Ch 6 & 7

O: posterior surface of lateral condyle of humerus I: posterior surface of upper ulna and olecranon A: extension of elbow

anconeus

O: coracoid process & supraglenoid tubercle I: radial tuberosity A: flexion of elbow and supination of forearm

biceps brachii

musculotaneous nerve innervates the

biceps brachii and brachialis

what are the elbow flexor muscles?

biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, pronator teres

what are the anterior muscles of the elbow that focus primarily on flexion and pronation?

biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, pronator teres, pronator quadratus

what are the radioulnar supinators?

biceps brachii, supinator, brachioradialis

O: distal half of anterior portion of humerus I: coronoid process of ulnaA: true flexion of elbow

brachialis

-Movement of the thumb side of the hand toward the lateral aspect or radial side of the forearm -Movement of fingers away from the middle finger

Wrist abduction or radial deviation

-Movement of the little finger side of the hand toward the medial aspect or ulnar side of the forearm -Movement of fingers toward the middle finger

Wrist adduction or ulnar flexion

O: distal two-thirds of later condyloid (supracondylar) ridge of humerus I: Lateral surface of distal end of radius at styloid process A: flexion of elbow, pronation from supinated position to neutral, supination from pronated to neutral

brachioradialis

the bony arch in the carpal bone is spanned by the transverse carpal and volar carpal ligaments which creates the ____

carpal tunnel syndrome

the wrist joint allows for what type of movement?

flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

list the movements of the elbow

flexion, extension, supination, pronation

O: medial epicondyle of humerus I: Base of second and third metacarpals, anterior (palmar surface) A: flexion of wrist, abduction of wrist

flexor carpi radialis

what are the three wrist flexors?

flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus

O: proximal 3/4 of anterior and medial ulna I: base of distal phalanxes of the 4 fingers A: flexion of 4 fingers at MCP and PIP joints, and DIP joints, flexion of wrist

flexor digitorum profundus

O: Medial epicondyle of humerus Ulnar head: medial coronoid process Radial head: upper 2/3 of anterior border of radius I: split tendons attach to sides of middle phalanx of four fingers (palmar surface) A: flexion of fingers at MCP and PIP joints, flexion of wrist

flexor digitorum superficialis

hand flexors?

flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus

MCP joint of the thumb is classified as what kind of joint?

ginglymus

The proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) and distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) are classified as what kind of joint?

ginglymus

the elbow is a ____ joint

ginglymus (hinge joint)

Muscular pad that forms the ulnar border on the palmar surface

hypothenar eminence

which of the following statements is true about the carrying angle?

it permits the forearms to clear the hips in the swinging movements during walking

this muscle has an attachment on the 3rd MCP joint. What is the origin? (extendor muscle)

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

what bony landmarks does the flexors originate?

medial epicondyle of humerus

which of the following is the origin of the flexor carpi radialis?

medial epicondyle of humerus

which of the following is the origin of the palmaris longus muscle?

medial epicondyle of the humerus

Ulnar collateral ligament ligament is critical in providing __________ from when stressed during physical activity

medial support to prevent the elbow from abducting

All elbow and radioulnar joints muscles are innervated from the _____ of the brachial plexus

median, musculotaneous, and radial nerves

Movement of the thumb across the palmar aspect to oppose any or all of the phalanges

opposition

O: medial epicondyle of humerus I: palmaris aponeurosis of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals A: flexion of wrist

palmaris longus

this muscle is one that is used in the repair of the UCL in the elbow. Over 20% of the population does not have this tendon.

palmaris longus

O: distal fourth of anterior side of ulna I: distal fourth of anterior side of radius A: Pronation of forearm

pronator quadratus

O: distal part of medial condyloid ridge of humerus and medial side of the proximal ulna I: middle third of lateral surface of the radius A: pronation of forearm

pronator teres

median nerve innervates the __ and ___ muscles

pronator teres and pronatore quadratus

what are the radioulnar pronators?

pronator teres, pronator quadratus, brachioradialis

Movement of the palm of the hand and/or the phalanges toward the anterior or volar aspect of the forearm

wrist flexion

in the wrist and hand, there are __ bones, more than __ joints, and more than __ muscles, of which __ are intrinsic

29, 25, 30, 18

the radioulnar joint supinates ___ degrees from neutral position and pronates ____ degrees from neutral position

80-90, 70-90

O: posterior aspect of the radius and midshaft of ulna I: base of first metacarpal (dorsal lateral surface) A: Abduction of thumb at CMC joint, abduction of wrist, extension of thumb at CMC joint

Abductor pollicis longus

musculotaneous nerve branches from

C5 and C6

radial nerve originates from the ____

C5, C6, C7, and C8

median nerve originates from

C6 and C7

Swelling and inflammation can cause increased pressure in the carpal tunnel resulting in decreased function of the median nerve, leading to reduced motor and sensory functioning of its distribution

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

O: between the middle and distal 1/3 of posterior ulna I: base of middle and dis. phalanxes of 2nd phalange (dorsal surface) A: extension of the index finger at the MCP joint

Extensor Indicis

O: distal 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and lateral epicondyle of humerus I: base of 2nd metacarpal (dorsal surface) A: extension of wrist, abduction of wrist

Extensor carpi radialis longus

O: posterior lateral surface of lower middle ulna I: base of distal phalanx of distal (Dorsal surface) A: extension of thumb at CMP joint, MCP joint, and IP joint, extension of wrist, abduction of wrist

Extensor pollicis longus

what is the most dislocated carpal bone?

