Ch. 4,5 multiple choice

24. Does the Doppler effect occur when the observer is moving and the source of sound is stationary? a. Yes, the effect is the same. b. No, the source must be moving. c. Yes, but the change of pitch effects is reversed in this case.

a. Yes, the effect is the same

45. What happens if you are moving at a high rate of speed toward some people standing next to a stationary source of a sound? You will hear a. a higher frequency than the people you are approaching will hear. b. the same frequency as the people you are approaching will hear. c. the same frequency as when you and the source are not moving. d. a higher frequency, as will all observers in all directions

a. a higher frequency than the people you are approaching will hear.

6. The specific heat of copper is 0.093 cal/gC°, and the specific heat of aluminum is 0.22 cal/gC°. The same amount of energy applied to equal masses, say, 50.0 g of copper and aluminum, will result in a. a higher temperature for copper. b. a higher temperature for aluminum. c. the same temperature for each metal. d. unknown results.

a. a higher temperature for copper.

19. A resonant condition occurs when a. an external force matches a natural frequency. b. a beat is heard. c. two out-of-phase waves have the same frequency. d. a pure tone is created.

a. an external force matches a natural frequency.

26. A longitudinal mechanical wave causes particles of a material to move a. back and forth in the same direction the wave is moving. b. perpendicular to the direction the wave is moving. c. in a circular motion in the direction the wave is moving. d. in a circular motion opposite the direction the wave is moving.

a. back and forth in the same direction the wave is moving.

10. The transfer of heat that takes place directly from molecule to molecule is a. conduction. b. convection. c. radiation. d. sublimation.

a. conduction.

25. The work that a heat engine is able to accomplish is ideally equivalent to the a. difference between the heat supplied and the heat rejected. b. heat that was produced in the cycle. c. heat that appears in the exhaust gases. d. sum total of the heat input and the heat output.

a. difference between the heat supplied and the heat rejected

13. The energy supplied to a system in the form of heat, minus the work done by the system, is equal to the change in internal energy. This statement describes the a. first law of thermodynamics. b. second law of thermodynamics. c. third law of thermodynamics.

a. first law of thermodynamics.

22. Latent heat is "hidden" because it a. goes into or comes out of internal potential energy. b. is a fluid (caloric) that cannot be sensed. c. does not actually exist. d. is a form of internal kinetic energy.

a. goes into or comes out of internal potential energy.

17. The energy of a sound wave is proportional to the rate of energy transferred to an area perpendicular to the waves, which is called the sound a. intensity. b. loudness. c. amplitude. d. decibel.

a. intensity

39. During a track and field meet, the time difference between seeing the smoke from a starter's gun and hearing the bang would be less a. on a warmer day. b. on a cooler day. c. if a more powerful shell were used. d. if a less powerful shell were used.

a. on a warmer day

32. Conduction best takes place in a a. solid. b. fluid. c. gas. d. vacuum.

a. solid

28. Transverse mechanical waves will move only through a. solids. b. liquids. c. gases. d. All of the above are correct.

a. solids

8. Generally, sounds travel faster in a. solids. b. liquids. c. gases. d. vacuums.

a. solids

5. Heat is the a. total internal energy of an object. b. average kinetic energy of molecules. c. measure of potential energy of molecules. d. same thing as a very high temperature.

a. total internal energy of an object.

9. Sounds travel faster in a. warmer air. b. cooler air. c. Temperature does not influence the speed of sound. d. a vacuum.

a. warmer air

26. Suppose ammonia is spilled in the back of a large room. If there were no air currents, how would the room temperature influence how fast you would smell ammonia at the opposite side of the room? a. Warmer is faster. b. Cooler is faster. c. There would be no influence.

a. warmer is faster

43. The sound quality is different for the same-pitch note produced by two different musical instruments, but you are able to recognize the basic note because of the same a. harmonics. b. fundamental frequency. c. node positions. d. standing waves.

b fundamental frequency

21. The fundamental frequency on a vibrating string is what part of a wavelength? a. 1/4 b. 1/2 c. 1 d. 2

b. 1/2

17. The temperature known as room temperature is nearest to a. 0°C. b. 20°C. c. 60°C. d. 100°C.

b. 20°C.

27. Which of the following contains the most heat? a. A bucket of water at 0°C. b. A barrel of water at 0°C. c. Neither contains any heat since the temperature is zero. d. Both have the same amount of heat.

b. A barrel of water at 0°C.

31. Cooking pans made from which of the following metals would need less heat to achieve a certain cooking temperature? a. Aluminum (specific heat 0.22 kcal/kgC°) b. Copper (specific heat 0.093 kcal/kgC°) c. Iron (specific heat 0.11 kcal/kgC°)

b. Copper (specific heat 0.093 kcal/kgC°)

23. A moving source of sound or a moving observer experiences the apparent shift in frequency called a. fundamental frequency. b. Doppler effect. c. wave front effect. d. shock waves.

b. Doppler effect

40. Which of the following has the greatest value for liquid water? a. Latent heat of fusion. b. Latent heat of vaporization. c. Both are equivalent. d. None of the above is correct.

b. Latent heat of vaporization.

