CH 4 Review Questions | Nutrition

Which of the following nutrients is made by gut microbiota?

Biotin

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach?

Bile

Which of the following structures normally prevents swallowed food from entering the larynx and trachea?

Epiglottis

Which of the following substances has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water?

Blood

Protons carry negative charges.

False

________ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells.

Metabolism

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into ________.

chylomicrons

People who have Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis have increased risk of _______ cancer.

colorectal

After being absorbed, water-soluble nutrients such as glucose, fructose, iron, and vitamin C ________.

enter a capillary within the villus and are transported to the liver by the bloodstream

Which of the following microbes is associated with the development of most stomach ulcers?

H. pylori

Which of the following statements is true?

The body is comprised of organ systems.

A scientist discovers a new chemical in the leaves of a rare tropical plant. When trying to determine the role of the chemical, the scientist determined that it is not a structural part of the plant's cells or a pigment that contributes to the color of the plant's leaves. She was able to learn that the chemical sped up a particular chemical reaction involving the plant's metabolism. Based on this information, the new chemical is a (an) ________.

enzyme

An ________ is a compound that speeds up (catalyzes) a chemical reaction.

enzyme

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions?

Muscle loss that normally occurs in older adults

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and ________.

learning ways to manage stress effectively

The ________ is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

liver

Coretta has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce her likelihood of developing heartburn, her physician recommended that she ________.

lose excess body fat

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to ________ while he has this illness.

lose weight rapidly

Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes aspirins regularly to treat his headaches. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing ________.

peptic ulcers

The ________ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism.

Cell

The atoms of a compound, such as sugar, are held together by ________.

chemical bonds

A healthy person has vast numbers of different kinds of bacteria living in his or her stomach.

False

When the pH of blood is higher than normal, the blood has become more acidic.

False

Which of the following statements is true?

Matter is comprisedof atoms.

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

Spleen

Antibiotic use can disrupt the normal balance and diversity of microbes in human intestinal tract.

True

The process of digestion in the human intestinal tract involves decomposition reactions.

True

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter ________.

lacteals within the villi

A liquid has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of household ammonia. Based on this information, the liquid is a ________.

baking soda solution

Avi's salivary glands do not secrete amylase. As a result of his condition, his mouth cannot ________.

begin starch digestion

A substance has a pH that is higher than the pH of tomatoes and lower than the pH of blood. Based on this information, the substance is ________.

black coffee

Bella is an omnivore, because she can ________.

digest and absorb nutrients from a wide variety of foods

Iron, calcium, and carbon are ________.

elements

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome may include ________.

following a low-FODMAP diet

Amanda is a three-year-old who has a condition that is characterized by the inability of her pancreas to produce cholecystokinin. Based on this information, she ________.

has difficulty digesting food

Bernetta has an autoimmune disease that affects salivary glands. As a result of this condition, Bernetta ________.

has trouble swallowing

Libby was born without salivary glands. As a result of this condition, she ________.

has trouble tasting food

The brain and spinal cord are structures of the ________ system.

nervous

Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this information, Paisley should ________.

not worry, because she is not constipated

A food has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of an oven cleaning solution. Based on this information, the food is a ________.

raw egg white

In chemistry class, Karl combines hydrochloric acid with a base called sodium hydroxide. This chemical reaction results in the formation of a ________.

salt

To make hot tea, Sonya adds boiling water to a cup that has a teabag in it. She waits about 5 minutes for the tea to steep, then removes the teabag. Before drinking the tea, she adds a teaspoon of sugar to the hot beverage. When added to the tea, the sugar is a ________.

solute

Salivary glands secrete amylase, an enzyme that enables a minor amount of ________ to be digested in the mouth.

starch