Ch. 6: Urinary System

Most of water, all of the sugar, and some salt are:

returned to the bloodstream through tiny capillaries around each tubule

Which substances CANNOT be filtered through the walls of the glomerulus?

Larger substances like proteins and blood cells, and remains in the bloodstream to be used

Renal Pelvis

the central collecting region in the kidney

The other wastes remain in the proximal tubule where they are carried through ______

the loop of Henle

From the nephron units, the urine flows into the larger collecting tubules in _____

the renal pelvis

Capillaries

very tiny blood vessels, smaller than arterioles

Glomerulus

a cluster of capillaries in the kidney where the urine begins to form

How do the materials exit the Bowman's capsule?

by a promixal renal tubule

Nephron

- each kidney consists of one million nephrons - The nephron filters waste products from the blood and forms urine - functional part of the kidney

arteriole

- smallest of arteries - causes the blood to slow as it flows through them

How is blood filtered when passing through the glomerulus?

- the walls of each glomerulus are so thin, water, salts, sugar, urea, and other wastes can pass through, leaving the bloodstream altogether.

Urether

- urine's route out of the kidneys and down to the urinary bladder - Specifically, through a triangular area in the bladder called the trigone, where the urine is then transferred into the urethra to exit the body

Which organs are part of the urinary system?

1. kidneys 2. ureters 3. bladder 4. urethra

What are the four parts of the Nephron?

1. renal corpuscle 2. a proximal convoluted tube 3. the loop of Henle 4. the distal convoluted tube

The kidney is divided into two regions:

1. the Cortex 2. the Medulla

What makes up the renal corpuscle (the beginning of the nephron unit)?

1. the glomerulus 2. Bowman's capsule

What is the function of the urinary system?

It removes waste material from the body, regulates fluid volume, maintains electrolyte concentration in the body fluid, and assists in blood pressure regulation

What is the flow of urine?

Urine is collected in the RENAL PELVIS of the kidney & is transported through the URETERS into the BLADDER (where it is stored until it can be eliminated) Urine passes from the BLADDER through the URETHRA & URINARY MEATUS to the outside of the body.

Cortex (outer region)

it cradles the nephron

Loop of Henle

reabsorbs water and more salts from this tubule fluid before the fluid moves through the distal convoluted tubule and out of the nephron

What is another function to the urinary system?

the urinary system contributes to body's homeostasis by maintaining a good balance of essentials such as water, salts and acids in the body fluids

What is another function to the kidneys?

they also work with the endocrine system, secreting substances needed at some distant sites in the body

Waste products enter the kidney from the bloodstream through the renal artery, which enters the kidney through an outer concave hollow notch called

hilum

Medulla (inner region)

holds most of the collecting tubules

Where are waste products collected?

in a small cap at the mouth of a nephron called Bowman's capsule, which is wrapped around the glomerulus to catch them

What is the function of kidneys?

is to remove waste products from the blood and to aid in maintain water and electrolytes balances

Renin

it is a hormone that the kidneys secrete into the blood to stimulate contraction of the arterioles when blood flow through the arterioles becomes slow. The contraction increases blood pressure, and the flow in the kidneys becomes normal again

Calyces

its a small basin in the central part of the kidney is made up of more cup-shaped regions and helps collect the urine and aids its passage through the renal pelvis, which narrows into the ureter