Ch. 6 HW Qs (Exam 2)

Protein requirements are in part based on a person's: Select one: a. no answer is correct. b. all of these are correct. c. body weight. d. age. e. health status.

b. all of these are correct.

A chemical score is calculated by comparing the amount of the limiting amino acid in the test protein with the amount of that amino acid in a reference protein such as: Select one: a. no answer is correct. b. egg protein. c. soy protein. d. human muscle protein. e. wheat protein.

b. egg protein.

If the shape of a protein is altered due to a genetic mutation, the _______________ of the protein may be affected. Select one: a. nutritional value b. functionality c. texture d. taste e. no answer is correct

b. functionality

All of the following components are always associated with an amino acid EXCEPT: Select one: a. an amino group. b. an acid group. c. a phosphate group. d. no answer is correct. e. a side chain (functional group).

c. a phosphate group.

Obtaining protein from plant foods may be advantageous because plant foods: Select one: a. no answer is correct. b. are typically good sources of fiber. c. all of these statements are correct. d. may lower blood cholesterol when consumed regularly. e. may contain healthy poly- and mono- unsaturated fats.

c. all of these statements are correct.

The enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin: Select one: a. are needed to denature proteins. b. no answer is correct. c. break large polypeptides into smaller peptides. d. are needed to make nonessential amino acids. e. rearrange the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide.

c. break large polypeptides into smaller peptides.

Which statement about amino acid absorption is FALSE? Select one: a. Dipeptides and tripeptides are broken down to individual amino acids before leaving the mucosal cells of the small intestine. b. Absorption of larger polypeptides occurs commonly in healthy adults. c. If one amino acid is supplemented, it can slow the absorption of other amino acids. d. Groups of similar amino acids share the same transport system. e. no answer is correct.

b. Absorption of larger polypeptides occurs commonly in healthy adults.

Which of the following is TRUE of protein needs in athletes? Select one: a. It is unlikely that protein requirements in excess of the AMDR would be required. b. All of these statements are correct. c. Protein supplements are not typically necessary as long as kcal needs are met. d. None of these statements is correct. e. Strength and endurance athletes may require 50-100 percent more protein than the RDA.

b. All of these statements are correct.

__________________ are at increased risk of not getting adequate vitamin B12 in their diet. Select one: a. Adolescent males (pre-puberty) b. Pregnant and lactating women c. Lacto-ovo vegetarians d. Vegan vegetarians e. Trained athletes

d. Vegan vegetarians

Which of the following is the best dietary source of isoflavones? Select one: a. Soy products b. Beef c. Whole milk d. Citrus fruits e. Refined grains

a. Soy products

Which of the following statements is true regarding an amino acid pool? Select one: a. Amino acids in the pool can be metabolized for energy. b. Structural proteins have a quick rate of turnover. c. All types of proteins are synthesized at a constant rate. d. Only dietary protein is added to the amino acid pool. e. None of these statements is true regarding an amino acid pool.

a. Amino acids in the pool can be metabolized for energy.

What is true about the protein in the modern American diet? Select one: a. Approximately two-thirds of the dietary protein comes from meat. b. Protein deficiency is common in the United States. c. No answer is correct. d. People who choose a vegetarian diet are deficient in protein. e. Extra protein in the diet promotes weight loss.

a. Approximately two-thirds of the dietary protein comes from meat.

Which of the following terms can be used to describe a protein? Select one: a. Polypeptide b. Branched amino acid chain c. Monopeptide d. Polysaccharide e. No answer is correct

a. Polypeptide

The basic building blocks of proteins are: Select one: a. amino acids. b. monosaccharides. c. no answer is correct. d. sterols. e. ketone bodies.

a. amino acids.

Isoflavones are chemically similar to the hormone: Select one: a. estrogen. b. insulin. c. cortisol. d. melatonin. e. testosterone.

a. estrogen.

A pattern of food intake that eliminates all animal products is called: Select one: a. vegan vegetarian. b. pesco vegetarian. c. phyto vegetarian. d. no answer is correct. e. lacto-ovo vegetarian.

a. vegan vegetarian.

Protein complementation is most important for people who are: Select one: a. lacto-ovo vegetarians. b. vegan vegetarians. c. recovering from surgery. d. no answer is correct. e. consumers of both plant and animal foods.

b. vegan vegetarians.