42. The second law of thermodynamics tells us that the amount of disorder, called entropy, is always increasing. Does the growth of a plant or animal violate the second law? a. Yes, a plant or animal is more highly ordered. b. No, the total entropy of the universe increases. c. The answer is unknown.

b. No, the total entropy of the universe increases.

7. The specific heat of water is 1.00 cal/gC°, and the specific heat of ice is 0.500 cal/gC°. The same amount of energy applied to equal masses, say, 50.0 g of water and ice, will result in (assume the ice does not melt) a. a greater temperature increase for the water. b. a greater temperature increase for the ice. c. the same temperature increase for each. d. unknown results.

b. a greater temperature increase for the ice.

23. As a solid undergoes a phase change to a liquid, it a. releases heat while remaining at a constant temperature. b. absorbs heat while remaining at a constant temperature. c. releases heat as the temperature decreases. d. absorbs heat as the temperature increases.

b. absorbs heat while remaining at a constant temperature.

14. Two out-of-phase sound waves with the same amplitude and frequency arrive at the same place at the same time, resulting in a. a beat. b. cancellation of the two sound waves. c. a lower frequency. d. the bouncing of one wave.

b. cancellation of the two sound waves.

39. The phase change from ice to liquid water takes place at a. constant pressure. b. constant temperature. c. constant volume. d. all of the above.

b. constant temperature.

21. The transfer of heat that takes place because of density difference in fluids is a. conduction. b. convection. c. radiation. d. none of the above.

b. convection

8. The transfer of heat that takes place by the movement of groups of molecules with higher kinetic energy is a. conduction. c. radiation. b. convection. d. sublimation.

b. convection

12. The wave front of a refracted sound bends toward a. warmer air. b. cooler air. c. the sky, no matter what the air temperature. d. the surface of Earth, no matter what the air temperature.

b. cooler air

33. Convection best takes place in a (an) a. solid. b. fluid. c. alloy. d. vacuum.

b. fluid

2. The number of vibrations that occur in 1 s is called a. a period. b. frequency. c. amplitude. d. sinusoidal.

b. frequency

28. Anytime a temperature difference occurs, you can expect a. cold to move to where it is warmer, such as cold moving into a warm house during the winter. b. heat movement from any higher-temperature region. c. no energy movement unless it is hot enough, such as the red-hot heating element on a stove.

b. heat movement from any higher-temperature region.

20. Styrofoam is a good insulating material because a. it is a plastic material that conducts heat poorly. b. it contains many tiny pockets of air. c. of the structure of the molecules that make it up. d. it is not very dense.

b. it contains many tiny pockets of air.

12. The heat involved in the change of phase from solid ice to liquid water is called a. latent heat of vaporization. b. latent heat of fusion. c. latent heat of condensation. d. none of the above.

b. latent heat of fusion.

20. The fundamental frequency of a string is the a. shortest wavelength harmonic possible on the string. b. longest standing wave that can fit on the string. c. highest frequency possible on the string. d. shortest wavelength that can fit on the string.

b. longest standing wave that can fit on the string.

18. A decibel noise level of 40 would be most likely found a. during a calm day in the forest. b. on a typical day in the library. c. in heavy street traffic. d. next to a pneumatic drill.

b. on a typical day in the library.

27. A transverse mechanical wave causes particles of a material to move a. back and forth in the same direction the wave is moving. b. perpendicular to the direction the wave is moving. c. in a circular motion in the direction the wave is moving. d. in a circular motion opposite the direction the wave is moving.

b. perpendicular to the direction the wave is moving.

38. A sound wave that moves through the air is a. actually a tiny sound that the ear magnifies. b. pulses of increased and decreased air pressure. c. a transverse wave that carries information about a sound. d. a combination of longitudinal and transverse wave patterns.

b. pulses of increased and decreased air pressure.

11. A reflected sound that reaches the ear within 0.1 s after the original sound results in a. an echo. b. reverberation. c. refraction. d. confusion.

b. reverberation

14. If you want to move heat from a region of cooler temperature to a region of warmer temperature, you must supply energy. This is described by the a. first law of thermodynamics. b. second law of thermodynamics. c. third law of thermodynamics.

b. second law of thermodynamics.

