Ch 6.4 - Macromolecules w/ pictures

carbohydrate

"Compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the approximate ratio of C:2H:O (e.g., sugars, starches, and cellulose)"

nucleic acid

A biological macromolecule (DNA or RNA) composed of the elements C, H, N, O, and P that carries genetic information.

dehydration synthesis

A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.

polymer

A large molecule composed of repeating structural units or monomers.

monomer

A molecule of any compound that can react with other molecules of the same or different compound to form a polymer. Each biological macromolecule has characteristic monomers.

enzyme

A protein that makes a reaction happen QUICKER; decreases activation energy of a reaction.

glucose

A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.

monosaccharide

A simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate

macromolecule

A very large molecule (as of a protein, nucleic acid, or carbohydrate) built up from smaller chemical structures

hydrolysis

Breaking down complex molecules (polymers) by the chemical addition of water. Used in digestion.

fatty acid

Building Blocks of Lipids

amino acid

Building blocks of protein

protein

Class of nutrients made up of amino acids. They are needed to build and repair body structures, and to regulate processes in the body

nucleotide

Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

lipid

Organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and store food energy until needed (Fats)

-ase

Used in naming enzymes

-ose

What is the common ending of the name of most simple sugars?

polysaccharide

a carbohydrate that is composed of many monosaccharide units joined together