CH 4 Lessons 1-3 (Rodrigue) {11/10/17}

In which type of government does the power belong to only one person? A. autocracy B. Oligarchy C. theocracy D. democracy

A. autocracy

Cultural boundaries A. divide two groups of people with a different way of life B. are formed by written agreements that separate nations C. follow natural features such as rivers or mountains D. are always permanent

A. divide two groups of people with a different way of life

What is the main factor that causes Earth's population distribution to be uneven? A. geography B. migration C. negative population growth D. rapid population growth

A. geography

Groups of languages that have similar roots are known as A. language families B. language clusters C. language groups D. language types

A. language families

The belief that one's devotion to one's state or country is more important than any other group is called A. nationalism B. terrorism C. internationalism D. cultureless

A. nationalism

The source of power in a theocracy is A. religion B. economics C. the people D. the queen

A. religion

What had the most influence on the rise of civilizations from culture hearths? A. the agricultural revolution B. sources of water C. organized government D. irrigation

A. the agricultural revolution

Anarchy

Anarchy - absence of any form of political authority; absence of government; political disorder and confusion

An example of an external factor that can affect cultural change is A. the invention of a new way of farming B. a group of refugees from one country moving to another country C. the leader of the major religion in an area stepping down D. a shift from food gathering to food production

B. a group of refugees from one country moving to another country

Which system of government divides powers between the national government and state or provincial governments? A. unitary system B. federal system C. autocratic system D. oligarchic system

B. federal system

Which type of boundary frequently follows a straight line on a map and is often created based on a treaty? A. natural B. geometric C. cultural D. geographic

B. geometric

What is natural increase in a population? A. the movement of people from place to place B. the difference between an area's birthrate and its death rate C. the number of deaths per year for every 1,000 people D. the number of years it takes a population to double in size

B. the difference between an area's birthrate and its death rate

Why do social systems develop? A. to uphold moral values B. to help people work together to meet basic needs C. to allow people to communicate with each other D. to provide order within a country

B. to help people work together to meet basic needs

What is the growth of population in cities and the resulting changes called? A. industrialization B. urbanization C. revolution D. migration

B. urbanization

Which of the following is NOT considered an element of culture? A. language families B. religion C. climate D. social system

C. climate

Population density is the average number of people A. living in countries with smaller land areas B. living in rural areas C. living on a square mile or square kilometer of land D. living in cities

C. living on a square mile or square kilometer of land

During which period did people move to cities in the largest numbers? A. the Information Revolution B. the Agricultural Revolution C. the Industrial Revolution D. the Cultural Revolution

C. the Industrial Revolution

Which is an example of a monarch? A. the Prime Minister of Great Britain B. the President of the United States C. the King of Saudi Arabia D. the Chancellor of Germany

C. the King of Saudi Arabia

What is cultural diffusion? A. cultures that have certain traits in common B. an early center of civilization C. the spread of knowledge between cultures D. a common language

C. the spread of knowledge between cultures

How do cooperation and conflict shape the division of Earth's surface?

Cooperation and conflict have contributed to and resulted from the political geographic divisions of the world. Global cooperation is frustrated by many factors, including border disputes, tensions over large territories, competition over natural resources, and multiple ethnic groups residing in a single political unit.

Britain's partition of India and Pakistan is an example of a __________________________ which separates areas with culture differences.

Cultural boundary

Geographers divide earth into groups called _________________________________, areas on Earth's surface that have certain traits in common.

Cultural regions

Early centers of civilization whose ideas and practices spread to surrounding areas are called __________________________.

Culture Hearths

Which modern day country was a culture hearth? A. Russia B. India C. Canada D. Iraq

D. Iraq

An ethnic group is made up of people who share A. a common social class and level of education B. a common government philosophy C. a common trade or occupation D. a common language, history, or place of orgin

D. a common language, history, or place of orgin.

Which might cause death rates in a country to fall? A. zero population growth B. migration C. war D. improved healthcare

D. improved healthcare

Which is an example of a pull factor? A. lack of economic opportunities B. war C. political persecution D. religious freedom

D. religious freedom

What factors influence population growth?

Death rates may fall quickly due to reliable food sources, improved healthcare, and better living conditions. Birth rates generally decline slowly because changes in cultural traditions take longer.

Democracy

Democracy - is any system of government in which leaders rule with the consent of the citizens i. Direct Democracy 1) Citizens decide and vote on issues. This usually exists in some places at the local levels of government. ii. Representative Democracy 1) People elect representatives with the responsibility and power to make laws and conduct government. 2) An assembly of representatives may be called a council, legislature, congress, or parliament iii. Republics 3) Not every democracy is a republic. The United Kingdom, is a democracy with a monarch as head of state. The monarch's role is ceremonial and elected official hold the power to rule.

What continents are most densely populated?

Europe and Asia.

