus has a. 91 protons b. 90 protons c. 94 protons d. 93 protons e. 92 protons

93 protons