Ch 6 Integumentary System Test

A splinter pierces through the epidermal layers of the sole of the foot in the following order: 1. stratum basale 2. stratum corneum 3. stratum granulosum 4. stratum lucidum 5. stratum spinosum

2, 3, 5, 1, 4

Which of the following letters in the ABCDE rule for recognizing melanomas is incorrect?

D stands for diagnosis.

(T/F) Collagen and elastic fibers are common in the epidermis of the skin.

False

(T/F) Joe just burned his hand on a hot pot. A blister forms and the burn is painful; Joe's burn would best be described as a third-degree, or full-thickness, burn.

False

(T/F) Milia are most common during old age when secretions accumulate in the sebaceous glands.

False

(T/F) Synovial membrane occurs in pairs with a parietal and visceral layer.

False

(T/F) The ABCDE rule is used for classifying burns.

False

(T/F) The epidermis is made mostly of dense (fibrous) connective tissue.

False

(T/F) The reason that the nail bed appears pink is the presence of a large number of melanocytes in the underlying dermis.

False

(T/F) When an individual is exposed to extremely low air temperatures, the capillaries of the skin will dilate so that blood will flush into skin capillary beds and heat will radiate.

False

The layer responsible for whorled ridges on the epidermal surfaces is indicated by ________.

Label A

The arrector pili muscle is represented by ________.

Label B

The gland that produces a mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells is indicated by ________.

Label C

The hypodermis, or subcutaneous tissue, is represented by ________.

Label D

The gland that produces sweat is indicated by ________.

Label E

The hair follicle is indicated by ________.

Label F

Which of the following is a vital function of the skin?

The skin converts modified epidermal cholesterol to vitamin D.

(T/F) Apocrine gland secretions are normally odorless, and may be milky or yellowish in color.

True

(T/F) Apocrine glands are associated with hair follicles in the armpit and genital regions.

True

(T/F) Both nails and hair are produced by stratum basale of the epidermis.

True

(T/F) Both serous fluid and synovial fluid serve as lubricants in their respective locations.

True

(T/F) Nails and hair are both composed of keratin.

True

(T/F) Sebaceous glands and sweat glands are cutaneous glands associated with the skin.

True

(T/F) Squamous cell carcinoma arises from cells of the stratum spinosum.

True

(T/F) The arrector pili muscle contracts and pulls hairs upright when we are cold or frightened.

True

(T/F) The connective tissue composing the dermis is made of two regions: the papillary and the reticular areas.

True

(T/F) The majority of the cells in the epidermis are keratinocytes.

True

(T/F) The pigments that contribute to skin color are melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin.

True

(T/F) The rule of nines is used to estimate how much of the body surface is burned.

True

Which of the following is an indication of melanoma?

a pigmented spot that contains areas of different colors

A genetic switch turns on male pattern baldness in response to ________.

age

Which of the following is a skin cancer that accounts for 80% of all skin cancer cases and affects the cells of stratum basale?

basal cell carcinoma

Which of the following stimulates eccrine sweat glands to release sweat?

both by high temperatures and by hormones, especially male hormones

People who produce a lot of melanin have a skin tone that is ________.

brown

What provides toughness to the dermis and holds water in this skin layer?

collagen fibers

The outermost layer of the epidermis is keratinized and known as stratum ________.

corneum

The only dry membrane is the ________.

cutaneous membrane

Nutrients reach the surface of the skin (epidermis) through the process of ________.

diffusion

What type of cutaneous gland produces sweat that cools the body upon evaporation from the skin?

eccrine gland

The two main layers of skin are ________.

epidermis and dermis

The sebaceous and sweat glands associated with the skin are classified as ________ glands because they release secretions to the skin's surface via ducts.

exocrine

What type of burn only involves injury to the superficial epidermis?

first

Where does hair growth occur?

hair matrix

When James shaves his face, which portion of the hair is removed?

hair shaft

The Staphylococcus infection of the skin that causes pink, water-filled, raised lesions is known as ________.

impetigo

The skin and its derivatives (nails, glands, and hairs) form the ________.

integumentary system

Which of the following abnormal skin colors results from liver disorders?

jaundice

Although you get wet while swimming, which tough protein within the skin prevents it from soaking up moisture like a sponge?

keratin

Where are mucous membranes found?

lining the inside of the stomach

The white crescent area located over the nail matrix is called the ________.

lunule

Your 70-year-old grandfather shows signs of loss of hair and some baldness. What age-related disorder do you suspect is the cause?

male pattern baldness

Hair color is due to a pigment known as ________.

melanin

The "tanning" effect (darkening of the skin) that occurs when a person is exposed to the sun is due to the increased presence of ________.

melanin

Which of the following are pigments that contribute to skin color?

melanin; carotene; hemoglobin

What skin disorder is recognized using the ABCDE rule?

melanoma

Which of the following membranes lines body cavities that are open to the exterior?

mucous

Fingerprints and footprints in the epidermis are created by dermal papillae present in the ________.

papillary layer of the dermis

The membrane shown in Figure 4.2 is a ________. (Surrounds the lungs)

pleura, a serous membrane

Which of the following contains chemicals that kill bacteria and prevent bacterial invasions of the skin?

sebum

Which of the following is a lubricant that keeps skin soft and moist and also contains chemicals that kill bacteria?

sebum

A nurse tends to a patient with a sunburn. Upon examination, she sees blisters and red skin. What type of burn does the patient most likely have?

second-degree burn

The pleura and pericardium are examples of ________ membranes that cover organs in a body cavity closed to the exterior.

serous

Which membrane is constructed of a visceral and parietal layer?

serous

The epidermis is composed of ________.

stratified squamous epithelium

Which layer of the epidermis forms the nail bed?

stratum basale

What layer is affected when a scrape affects the most superficial epidermal layer?

stratum corneum

Which layer of the epidermis is composed of flattened, dead, keratin-filled cells?

stratum corneum

Jan got her microscope slides mixed up in lab as they were unlabeled. The slide with abundant adipose tissue should be labeled as the ________.

subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

The ________ membrane lines the fibrous capsule surrounding joints.

synovial

Which of the following reduces friction in movable joints, such as the knee?

synovial fluid

Which of the following membranes is composed of loose areolar connective tissue?

synovial membrane

In order to warm the body up when cold, ________.

the arrector pili muscles contract to stand hairs upright

A physician estimates the volume of fluid lost in a severely burned patient by ________.

using the "rule of nines"

The white, cheesy-looking substance that is produced by the sebaceous glands and protects a baby's skin while it is floating in its water-filled sac inside the mother is called ________.

vernix caseosa

Which vitamin is synthesized by the skin?

vitamin D