Ch. 6 Quiz

________ reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities

primary

At the state fair, Dave eats the jumbo hotdog before going on the rides. After the ride, he feels nauseated. The next week at work, Dave's coworker suggests hot dogs for lunch and Dave feels nauseated. What kind of learning is this?

Conditioned taste aversion

William gives his dog, Noodles, a treat each time Noodles sits on command. William is using a ______ schedule to train his dog to sit on command.

Continuous reinforcement

You are trying to train your cat to use the toilet instead of the litter box. This behavior is pretty complex for a cat and will best be achieved using:

Shaping

Which of the following is an example of observational learning?

Teaching yourself yoga by watching a yoga group in the park

Which of the following is an example of a reflex: an unlearned, automatic response by an organism to a stimulus in the enviornment?

The pupil of your eye contracting in the presence of bright light

If a stimulus plus a response results in a satisfying outcome, the probability of that response occurring again ________.

increases

Ron is taught to use a special numbers trick to check his final answer, but he does not demonstrate this skill until his end-of-the-year math test. This is an example of ________.

latent learning

John wants to train his daughter to excuse herself before she leaves the table. Although he does not know how often he will reward her for excusing herself, he does know that he will not reward her every single time she excuses herself. Which reinforcement schedule is John planning to use?

partial

A negative reinforcer is a stimulus that is _____ and thus _______ the probability of a response.

removed; increases

your dog becomes classically conditioned to go crazy everytime you pull a bowl out of your cabinet bc he has made the association between the bowl and being fed. The next day you pull a plate out of the cabinet, but your dog has absolutely no reaction. This is an example of

stimulus discrimination

Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement?

Babs saw Martin recieve a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it

Who experimented with rats to demonstrate that organisms can learn even if they do not receive immediate reinforcement?

Edward C. Tolman

What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?

Learning

In the initial period of learning, ________ describes when an organism learns to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.

acquisition

Mia is taught to go to sleep when the light is turned off. However for many months Mia no longer falls asleep when the light is turned off. Later, Mia begins to fall asleep when the light is turned off again. This is an example of __________

spontaneous recovery

John Watson offered a live, white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. The white rat served as the ________ in his study.

conditioned stimulus

Mabel clicks her tongue while tickling Francis. Eventually, Francis starts to squirm and giggle every time Mabel clicks her tongue, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, tongue clicking is a(n) ________.

conditioned stimulus

Harold catches fish throughout the day at unpredictable intervals. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

variable interval

Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

variable ratio