ch 5 oceanography quiz
How many grams of salt are in 1000 grams of 27 ppt (parts per thousand) seawater?
27
The White Cliffs of Dover are an example of which of the following sediment types?
Biogenous sediment
A pycnocline is a slow change in temperature with pH.
False
As ice forms from water, between 32 deg C to 100 deg. C, the density of the ice DECREASES.
False
At sea level freshwater ice melts at 100 degrees Fahrenheit
False
At sea level freshwater ice melts at 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
False
At sea level, freshwater boils at 212 degrees Celsius.
False
At sea level, freshwater ice melts at 212 degrees Celsius
False
At sea level, seawater will usually freeze at 9-10 degrees Celsius, because of the dissolved salts in the water.
False
Average seawater is typically acidic, whereas typical freshwater is typically highly alkaline (with a pH of 12, due to carbonate buffering).
False
Carbonate buffering causes seawater to have a higher melting temperature than freshwater.
False
Equatorial regions (low latitudes) often have little to no layering of the water, as the thermoclines and pycnoclines are typically absent or poorly developed.
False
Equatorial regions (low latitudes) typically experience good vertical mixing due to the absence of well-developed thermoclines and pycnoclines.
False
Icebergs are formed when ice freezes out of seawater.
False
Sea ice is chunks of ice that broke off of the glacier and fell into the ocean.
False
Seawater typically heats up faster than the rocks and sand of the adjacent coastline because water has a low heat capacity.
False
Silicon dioxide skeletons (such as diatoms) typically dissolve in deep water because of the high CO2 levels due to the high pressure.
False
The average salinity of seawater is 9 ppt (parts per thousand).
False
The typical pH of seawater is 34.7 Celsius.
False
The water molecule is polarized because the 2 Oxygen atoms are at 45 degrees from each other, and from the hydrogen atom.
False
Typical tap water salinities range between 9-10 ppt (parts per thousand).
False
Water bugs can travel across the surface of water because water has a LOW surface tension.
False
Water molecules are NOT polarized (dipolar).
False
When water freezes, its volume decreases approximately 5%.
False
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Foraminiferans Oolites Diatoms Radiolarians Coccolithophores
Oolites
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Metal sulfides Tektites Phosphates Manganese nodules Halite and other salts
Tektites
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Diatoms need strong sunlight and are found only within the upper, sunlit surface waters of the ocean BECAUSE they provide most of the silica in biogenous ooze.
The assertion and reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid
100 degrees Celsius is equivalent to 212 degrees Fahrenheit.
True
A thermocline is a rapid change in temperature with depth.
True
As ice forms from water, between 4 deg. C to 0 deg C, the density of the ice DECREASES.
True
At sea level, freshwater boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
True
At sea level, freshwater boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit.
True
At sea level, freshwater ice melts at 32 degrees Fahrenheit
True
At sea level, saltwater (seawater) is liquid at 0 deg C (32 deg F).
True
Average seawater is typically alkaline.
True
Calcium carbonate skeletons typically dissolve in deep water because of the high CO2 levels due to the high pressure.
True
Ice melts, and water boils, at ' higher than typical for its size' temperatures, because the water molecule is polarized.
True
Icebergs are chunks of ice that broke off of the glacier and fell into the ocean.
True
In general, surface salinities are higher in equatorial regions (low latitudes) and lower in polar regions (high latitudes)..
True
In polar regions (high latitudes), the water is often strongly layered, with strongly developed thermoclines and pycnoclines.
True
On a typical coastline, on a sunny day without wind, the rocks and sand will typically heat up faster than the adjacent seawater, because water has a high heat capacity.
True
Overall, the pH of seawater decreases with depth as one descends from 200 meters to a depth of 1000 meters (approx. 3000 feet).
True
Polar regions (high latitudes) often have little to no layering of the water, as the thermoclines and pycnoclines are typically absent or poorly developed
True
Polar regions (high latitudes) often have little to no layering of the water, as the thermoclines and pycnoclines are typically absent or poorly developed.
True
Sea ice has an average salinity of 10 ppt (parts per thousand).
True
Sea ice is formed when ice freezes out of seawater.
True
Seawater is slightly denser than pure (0ppt) water.
True
The oceans are typically layered, with surface waters of slightly lower density than deeper waters.
True
The pH of seawater often ranges between 7 and 9.
True
The water molecule is polarized because the 2 Hydrogen atoms are at a 105 degree angle from each other (and are not 180 degrees from each other).
True
Typical rainwater has an average pH of 5.5-6.
True
Typical tap water has a salinity less than 1 ppt (part per thousand).
True
Water cohesion is because the water molecule is polarized (dipolar).
True
Water has the highest heat capacity of all common liquid substances.
True
Water is the Universal Solvent.
True
Water molecules are polarized (dipolar).
True
Water's high surface tension is because of water's cohesion (because the water molecule is polarized).
True
When water freezes, its volume increases approximately 9-10%.
True
pycnocline
area of rapid change in density with slight change in depth
halocline
area of rapid change in salinity with slight change in depth
condensation
change in state from gas to liquid
evaporation
change in state from liquid to gas
sublimation
change in state from solid to gas
Match the phrase with the appropriate term. Not all answers will be used. evaporation precipitation river input sea ice formation
evaporation- increases precipitation- decreases river input- decreases sea ice formation- increases
The main energy resources associated with marine sediments are petroleum and ________.
gas hydrates
Rock salt (halite) is an example of which of the following sediment types?
hydrogenous sediment
How many holes have been drilled into the sea floor using a drill ship to collect cores for scientific study?
more than 2000
Demand for which of the following resources has skyrocketed in recent years?
rare-earth elements
