Ch 58

The introduction of the , a mollusk fro the Black Sea region, causes clogging of pipes to water and power plants in the Eastern regions of the United States

Blank 1: zebra Blank 2: mussel

The process by which a species expands its geographic range is called .

Blank 1: colonization

It is estimated that what percent of the world's biodiversity may disappear by the middle of this century?

20%

The flightless elephant bird was approximately how tall?

3 meters

In general, if the area of a habitat is reduced by 90%, so that only 10% remains approximately how species will be left?

50%

Approximately what proportion of large animals died after the last Ice Age due to human activity?

80%

An extinction cascade results from which of the following?

A disruption of interactions in an ecosystem

What type of animal is a flying fox?

A type of fruit-eating bat

are a keystone species of the kelp forest ecosystem in Alaska.

Blank 1: Sea Blank 2: otters

In Costa Rica animals from La at 35m above sea level are connected to mountainous habits up to 2900m above sea level.

Blank 1: Selva

Many northern lakes in Europe and North America have essentially been sterilized by .

Blank 1: acid Blank 2: rain

During the last Ice Age speciation occurred in the Amazon greatly increasing the species diversity of this region.

Blank 1: allopatric

Small populations are prone to the loss of genetic variability as a result of genetic .

Blank 1: drift

The Nashua River in New England was once polluted by chemicals from manufacturing plants

Blank 1: dye

Species that are found only in a particular place or region, and nowhere else are said to be .

Blank 1: endemic

Global warming will affect the ice that polar bears use in order to hunt their prey, .

Blank 1: floes Blank 2: seals

Destruction, pollution, disruption, and fragmentation are all ways that humans can adversely affect natural .

Blank 1: habitats or ecosystems

Genetic variation is beneficial to a population because of the advantage.

Blank 1: heterozygote

A species is a species that exerts a greater influence on the structure and functioning of an ecosystem than might be expected solely on the basis of abundance.

Blank 1: keystone

After the rainforest of Manaus, Brazil was commercially logged were the first animals to disappear.

Blank 1: monkeys

The has been reestablished in the eastern United States by releasing captive-breed birds over a 25 year period.

Blank 1: peregrine Blank 2: falcon

The search for genes useful to humans in other organisms is called gene .

Blank 1: prospecting

The dusky seaside once found along the east coast of Florida is now extinct.

Blank 1: sparrow

Select all signs of a diverse, healthy ecosystem.

Breakdown of waste products Maintenance of chemical quality of water Sustained nutrients in the soil

The introduction of which of the following on the island of Guam caused the elimination of most species of forest birds?

Brown tree snake

Choose an example of an extinction cascade.

Overexploitation of whales has led to a disruption of the kelp forest ecosystem

Select all that have contributed to the decline of the cichlid from Lake Victoria.

Eutrophication of the lake The introduction of the water hyacinth The introduction of the Nile perch

The ethical argument for preserving biodiversity states which of the following?

Every species has intrinsic value

Amphibians are dying at an alarming globally due to one cause.

False

Myrica faya has been introduced to Hawaii and adds which element to the soil?

Nitrogen

What is necessary for the long-term success of crop-breeding programs?

Access to genetic variation in the wild relatives of crops

Conservation biology is considered to be which type of science?

Applied

Which of the following animals have seen a sharp decline in caves in Alabama and Tennessee due to visits by humans?

Bats

There is a direct relationship between ecosystem function and which of the following?

Biodiversity

When mosquitos were introduced to the Hawaiian Islands which of the following occurred?

Bird malaria

Historical extinction rates are best known for which animals?

Birds Mammals

Which of the following year-round residents have increased in numbers during the last 50 years?

Blackbirds Robins Starlings

Significant bat loss in caves in these state, and , have occurred due to visits by people.

Blank 1: Alabama Blank 2: Tennessee

The chemical pesticide caused the demise of the peregrine falcon in the eastern United States.

Blank 1: DDT

is the most pervasive form of habitat destruction.

Blank 1: Deforestation

is the ecological state of a species that is unique to a defined geographical region.

Blank 1: Endemism

The heath hen last inhabited , an island near Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

Blank 1: Martha's Blank 2: Vineyard

The River in New England was once severely polluted by chemicals but has been cleaned up.

Blank 1: Nashua

Select the US state that is home to more endemic plant species than any other state.

California

Select all the examples of recovery plans for endangered species.

Captive breeding Habitat restoration Implementation of harvest regulations

To avoid an immediate threat of extinction, direct intervention can be implemented through the use of which of the following?

Captive breeding programs

Prehistoric humans had a major impact on their environment by doing which of the following?

Causing local extinctions of large animals

Near the end of the last Ice Age, what did humans do to cause an extinction of large animals? Choose all that apply.

Cleared forests Hunted them

Imagine that a flock of birds has eaten seeds that are not found along the typical migration route. They defecate over an island, leading to an establishment of this plant species on the island. This is an example of which of the following?

