Ch. 44 Quiz

Which one of the following is NOT a function of the excretory system?

Elimination of undigested food

The bed of capillaries in a vertebrate kidney where water, urea, and salts are filtered out of the blood is the _____.

Glomerulus

Osmoconformers are animals that _____.

Have an internal environment that is osmotically similar to their external environment, which does not require energy expenditure.

The cells of a freshwater fish are ____ to the environment, and thus the fish _____ the environment.

Hypertonic ... gains water from

If an animals became dehydrated, then the level of ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) would ____ so that water reabsorption would ______ and make the urine more concentrated.

Increase... increase

What is the function of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

It helps maintain the concentration gradient of NaCl in the interstitial fluid, thus increasing water reabsorption.

To conserve water, desert rodents have relatively _____ loops of Henle which allow these animals to produce a very _____ urine.

Long ... concetrated

The nephrons of fish, amphibians and reptiles do not have the ____ which is present in the nephron of mammals.

Loop of Henle

Which of the following is an INCORRECT pairing of organism and excretory structure?

Malpighian tubules ... annelids

Given these parts of a nephron: 1. Loop of Henle, 2. Collecting duct, 3. Bowman's capsule, 4. Distal tubule, 5. Proximal tubule. Arrange the parts in order as fluid flows through the nephron

3, 5, 1, 4, 2

Which of the following is filtered from blood but not normally found in urine?

Amino acids

The most toxic nitrogenous waste is _____.

Ammonia

The primary nitrogenous waste excreted is ____ for fish and ____ for lizards and birds.

Ammonia... uric acid

The ability of some animals such as "water bears" to survive in an extremely dehydrated, dormant state is called _____.

Anhydrobiosis

Nitrogenous wastes (e.g. urea) are produced as a byproduct of the metabolism of ____.

Proteins

In the ____ of the nephron, bicarbonate reabsorption and H+ secretion occur to maintain blood pH.

Proximal and distal tubules

Secretion of drugs, toxins and poisons from the blood occurs primarily in the _____.

Proximal and distal tubules

Active reabsorption of glucose and amino acids occurs primarily in the ______.

Proximal tube

Which is NOT an accurate pairing of an excretory function with its definition?

Reabsorption is the process where toxins, drugs, and excessive ions that remain in the blood after filtration are transported into the nephron for disposal in the urine.

The ____ collects urine for drainage from the kidney and the ____ carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

Renal pelvis ... ureter

The active transport of substances from the blood in capillaries around the proximal tubule inside this tubule is _____.

Secretion

Which is an accurate statement about the anatomy of the human kidney?

The loop of Henle is located between the proximal tubule and the distal tubule.

In our bodies, the primary nitrogen-containing compound excreted by our kidneys is ____.

Urea

Excretion of _____ requires the least amount of water loss from the animal.

Uric acid

For a bony fish to maintain osmotic balance in seawater, it must ____ water from the environment and ____ sodium and chloride ions across the gills.

drink... actively secrete