Ch. 4 & 5: Alcohol and Sedative-Hypnotics neurochem

Which of the following drinking patterns increase the risk of becoming an alcoholic for a person under age 65?

#1. More than 4 drinks per day for men #2. More than 3 drinks per day for women #3. 14 or more drinks per week for men #4. 7 or more drinks per week for women

When large amounts of alcohol are consumed more rapidly than the body can process and metabolize it, which of the following may occur?

#1. alcohol poisoning #2. unconsciousness #3. respiratory and cardiac failure #4. coma and death Pages 5.15, 5.16

Chronic heavy drinking can contribute to which of the following diseases?

#1. cancer of the stomach and esophagus #2. malnutrition #3. hypertension (high blood pressure) #4. cardiac arrhythmias (abnormal irregular heart rhythms) Pages 5.21

In the United States, approximately what percentage of hospital admissions are due to medical complications related alcohol use?

25-30% Page 5.2

A person's reaction to alcohol and level of impairment depends on that person's drinking history, behavioral tolerance, and mood.

True

Alcohol interacts with more types of receptors, neurotransmitters, and genes than do marijuana and cocaine.

True

Benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics generally have a higher margin of overdose safety than other drugs in this depressant category.

True Page 4.37

Drug tolerance to benzodiazepines develops in part due to the increased efficiency of the liver in processing (metabolizing) a drug that is used regularly.

True Page 4.39

Major alcohol withdrawal symptoms can develop within as short time as 7 consecutive weeks of heavy drinking.

True page 5.26

High-dose alcohol affects the central nervous system by ______ its function. At higher blood alcohol levels, this leads to ______ heart rate and breathing.

decreasing | decreased Pages 5.15

The effects of alcohol ______ negative emotions such as loneliness, depression, and anger.

deepen Page 5.13

Easy access to alcohol, a permissive societal view of drinking, unsafe living conditions, poor nutrition, and limited access to healthcare and drug recovery programs are examples of what factors associated with increased alcohol use?

environmental Pages 5.24

The following symptoms are indicative of what alcohol-related condition(s)? Symptoms: rapid pulse, sweating, increased body temperature, hand tremors, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and nausea or vomiting

moderate alcohol withdrawal hangover Page 5.26

Alcoholics are likely to experience which of the following problems with their memory?

retrospective memory (past events) prospective memory (day to day) Page 5.21

On average, the body can metabolize and eliminate 1 ounce of pure alcohol (the equivalent of about 1.5 standard drinks) in what time frame?

three hours Page 5.16

Sedatives are medications used to induce sleep.

False Sedatives are calming drugs. Page 4.33

Most sedative-hypnotics are from natural sources.

False All modern prescriptions sedative-hypnotics are synthetic. Pages 4.2, 4.34

The effects of long-term alcohol abuse on physical health, neurochemistry, and cellular function are fewer and less harsh than for most other psychoactive drugs.

False

When other depressants are used, the danger of overdose is greatly increased because metabolism of alcohol takes precedence over metabolism of other substances.

True