ch 6-10 exam
device for replicating sound that used a hand-cranked grooved cylinder and a needle; who patented it?
"talking machine"; Thomas Edison
prime ad time during 2021 Super Bowl cost
$5.6 million for 30 seconds
average American household receives how many channels?
191.8 channels
average age range of a gameplayer
35-44 years old
percent of gamers play with others, either in-person or online
65%
percent of American gamers own a dedicated game console
73%
big-budget, sophisticated, graphics-rich games; most computer-processing-hungry; can be played seamlessly without skip or lag in action if all computing power necessary resides on distant computers; Call of Duty, Fortnite
AAA games
big three broadcasting networks; different from cable; regulated by the FCC
ABC NBC CBS
KALX
ABC affiliate
the switching network that went online in 1969 and became fully operational and reliable within one year
ARPAnet
established to sponsor and coordinate sophisticated defense-related research; commissioned Paul Baran to produce a plan that would enable the US military to maintain command over its missiles and planes if a nuclear attack knocked out conventional means of communication
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)
who joined together to create the RCA
American Marconi General Electric American Telephone and Telegraph Westinghouse
leaders of the personal computer revolution
Bill Gates duo Steve Jobs and Stephen Wozniak
holds the title "originator of the computer"
Charles Babbage
app designed to deliver the message that the chain only uses natural products, well-known award-winning effort
Chipotle's The Scarecrow
the first electronic digital computer
Colossus
used a montage to create passion, move emotions, and heighten suspense in the most influential silent film ever made
D. W. Griffith
invented the first mass-produced arcade game...
David Gottlieb; Baffle Ball
video game ratings
EC- early childhood, 3+ E- everyone, 6+ E10+- everyone 10+ T- teen, 13+ M- mature, 17+ AO- adults only, 18+
the first "full-service" electronic computer based off the work of John V. Atanasoff; introduced by scientists John Mauchly and John Presper Eckert; 18ft tall, 80ft long, 60,000lbs, composed of 17,500 vacuum tubes and 500 miles of electrical wire
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC)
his gramophone used a flat, rotating, wax-coated disc that could easily be copied or pressed from a metal master; revolutionary, had a huge impact
Emile Berliner
rating system for games
Entertainment Software Ratings Board
depression that develops when preteens and teens spend a great deal of time on social media sites and then begin to exhibit classic symptoms of depression
Facebook depression
being resentful of the happiness others show on social media
Facebook envy
regulates/monitors what goes out over airwaves/over the air broadcasting; makes sure content is appropriate and ordered, assigns frequencies
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
established to administer the provisions act; gave way to the FCC, and its regulatory authority was cemented
Federal Radio Commission (FRC)
movie ratings by the NPAA
G- general PG- parental guidance PG-13- parental guidance under 13 yrs R- restricted, 18+, 17 with parent NC-17- no children or under 17 X NR- not rated or not submitted
actively and passively measures viewing as people consume video on a growing array of technologies
Global Television Audience Metering (GTAM) meter
the first imported video game; first game to use a computer microprocessor
Gunfight
invented..., the first electronic pinball game
Harry Williams; Contact
a global network of interconnected computers that communicate freely and share and exchange information
Internet
first person to make practical use of a camera and film
Joseph Nicephore Niepce
revolutionary because it introduced open structure play, players could go wherever they wanted and there were multiple routes to winning; now standard in modern games
Legend of Zelda
introduced the daguerreotype
Louis Daguerre
performed in front of a live audience; best remembered as "that zany redhead" who transformed business and look of television; made filmed reruns possible; weekly series could be produced quick and inexpensively; TV industry moved from New York to...
Lucille Ball, I Love Lucy; Hollywood
call letters starting with K and W in relation to the...
Mississippi River; K is west, W is east
KALB
NBC affiliate
rates movies/tv shows so we know what is in the movie
NPAA
three big publishers for video games
Nintendo Microsoft Sony
trademark dog for RCA Victor
Nipper
dedicated himself to developing a coin-operated version of Spacewar; designed a futuristic-looking fiberglass cabinet; quit his engineering job and incorporated...in 1972
Nolan Bushnell; Atari
best selling arcade game of all time
Pacman
pioneer in the development of television; made his first public demonstration, film clips of a prize fight, movie scenes, and other graphic images
Philo Farnsworth
spark that set off game revolution; Atari's arcade Ping-Pong game
Pong
act that united the educational stations into an important network
Public Broadcasting Act of 1967
funded by memberships, corporate messages; just like NPR, no ads; Public Broadcasting Act of 1967
Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)
a government-sanctioned monopoly, but its creation avoided direct government control of the new medium (radio)
Radio Corporation of America (RCA)
corporate independent studios
Sony Pictures Classics New Line Cinema (Warner) Searchlight (Disney) Focus Features (Universal)
most influential silent film ever made
The Birth of a Nation
first talkie
The Jazz Singer
selects 41,000 households, about 100,000 people, thought to be representative of the entire US viewing audience; employs the Global Television Audience Metering (GTAM) meter; company determines the programs watched, who watched them, and time spent with them
The Nielson Ratings
built the first motion picture studio near his laboratory in New Jersey; what was the name?