19. The specific heat of soil is 0.20 kcal/kgC°, and the specific heat of water is 1.00 kcal/kgC°. This means that if 1 kg of soil and 1 kg of water each receives 1 kcal of energy, ideally, a. the water will be warmer than the soil by 0.8°C. b. the soil will be 4°C warmer than the water. c. the soil will be 5°C warmer than the water. d. the water will warm by 1°C, and the soil will warm by 0.2°C.

b. the soil will be 4°C warmer than the water.

33. The difference between an echo and a reverberation is a. an echo is a reflected sound; reverberation is not. b. the time interval between the original sound and the reflected sound. c. the amplitude of an echo is much greater. d. reverberation comes from acoustical speakers; echoes come from cliffs and walls.

b. the time interval between the original sound and the reflected sound.

3. Internal energy refers to the a. translational kinetic energy of gas molecules. b. total potential and kinetic energy of the molecules. c. total vibrational, rotational, and translational kinetic energy of molecules. d. average of all types of kinetic energy of the gas molecules.

b. total potential and kinetic energy of the molecules.

5. A wave with motion perpendicular to the direction that the wave is moving is classified as a a. longitudinal wave. b. transverse wave. c. water wave. d. compression wave.

b. transverse wave

1. A back-and-forth motion that repeats itself is a a. spring. b. vibration. c. wave. d. pulse.

b. vibration

11. The evaporation of water cools the surroundings, and the condensation of this vapor a. does nothing. b. warms the surroundings. c. increases the value of the latent heat of vaporization. d. decreases the value of the latent heat of vaporization.

b. warms the surroundings.

18. Using the Kelvin temperature scale, the freezing point of water is correctly written as a. 0 K. b. 0°K. c. 273 K. d. 273°K.

c. 273 K.

30. The specific heat of copper is roughly three times as great as the specific heat of gold. Which of the following is true for equal masses of copper and gold? a. If the same amount of heat is applied, the copper will become hotter. b. Copper heats up three times as fast as gold. c. A piece of copper stores three times as much heat at the same temperature. d. The melting temperature of copper is roughly three times that of gold.

c. A piece of copper stores three times as much heat at the same temperature.

40. What is changed by destructive interference of a sound wave? a. Frequency b. Phase c. Amplitude d. Wavelength

c. Amplitude

41. Which of the following supports the second law of thermodynamics? a. Heat naturally flows from a low-temperature region to a higher-temperature region. b. All of a heat source can be converted into mechanical energy. c. Energy tends to degrade, becoming of lower and lower quality. d. A heat pump converts heat into mechanical work.

c. Energy tends to degrade, becoming of lower and lower quality.

25. A rocket traveling at three times the speed of sound is traveling at a. sonic speed. b. Mach speed. c. Mach 3. d. subsonic speed.

c. Mach 3

35. What form of heat transfer will warm your body without warming the air in a room? a. Conduction. b. Convection. c. Radiation. d. None of the above is correct.

c. Radiation

44. What happens if the source of a sound is moving toward you at a high rate of speed? a. The sound will be traveling faster than from a stationary source. b. The sound will be moving faster only in the direction of travel. c. You will hear a higher frequency, but people in the source will not. d. All observers in all directions will hear a higher frequency.

c. You will hear a higher frequency, but people in the source will not.

13. Two in-phase sound waves with the same amplitude and frequency arrive at the same place at the same time, resulting in a. higher frequency. b. refraction. c. a new sound wave with greater amplitude. d. reflection.

c. a new sound wave with greater amplitude.

15. Two sound waves of equal amplitude with slightly different frequencies will result in a. an echo. b. the Doppler effect. c. alternation of loudness of sound known as beats. d. two separate sounds.

c. alternation of loudness of sound known as beats.

34. Sound interference is necessary to produce the phenomenon known as a. resonance. b. decibels. c. beats. d. reverberation.

c. beats

15. More molecules are returning to the liquid state than are leaving the liquid state. This process is called a. boiling. b. freezing. c. condensation. d. melting.

c. condensation.

43. The heat death of the universe in the future is when the universe is supposed to a. have a high temperature that will kill all living things. b. have a high temperature that will vaporize all matter in it. c. freeze at a uniform low temperature. d. use up the universal supply of entropy.

c. freeze at a uniform low temperature.

31. The characteristic of a wave that is responsible for what you interpret as pitch is the wave a. amplitude. b. shape. c. frequency. d. height.

c. frequency

29. The cheese on a hot pizza takes a long time to cool because it a. is stretchable and elastic. b. has a low specific heat. c. has a high specific heat. d. has a white color.

c. has a high specific heat.