The AMDR for protein intake is _______ percent of energy intake. Select one: a. 45-65 b. 20-35 c. 10-35 d. no answer is correct e. 30-45

c. 10-35

The specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is determined by Select one: a. random interactions between free amino acids in the cytoplasm of cells. b. the types of food proteins that a person consumes. c. DNA found in the nucleus of cells. d. GI tract peptidases.

c. DNA found in the nucleus of cells.

What is role of genes in synthesizing protein? Select one: a. No answer is correct. b. Genes maintain a constant supply of amino acids. c. Genes provide the code to synthesize proteins. d. Genes must be obtained from the food supply. e. Genes prevent protein degradation.

c. Genes provide the code to synthesize proteins.

Which of the following statements is true about protein digestion? Select one: a. Hydrochloric acid is used to convert peptides into amino acids. b. Much dietary protein is lost in the feces. c. Most protein digestion takes place in the small intestine. d. No answer is correct. e. Denaturation of protein takes place in the small intestine.

c. Most protein digestion takes place in the small intestine.

Why must some amino acids be consumed in the diet? Select one: a. They are more important than others. b. They have a more complex structure than others. c. They cannot be synthesized by the body. d. No answer is correct. e. They are more susceptible to environmental insults.

c. They cannot be synthesized by the body.

An antibody: Select one: a. catalyzes chemical reactions in the body. b. helps circulate lipids in the blood. c. is a type of protein that helps protect the body from foreign substances. d. no answer is correct. e. regulates the acid-base balance (pH) in the body.

c. is a type of protein that helps protect the body from foreign substances.

Which of the following functions is performed by proteins in the body? Select one: a. Structure b. Transport c. None of these functions are performed by proteins d. All of these functions are performed by proteins e. Immunity

d. All of these functions are performed by proteins

Which metabolic waste product increases when amino acids are converted to other metabolic intermediates? Select one: a. Pyruvate b. No answer is correct. c. Carbon dioxide. d. Ammonia e. Bilirubin

d. Ammonia

How are protein needs met through complementation? Select one: a. A protein of animal origin must complement the plant source of protein. b. Any plant proteins can be combined to provide the essential amino acids needed. c. No answer is correct. d. Combining two plant proteins, rice and beans, will provide the essential amino acids needed. e. The body must produce the amino acids to complement the protein needed.

d. Combining two plant proteins, rice and beans, will provide the essential amino acids needed.

Why is the shape of a protein important? Select one: a. It can be denatured. b. No answer is correct. c. It can sustain changes in environmental conditions. d. It determines the protein's function. e. It can be synthesized by the body.

d. It determines the protein's function.

To estimate protein requirements, you must know a person's: Select one: a. height. b. all of these would be required. c. no answer is correct. d. body weight. e. urinary ammonia output.

d. body weight.

Protein differs from carbohydrate and lipid in that protein: Select one: a. is not considered to be an essential nutrient. b. is classified as an inorganic molecule. c. no answer is correct. d. contains the element nitrogen. e. does not provide the body with a source of energy.

d. contains the element nitrogen.

The primary source of protein for most of the world's population is: Select one: a. fruits. b. dairy. c. meat. d. grains and vegetables. e. no answer is correct.

d. grains and vegetables.

Which structure(s) is/are involved in protein translation? Select one: a. Nucleus and nucleosome b. Plasma membrane and trans-Golgi. c. No answer is correct. d. Mitochondria e. Ribosome and tRNA

e. Ribosome and tRNA

What is true about the functions of proteins in the body? Select one: a. They provide an efficient energy source for the body. b. They delay metabolic reactions. c. They function effectively in a wide range of pH levels. d. No answer is correct. e. They transport substances throughout the body.

e. They transport substances throughout the body.

Gene expression and protein synthesis involve: Select one: a. translation. b. none of these choices. c. transcription d. messenger RNA. e. all of these choices.

e. all of these choices.

Excessive intake of animal protein foods could cause: Select one: a. excessive bone mineralization, causing brittleness. b. increased waste production overworking the liver. c. a diet to be too low in energy. d. no answer is correct. e. an increased risk of heart disease.

e. an increased risk of heart disease.

Positive nitrogen balance can occur: Select one: a. when an individual is wasting as a result of protein-energy malnutrition. b. no answer is correct. c. if protein intake does not meet an individual's protein requirements. d. when total body nitrogen balance does not change for 30 days. e. in a rapidly growing child.

e. in a rapidly growing child.