Thomas Edison; Black Maria
means of accessing information on the Internet; uses hypertext transfer protocols (HTTP) to transport files from one place to another
World Wide Web (WWW)
a video game when the action of it takes place interactively on-screen
a game
goal is to produce an enjoyable experience for players while introducing them to the product and product information; Chipotle's The Scarecrow
advergaming
companies and organizations that want to get their noncommercial messages out use...
advocacy gaming
goes up to the atmosphere and back; travels farther; susceptible to weather interference, static; talk format
amplitude modulation (AM)
a vacuum tube that improved and amplified wireless signals; who invented it?
audion tube; Lee DeForest
cable tiers
basic cable programming premium cable
a code made up of the digits 1 and 0; information could be stored and manipulated
binary code
delivering TV, video on demand, audio, high-speed Internet access, long-distance and local phone service, multiple phone lines and fax via cable
bundling
not regulated like over-the-air by the FCC
cable
classic games such as card games, table games, matching games, and word and trivia games; today's mobile gaming; Candy Crush, Angry Birds, Farmville
casual games
a device that both photographed and projected action
cinematographe
the storage of system-operating software, including sophisticated and expensive digital and special-effects programs, on off-site, third-party servers hosted on the Internet that offer on-demand, for-lease access
cloud computing
55% feel video games help them...; 50% say games help them spend...
connect with friends; time with family
an identifying code added to a computer's hard drive by a visited website
cookies
protecting content creators' financial interest in their product
copyright
viewers leaving cable and DBS altogether and relying on Internet-only television viewing
cord-cutting
produce movies that have the look and feel of independent films
corporate independent studios
a process of recording images on polished metal plates, covered with a thin layer of silver iodide emulsion
daguerreotype
the massive collection and distillation of consumer data
dataveillance
artificial intelligence-enhanced video and audio designed to present people saying or doing things that they never actually said or did
deep fakes
the delivery of digital images and other information to subscribers, offers the truest form of interactive television
digital cable television
the lack of technological access among specific groups of Americans
digital divide
people who have never known a world without the Internet
digital natives
viewers can stop images with no loss of fidelity; can subtitle a movie in a number of languages; can search for specific scenes from an on-screen menu; can access bonus features that give background on the movie, its production, and its personnel; served to alter the relationship between television and its audiences
digital video disc (DVD)
contains digital software that puts a significant amount of control over content in viewers' hands; can rewind and play back portions of a program while they are watching and recording it without losing any of that show
digital video recorder (DVR)
falsehoods designed to achieve a political goal, the "dismemberment of a public discourse centered an objective truth", leading to truth decay
disinformation
supplying of movies
distribution
streamed online game competition
e-sports
first just a montage of pictures that appeared to have motion when viewed sequentially
early silent films
the showing of movies
exhibition
technology capable of identifying or verifying the identity of an individual from a digital image or video source
facial recognition technology
inaccurate news stories intentionally designed to deceive and be spread online; very same technologies that can empower users who wish to challenge those more powerful than themselves can also be used to lie and cheat
fake news
41% of all American gamers are...; ...18 or older present a greater proportion of the gaming population than...18 or younger
female; women...boys
video game in which all action is through the eyes of the player; popularized by which games?
first-person perspective game; Doom and Myst
programming produced specifically for sale into syndication on a market-by-market basis
first-run syndication
consuming advertising or even spending actual cash allows players to progress in their play
freemium games
signal is wider, allowing the broadcast not only of stereo but also of better fidelity to the original sound than the narrower amplitude modulation across the horizon; entertainment, music purposes
frequency modulation (FM)
how does the NPR get money?; what does NPR stand for?
funding, grants, donations, no ads; National Public Radio
the idea that as electronic media "shrink" the world, humans will become increasingly involved in one another's lives
global village
ways to listen to music
gramophone 33 vinyl 45 vinyl 8-track cassette CD mp3
about 4,000 proposals a year; if network approves script, it will order production of a pilot; generally about 88 episodes, four years on a network; producers can sell the syndicated package to highest bidder, keeping all the revenues for themselves
how a program reaches the screen
games that are even more casual; Ketchapp, Voodoo
hyper-casual games
How do movies impact culture?