Lunate, kienbox disease

Provides sensation to the palmar aspect of the hand and first three phalanges, the palmar aspect of radial side of the fourth finger, and the dorsal aspect of index and the long fingers

Median Nerve

Provides sensation to the posterolateral arm, forearm, and hand

Radial nerve

what is the most fractured carpal bone?

Scaphoid bone, from falling on outstretched hand (anatomical snuff box)

UCL surgical reconstruction using a tendon graft such as the palmaris longus the palmaris longus tendon

Tommy John procedure

O: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, distal two-thirds of posterior surface of humerus, upper half of posterior surface of humerus I: Olecranon process of ulna A: Extension of elbow (Long head= ext of shoulder joint, aDduction of sh. joint, horiz. aBduction)

Triceps Brachii

metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) is classified as what kind of joint?

condyloid

the wrist is what type of joint?

condyloid-type joint AND radiocarpal joint

Movement of the forearm away from the shoulder by straightening the elbow to increase its angle

elbow extension

Movement of the forearm to the shoulder forearm to the shoulder by bending the elbow toby bending the elbow to decrease its angle

elbow flexion

Internal rotary movement of the radius on the ulna that results in the hand moving from a palm-up to a palm-down position

elbow pronation

external rotary movement of radius on ulna that results in hand moving from palm-down to palm-up position

elbow supination

which of the following is not an action of the brachioradialis muscle?

extension of the elbow

which of the following is the primary function of the extensor pollicis longus muscle?

extension of the thumb

what are the three wrist extensors?

extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor carpi ulnaris

O: middle two-fourths of the posterior border of the ulna I: base of fifth metacarpal (dorsal surface) A: extension of wrist, adduction of wrist together with the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

extensor carpi ulnaris

O: middle two-fourths of the posterior border of the ulna I: base of fifth metacarpal (dorsal surface) A: extension of wrist, aduction of wrist together with the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

extensor carpi ulnaris

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: base of middle and dis. phalanxes off 5th phalange (distal surface) A: extension of little finger at the MCP joint

extensor digit minimi

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: 4 tendons to bases of middle and distal phalanxes of 4 fingers (dorsal surface) A: extension of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th, phalanges at MCP joints, extension of wrist

extensor digitorum muscle

When tightening a screw with a screwdriver that involves radioulnar supination, we tend to _____ and ____, respectively

externally rotate and flex the glenohumeral and elbow joints

what 2 movements does the flexor carpi radialis perform?

flexion, abduction

what 2 movements does the flexor carpi ulnaris perform?

flexion, adduction

the CMC joint of the thumb is classified as what kind of joint?

saddle-type joint

S L T P T T C H

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Thumb has a _____ bone in its flexor tendon

sesamoid

As the elbow flexes 20 degrees or more, its bony stability is unlocked, allowing for more ______

side-to-side laxity

As the elbow flexes 20 degrees or or more, its bony stability , its bony stability is is unlocked, allowing for more , allowing for more ______

side-to-side laxity

list the movements of the wrist and hand

supination, pronation, flexion (wrist), extension (wrist), flexion (fingers), extension (fingers), ulnar deviation, radial deviation, abduction, adduction

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, neighboring posterior part of ulna I: lateral surface of proximal radius just below head A: Supination of forearm

supinator muscle

because the joint between shafts of the radius and ulna are held tightly together between the proximal and distal articulations interosseus membrane

syndesmosis

in the wrist, motion occurs primarily between _____

tconhe distal radius and the proximal carpal row (scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum)

common problem usually involving the extensor digitorum muscle near its origin on the later epicondyle. Associated with GRIPPING and LIFTING activities

tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis)

which of the following is the insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus muslce?

the base of the distal phalanges of the four fingers

which of the following is the insertion of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle?

the base of the fifth metacarpal on the dorsal surface

Movement of the back of the hand and/or the phalanges toward the posterior or the dorsal aspect of the forearm

wrist extension

which of the following muscles performs adduction of the wrist?

the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

which of the following muscles performs flexion of the thumb?

the flexor pollicis longus muscle

Muscular pad on the palmar surface of the 1st metacarpal

thenar eminence

What are the elbow extensors?

triceps brachii, anconeus

what are the posterior muscles of the elbow that focus primarily on extension and supination?

triceps brachii, anconeus, supinator

radial nerve innervates

triceps brachii, brachioradialis, supinator, and anconeus

the radioulnar joint is what kind of joint?

trochoid (pivot-type) joint

which of the following is the sole action of the brachialis muscle?

true flexion of the elbow

Particularly crucial to high-velocity sporting activities, such as baseball pitching, that require optimal medial elbow stability

ulnar collateral ligament (UCL)