3. Frequency is measured in units of a. time. b. cycles. c. hertz. d. avis.

c. hertz

37. The great cooling effect produced by water evaporating comes from its high a. conductivity. b. specific heat. c. latent heat. d. transparency.

c. latent heat

36. When you add heat to a substance, its temperature a. always increases. b. sometimes decreases. c. might stay the same. d. might go up or down, depending on the temperature.

c. might stay the same

6. Your brain interprets a frequency as a sound with a certain a. speed. b. loudness. c. pitch. d. harmonic.

c. pitch

9. The transfer of heat that takes place by energy moving through space is a. conduction. b. convection. c. radiation. d. sublimation.

c. radiation

10. The bending of a wave front between boundaries is a. reflection. b. reverberation. c. refraction. d. dispersion.

c. refraction

2. On the Celsius temperature scale a. zero means there is no temperature. b. 80° is twice as hot as 40°. c. the numbers relate to the boiling and freezing of water. d. there are more degrees than on the Fahrenheit scale.

c. the numbers relate to the boiling and freezing of water.

4. External energy refers to the a. energy that changed the speed of an object. b. energy of all the molecules making up an object. c. total potential energy and kinetic energy of an object that you can measure directly. d. energy from an extraterrestrial source.

c. total potential energy and kinetic energy of an object that you can measure directly.

35. The fundamental frequency of a standing wave on a string has a. one node and one antinode. b. one node and two antinodes. c. two nodes and one antinode. d. two nodes and two antinodes.

c. two nodes and one antinode.

7. Sound waves with frequencies greater than 20,000 Hz are a. infrasonic waves. b. supersonic waves. c. ultrasonic waves. d. impossible.

c. ultrasonic waves

30. A pulse of jammed-together molecules that quickly moves away from a vibrating object a. is called a condensation. b. causes an increased air pressure when it reaches an object. c. has a greater density than the surrounding air. d. All of the above are correct.

d. All of the above are correct. ( a. is called a condensation. b. causes an increased air pressure when it reaches an object. c. has a greater density than the surrounding air.)

32. Sound waves travel faster in a. solids as compared to liquids. b. liquids as compared to gases. c. warm air as compared to cooler air. d. All of the above are correct.

d. All of the above are correct. (a. solids as compared to liquids. b. liquids as compared to gases. c. warm air as compared to cooler air.)

29. Longitudinal mechanical waves will move only through a. solids. b. liquids. c. gases. d. All of the above are correct.

d. All of the above are correct. (a. solids. b. liquids. c. gases. )

41. An airplane pilot hears a slow beat from the two engines of his plane. He increases the speed of the right engine and now hears a slower beat. What should the pilot now do to eliminate the beat? a. Increase the speed of the left engine. b. Decrease the speed of the right engine. c. Increase the speed of both engines. d. Increase the speed of the right engine.

d. Increase the speed of the right engine.

37. What comment is true about the statement that "the human ear hears sounds originating from vibrating objects with a frequency between 20 and 20,000 Hz"? a. This is true only at room temperature. b. About 95 percent hear in this range, while some hear outside the average limits. c. This varies, with females hearing frequencies above 20,000 Hz. d. Very few people hear this whole range, which decreases with age.

d. Very few people hear this whole range, which decreases with age.

36. An observer on the ground will hear a sonic boom from an airplane traveling faster than the speed of sound a. only when the plane breaks the sound barrier. b. as the plane is approaching. c. when the plane is directly overhead. d. after the plane has passed by.

d. after the plane has passed by.

4. The maximum displacement from rest to the crest or from rest to the trough of a wave is called a. wavelength. b. period. c. equilibrium position. d. amplitude.

d. amplitude

38. At temperatures above freezing, the evaporation rate can equal the condensation rate only at a. very high air temperatures. b. mild temperatures. c. low temperatures. d. any temperature.

d. any temperature

16. The temperature of a gas is proportional to the a. average velocity of the gas molecules. b. internal potential energy of the gas. c. number of gas molecules in a sample. d. average kinetic energy of the gas molecules.

d. average kinetic energy of the gas molecules.

24. A heat engine is designed to a. move heat from a cool source to a warmer location. b. move heat from a warm source to a cooler location. c. convert mechanical energy into heat. d. convert heat into mechanical energy.

d. convert heat into mechanical energy.

42. Resonance occurs when an external force matches the a. interference frequency. b. decibel frequency. c. beat frequency. d. natural frequency.

d. natural frequency

1. The Fahrenheit thermometer scale is a. more accurate than the Celsius scale. b. less accurate than the Celsius scale. c. sometimes more or less accurate, depending on the air temperature. d. no more accurate than the Celsius scale.

d. no more accurate than the Celsius scale

22. Higher resonant frequencies that occur at the same time as the fundamental frequency are called a. standing waves. b. confined waves. c. oscillations. d. overtones.

d. overtones

16. Two sound waves of unequal amplitudes with different frequencies will result in a. an echo. b. the Doppler effect. c. alternation of loudness known as beats. d. two separate sounds.

d. two separate sounds.

34. Radiation is the only method of heat transfer that can take place in a a. solid. b. liquid. c. gas. d. vacuum.

d. vacuum