Language families

Even within cultures, there are many differences in language such as dialect, word pronunciation, and meanings of words.

What kinds of technology can help societies cope with rapid population growth?

Fertilizers can improve crop yields. Irrigation systems can help increase the amount of land available for farming. New varieties of crops have been created to withstand severe conditions and yield more food.

Features of Government

Government is the institution through which a society maintains social order, provides public services, ensures national security, and supports its economic well-being. Sovereignty: supreme authority within a territory - the right to rule

What is urbanization, and what are some of the reasons it occurs?

Growth of city populations. It occurs mostly because aural people want to find jobs and a better life in a prosperous area.

What important details can a population pyramid show?

It can show how many people there are in each age and gender.

What is meant by natural increase, and what does it have to do with the birthrate and the death rate?

It is the growth rate of a population and is the difference between birthrates and death rates.

_________________ is an important element of culture, because people use it to communicate.

Language

What region do most of the people in North America, South America, Europe and Australia live?

Metropolitan areas: which are cities and their surrounding areas.

How does migration play a role in population increase and decrease?

Migration is the movement of people from place to place, it increases or decreases population in areas.

How did industrialized countries reduce their death rates?

More abundant and reliable food sources, Improved health care, Access to medicine and technology, and better living conditions.

What influences population distribution?

Most people live where fertile soil, available water, and a climate without harsh extremes make human life possible. Most people live in urban areas.

_____________________, the belief that the individual's loyalty to the nation or state is above all other beliefs, can lead to war if it reaches extremes.

Nationalism

__________________________, or borders, may change as a result of wars or disputes.

Political boundaries

What is the difference between population density and population distribution?

Population density - the average number of people living on a square mile or square kilometer of land, Population distribution - the variations in population that occur across a country, a continent, or the world. Identifies areas within a country were the most and fewer people live.

Define population density and how it is calculated.

Population density is the average number of people living on a square mile or square kilometer of land. It is calculated by dividing the total population of a country by its land area.

What is negative population growth, and what are some of its effects?

The annual death rate exceeds the annual birthrate. In countries with negative population growth, it is difficult to find enough workers to keep the economy going. Labor must be recruited from other countries, often by encouraging immigration or granting temporary work permits.

What are the elements of culture?

The elements of culture include language, religion, daily life, history, art, government, technology, and economy.

Theocracy

Theocracy - system of government in which those who rule are regarded as divinely inspired a) Ex: Islamic sharia law is imposed in parts of North Africa and Southwest Asia today

What are the problems presented by rapid population growth?

This can lead to storages of food and other necessary resources like water, housing, and clothing.

_______________ and ______________________________________ help countries work together to resolve conflicts and share resources.

Treaties, International organizations

Geometric boundary

a boundary that follows a geometric pattern; a fixed limit or extent that typically follows straight lines

Culture hearth

a center where cultures developed and from which ideas and traditions spread outward

Natural boundary

a fixed limit or extent defined along physical geographic features such as mountains and rivers; a boundary created by a physical feature, such as a mountain, river, or strait

Monarchy

a form of autocracy with a hereditary king or queen exercising supreme power

Cultural boundary

a geographical boundary between two different cultures

Types of Governments

a. Autocracy - any system of government in which the power and authority to rule belong to a single individual i. Autocracies are the oldest and one of the most common forms of government ii. Most autocrats achieve and maintain their position of authority through inheritance or by ruthless use of military or police power iii. Types of Autocracies: 1) Absolute or Totalitarian Dictatorship - decisions of a single ruler determine government policies. (One person controls everything). b) Totalitarian dictators - seek to control all aspects of social and economic life d) Ex: Nazi Germany (1933-1945) under Hitler's dictatorship, Mussolini's rule in Italy (1922-1943), Soviet Union under Stalin's regime (1924-1953) 2) Monarchy - the king and queen exercise the supreme powers of the government. Monarchs usually inherit their positions a) Absolute Monarchies i) Absolute monarchs have complete and unlimited power to rule their people iii) Ex: King of Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarch b) Constitutional Monarchs i) Monarchs share - governmental powers with elected legislatures or serve as ceremonial leaders. Ex: United Kingdom, Sweden, Japan, Jordan, and Thailand

Cultural Change

a. Cultural diffusion i. Cultures are dynamic and continuing changing. ii. Internal factors such as new ideas, inventions, and lifestyles create change within cultures iii. Change can also come from spatial interactions such as migration, trade, and war. iv. The spread of new knowledge from one culture to another is called Cultural diffusion v. Cultural diffusion has been a major factor in cultural development since the dawn of human history.

Elements of Culture

a. Culture - the way of life of a group of people who share similar ways of thinking, believing, and living, expressed in common elements or features. i. Ex: a particular culture can be understood by looking at language, religion, daily life, history, art, government, technology, and economy.