Colonization

What is the major reason that many whale species have declined?

Commercial whaling

Select all ways in which humans can adversely affect natural habitats.

Destruction Habitat fragmentation Disruption Pollution

Select all components of conservation biology.

Development of methods to prevent species declines Determination of the causes of species declines

Which of the following are identified as endemic hotspots?

Eastern Himalayas New Zealand Madagascar

Increased human population in hotspot areas can cause increased habitat destruction of species due to which of the following?

Economic development Land cleared for agriculture

Select statements that are true about endemic species.

Endemic species typically occupy restricted ranges. The number of endemic species can vary greatly from one place to another. Isolated geographic areas often have high percentages of endemic species.

Many frog species are being decimated by a disease called chytridiomycosis caused by which of the following?

Fungus

Crop breeding programs depend on wild relatives of crops mainly for which of the following reasons?

Genetic variation

Riverside willows and beavers have increased in Yellowstone National Park due to the introduction of which predator?

Gray wolf

The number of elk and deer have been lessened in Yellowstone National Park due to the introduction of which of the following predators?

Gray wolf

Adaptive radiation on islands has which of the following effects on speciation?

HIgh speciation rates

What is the major problem that puts species at risk for extinction currently?

Habitat loss

Flying foxes on many South Pacific Islands are being eliminated due to which of the following reasons?

Habitat loss Hunting

How does the edge effects impact a population's chances of survival?

It can significantly degrade a population's chances of survival.

Which of the following describes an endemic species?

It found in only one geographic region.

Which describes the current rate of habitat loss in the tropics?

It is increasing.

The current extinction crisis differs from previous ones for which reason?

It is occurring at an increased rate.

The main direct economic value of biodiversity is which of the following?

Its potential to provide genetic resources for crop improvement

Compared to their progenitors, major world food crops have which of the following?

Less genetic diversity

The largest bird that ever lived was found on which of the following islands?

Madagascar

Select all the benefits of a healthy ecosystem.

Mineral recycling Buffer against drought Absorption of pollution

After habitat fragmentation in Manaus, Brazil which was the first species to disappear?

Monkeys

Select all true statements about the biodiversity crisis.

Prehistoric humans impacted large animal populations more than other species Humans have been responsible for species extinctions in both prehistoric and modern times

Which of the following whales declined first due to commercial whaling?

Right whales

Choose all factors responsible for species extinctions.

Species are rapidly decimated by overexploitation. The destruction of habitat reduces the number of species in a region. Disruption of ecosystem interactions.

Select all reasons to be concerned about the loss of biodiversity worldwide.

Species can provide value even if we do not consume them Species provide direct economic value There is aesthetic value to biodiversity

An unstable ecosystem is typically low in which of the following?

Species richness

The mollusk, zebra mussel, is native to which area?

The Black Sea region

The yellow star thistle introduced to California is a native plant of which area?

The Mediterranean region

What is the major concern associated with the loss of plant and animal resources?

The future development of important products and processes will be impaired.

A significant concern regarding the biodiversity crisis is which of the following?

The increase in the rate of species extinctions

What is the main cause of the loss of cichlid diversity in Lake Victoria?

The introduction of the Nile perch

Which of the following illustrates how food supply can be threatened by the loss of biodiversity?

The loss of the natural habitat of a wild relative of corn which has resistance to several viruses

Select all likely reasons for the vulnerability of island species to extinction.

They often evolve in the absence of predators. They typically have small populations.

Which of the following amphibian characteristics make then especially vulnerable to the environment?

Thin moist skin Aquatic larva need to swim in clean water

What is one method to increase genetic variability in an isolated subpopulation?

Transplant individuals from a different subpopulation

Which of the following is characterized by: (1) significant habitat loss, and (2) only a small fractions of eukaryotic organisms living in this system have been characterized?

Tropics

True or false: Many of the hotspot locations are islands.

True

Which of the following migratory birds have declined significantly over the last 50 years?

Warblers Orioles Thrushes

Our food supply may be threatened by a loss in biodiversity for which reason?

We rely on wild relatives for improvement of crop plants

Select all ways in which wild crop plants may be useful to humans.

When crossed with cultivated plants, they may boost yield They provide genes for disease resistance

Select all examples of the direct economic value of biodiversity.

Wild relatives of crops contribute to plant breeding gains Pharmaceuticals are extracted from plants

The SIerra Nevada yellow-legged frog is rebounding because it is resistant to a fungal disease called .

chytridiomycosis

are the changes in population or community structures that occur at the boundary of two or more habitats.

edge effects

Gene prospecting is possible because of advances in which of the following?

genome research

In the past, the majority of species extinctions have occurred where?

on islands

Corridors prevent ______.

populations from becoming isolated from each other

The aesthetic argument for preserving biodiversity is that

there is value in the beauty of the natural world