influence audience towards certain behaviors and attitudes; opinions are inserted on current/social issues to influence cultural attitudes
first audio device permitting the reception of wireless voice transmissions; who invented it?`
liquid barretter; Reginald Fessenden
TV program viewership over time, across multiple platforms, and on-demand
long-tail viewing
in-game treasure chests that can be opened through gameplay or paying real money, giving players access to unnamed treasure inside
loot boxes
something related to a movie that sells
merchandise tie-ins
mere falsehoods
misinformation
tying together two separate but related shots in such a way that they take on a new, unified meaning
montage
the first movie houses, admission was one nickel
nickelodeons
people watching on their own schedules
nonlinear TV viewing
regulated by the FCC, not cable
over-the-air
effects of the 24 hour news cycle
people find out news quicker and react quicker
trial programs
pilots
the illegal recording and sale of copyrighted material and high-quality recordings; unethical, devalues, basically stealing product
piracy
daily gameplay was up 115% over...during what?
pre-quarantine levels; 2020's coronavirus lockdown
product being used within a movie
product placement
sponsors use games to reach their targets in four ways
product placement freemium games advergaming advocacy gaming
product used in a game is there forever; placement is permanent and can't be skipped; more positive association for players with brands; players don't mind ads if game will cost less or even free; ads are effective; once static, now dynamic, sponsor can alter on the fly and remotely
product placement in video games
making of movies
production
three components to making movies
production distribution exhibition
three important realities of the contemporary game industry
production, promotion, and distribution costs are soaring 50% of all games introduced to the market fail all 10 of 2020's best sellers were either a franchise sequel or a licensed title
local, fragmented, specialized, personal, mobile
radio
most pervasive/far reaching; can take with you; dynamic and growing always do something else while listening
radio
symbiotic relationship; ...needs content; ....needs an outlet
radio and recording industry; radio; recording industry
convergence of...has aided the rebirth of the radio networks
radio and satellite
widely distributed; operate in certain areas; different genres, each have their own sound
radio stations
artificial intelligence is not
regulated
where are ratings on games?
required content descriptors somewhere on the front or back of the game package explaining why the rating was assigned
how movie theaters make money; 80% markup
selling snacks
how has movie production changed?
shifted to digital production instead shot on film; distribution means supplying to TV networks, cable and satellite networks, makers of DVDs, and Internet streaming companies
gaming's most popular genre
single-player
players tend to stay with a game site longer than other websites; another reason advertisers are attracted to online games
sticky
downloading streamed media to a file on a personal device to be accessed locally
stream ripping
broadcast at the same time five evenings a week
stripped
pay to run something on your program or channel
syndication
sale of radio or television content to stations on a market-by-market basis
syndication
the first sound films to be created
talkies
the widening disparity between the communication technology haves and have-nots
technology gap
just over 120 million, 96% of all US homes; average American watches 27 hours a week; reaches more adults each day than any other medium; 88% adults admit they lost sleep because of it
television
most believable medium; can see and hear; 24 hour news cycle
television
time from when a movie is first released to theaters until it can be sold directly to retailers and the public
theatrical window
What contribution did the Lumiere brothers make to the movie industry?
their initial screenings demonstrated that people would sit in a darkened room to watch motion pictures projected on a screen; since them, movies have been shot on film
games are relatively inexpensive; sticky, message is reinforced with each play; interactive, making them a more powerful means of communicating with potential voters, especially younger ones
three significant strengths seen by supporters of political advocacy games
groupings of channels made available to subscribers at varying prices; how cable is sold to you
tiers
taping a show for later viewing
time-shifting
means exclusion from opportunities to learn, earn a living, access to important services, and participate fully in democracy
to be offline
the actual number of people watching rather than a percentage of possible viewers who tune in
total viewer impressions
the diminishing role of facts and analysis in public life
truth decay
a system in which studios produced their own films, distributed them through their own outlets, and exhibited them in their own theaters
vertical integration
most interactive medium
video games
three-quarters of all American households, and 64% of Americans, 70% of those under 18 play regularly
video games
the ability to access pay-per-view movies and other content that can be watched at any time
video-on-demand (VOD)
quickly became common in American homes but were declared dead in 2016 as the last manufacturer, Japan's Funai Electronics, ceased production; introduced time-shifting and zipping
videocassette recorders (VCR)
when you can't meet a candidate, the media portrays and shows them in a certain light/way in the media
virtual democracy
through use of a headset generate realistic images, sounds, and other sensations that replicate an actual or imaginary environment, stimulate players' physical presence there and make it possible for them to interact with the space
virtual reality (VR) games
massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs), interactive online games where characters and actions are controlled by other players, not computer; Sims, Second World
virtual world games
average 30-second prime-time network television spot cost
well over $100,000
fast-forwarding through taped commercials
zipping