Conflict and Cooperation

a. Nationalism - the belief that the individual's loyalty and devotion to the nation or state surpass other individual or group interests. (often the reason for political conflict) b. Terrorism - inspires fear; any violent and destructive act committed to intimidate a people or a government.

Levels of Government

a. Unitary System i. A unitary system of government gives all key powers to the national or central government.

A government in which power to rule belongs to a single person is an ____________________. Forms of this government include a ____________________, in which the decisions are made by a single leader, and a ____________________, in which a king or queen exercises supreme powers of government.

autocracy, dictatorship, Monarchy

Internal factors such as new ideas, lifestyles, and inventions create _______________ within cultures.

change

The spread of new knowledge from one culture to another is called __________________________________.

cultural diffusion

The _________________ of a group is understood by looking at their language, religion, daily life, history, art, government, and economy.

culture

Cultural change in the contemporary world

d. Migration occurs because of positive and negative factors. i. Positive - better social and economic conditions, religious and political freedoms ii. Negative - war, famine, and persecutions e. Migrates will always their cultures with them.

A ___________________ is a system of government in which leaders rule by the consent of the citizens; the people hold the sovereign power.

democracy

Culture region

division of the Earth in which people share a similar way of life, including language, religion, economic systems, and values

An __________________ is made up of people who share a common language, history, or place of origin.

ethnic group

A ________________________ of government divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments. Each level has unique power in some areas.

federal system

Unitary system

form of government in which all key powers are given to the national government

Federal system

form of government in which powers are divided between the national government and state or provincial government

A _______________________ often follows straight lines and does not take into account natural or cultural features.

geometric boundary

The purpose of a ___________________ is to maintain order, and protect the people who live under it.

government

Ethnic group

group of people who share common ancestry, language, religion, customs, or place of origin

Oligarchy

i. An oligarchy is a system of government in which a small group holds power ii. The group derives power from wealth, military power, social position, or a combination of these elements. Sometimes religion is the source of power iii. Today, governments of Communist countries like China are mostly oligarchies. In these countries leaders of the Communist party and the armed forces control the government

Boundaries

i. Natural boundaries (easiest to identify) know definition 1) The Mississippi River forms the border between several US states ii. Cultural boundaries (hardest to identify) know definition 1) Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan Geometric boundaries know definition Geometric, or political boundaries, are never permanent and have often been disputed in wars and conflicts throughout history.

Ethnic group

i. Social systems develop in cultures to help the members of a culture work together to meet basic needs. ii. Within cultures, there will be people who share common language, history, or place of reign called ethnic groups.

Cultural change in history

i. The 5 most influential cultural hearths began in the modern day countries of China, Pakistan, Mexico, Egypt, and Iraq ii. All of these cultural hearths began near a major water source.

Alliances and Treaty organizations

i. United Nations ii. North Atlantic Treaty Organization iii. World Trade Organization

Economic activities

ii. Geographers study how a culture utilizes its natural resources to meet such needs as food and shelter. iii. They also analyze the ways in which people produce, obtain, use and sell goods and services.

Culture region

ii. Most cultures have social classes, groups of people ranked according to ancestry, wealth, education, or other criteria. iii. These culture regions may share similar economic systems, forms of government, or social groups.

Religions

iii. Throughout history, religious symbols and stories have shaped cultural expressions such as literature, painting and sculpture, architecture and music.

Geography and Government

iv. Democracies and autocracies differ in the way they treat religious and cultural differences within their countries. 1) Democracies promote the religious and cultural beliefs of their people in order to promote their well-being. Autocracies aim to suppress the beliefs of their people with fear in order to maintain power

Birthrate

number of births per year for every 1,000 people

Death rate

number of deaths per year for every 1,000 people

An _________________________ is a system of government in which power is held by a small group. A __________________ is a type of this government where officials are believed to be divinely inspired.

oligarchy, theocracy

Another important part of identity for many people is their ________________, including their beliefs about morality, their celebrations, and symbols.

religion

Oligarchy

system of government in which a small group holds power

Democracy

system of government in which leaders rule with consent of the citizens

Autocracy

system of government in which one person rules with unlimited power and authority

Theocracy

system of government in which the officials are regarded as divinely inspired

The type of political conflict known as _________________ uses random violence to intimidate a people or a government.

terriosim

Population density

the average number of people living on a square mile or square kilometer of land

Natural increase

the growth rate of a population; the difference between birthrate and death rate

Demographic transition

the model that uses birthrates and death rates to show how populations in countries or regions change over time

Migration

the movement of people from place to place

Cultural diffusion

the spread of culture traits, material and non-material, from one culture to another

Population distribution

the variations in population that occur across a country, a continent, or the world

Culture

the way of life of a group of people who share similar culture traits, including beliefs, customs, technology, and material items

A __________________________ of government gives all key powers to the national, or central, government.

unitary system