Ch 5 learning curve
In 1775, what did William Pitt propose that American colonists should do in exchange for Parliament renouncing its power to tax the colonies and its recognition of the Continental Congress as a lawful body?
Acknowledge parliamentary supremacy and provide revenue
What group petitioned the Massachusetts legislature for a law granting them new rights, arguing that they have "a natural right . . . to enjoy such property, as they may acquire by their industry"?
African American slaves
Who did Parliament decide to tax first when the British Empire found itself deep in debt in the wake of the Great War for Empire (1754-1763)?
Britain's poor and middling classes
To help pay the enlarged British national debt in the 1760s, Parliament passed an increase in sales taxes also known as what?
Excise levies
What statement by Benjamin Franklin outraged the American-born royal governor of Massachusetts, Thomas Hutchinson, in 1770?
Franklin suggested that the colonies were "distinct and separate states."
Why did Lord North repeal the Townshend duties in 1770?
He argued that taxes on British exports made no economic sense.
Why was Patrick Henry's attack against the Stamp Act so radical?
He directly attacked George III for supporting the legislation.
How did Prime Minister George Grenville first try to address the revenue problem with the American colonies?
He proposed the Currency Act
How did chancellor of the exchequer Charles Townshend seek to undermine American political institutions in his Revenue Act of 1767?
He sought to block American influence by using parliamentary taxes to finance imperial administration in the colonies.
Which statement describes Lord Dunmore, the royal governor of Virginia in the early 1770s?
He was as willing to defy the crown for his own advancement as he was likely to clash with the House of Burgesses.
Why was the Declaratory Act so threatening to colonists?
It declared American governmental institutions to be completely dependent on the will of Parliament.
Which statement describes the impact of Thomas Paine's Common Sense?
It made a broad and deep impression throughout colonial society.
How did the Massachusetts assembly defy Parliament in 1775?
It met in Salem, where it continued to exercise the responsibilities of government.
How did Parliament resolve the Stamp Act crisis in 1766?
It repealed the law but reaffirmed its right to enact such taxation.
Why did southern slave owners join the cause of the largely urban-led Patriot movement?
Many were deeply in debt to British merchants and, as masters of their domains, resented this financial dependence.
Why did Lord North ask for a repeal of the Townshend duties in 1770?
North argued that it was foolish to tax British exports to America.
This engraving by Paul Revere was designed to whip up opposition to the military occupation of Boston. In what way is this image accurate in its depiction of "The Boston Massacre"?
Only five colonists were killed.
Why was Pennsylvania's claim on the region around Fort Pitt more compelling than Virginia's?
Pennsylvania had organized local governments in that region.
Which act of 1774 extended legal recognition to Roman Catholics in French regions of Canada, stirring old religious hatreds between Catholics and Protestants, especially in New England?
Quebec Act
In Great Britain, which political faction supported American protests against the Stamp Act?
Radical Whigs
What stood at the heart of Thomas Paine's Common Sense?
Rejection of patriarchal authority
The Tea Act of 1773 benefited which group?
The East India Company
What was the chief philosophical influence for Thomas Jefferson's draft of the Declaration of Independence?
The Enlightenment
Which of the following most accurately summarizes Galloway's plan?
The colonies would remain British but operate under a continental government with the power to veto parliamentary laws that affected America.
Why did the tenant farmers of the Hudson River Valley in New York support the king?
Their landlords were Patriots.
Why did a good number of men of the upper classes fear the Patriot movement?
They feared that resistance to Britain was the beginning of broader anarchy.
Why did the Virginia gentry support the demands of yeomen farmers to close the law courts in 1774?
They feared that they too might end up in court for their indebtedness.
Why did New England merchants oppose the Sugar Act of 1764?
They feared that tighter customs enforcement would wipe out their smuggling of French molasses.
Why were veteran officers of the Seven Years' War interested in westward expansion?
They had been paid in land warrants and hoped to benefit from those grants.
Why did the Quebec Act anger land speculators in Virginia?
They had long planned to expand into the Ohio River Valley.
Why did the political allies of New England merchants object to the Sugar Acts?
They objected to the Sugar Act on constitutional grounds.
Why were many American colonists skeptical of the Patriot movement?
They suspected that Patriot leaders only sought to advance their own selfish interests.
Two weeks after the Stamp Act went into effect, a Boston mob attacked the house of which lieutenant governor, who was a defender of social privilege and imperial authority?
Thomas Hutchinson
Why did the Stamp Act Congress meet?
To petition the king for repeal of the Stamp Act
What was the primary American complaint against being tried in vice-admiralty courts, as stipulated by the Sugar Act of 1764?
Trial before the courts robbed Americans of their rights to be tried before a local common-law court.
Which British political leader was the only one who openly supported a proposal made by Benjamin Franklin for American representation in Parliament?
William Pitt
Evangelical Protestants stirred by the religious passions of the Great Awakening joined mobs opposing the Stamp Act because they
resented the arrogance of British military officers and the corruption of royal bureaucrats.