Ch. 7, 8, 9 Anatomy and physiology

This structure contributes to stability of the hip joint. menisci -rotator cuff muscles -cruciate ligaments -acetabular labrum

acetabular labrum

Both the knee and the temporomandibular joints ________. -perform protraction and retraction -bear the weight of the body -perform flexion and extension -are modified hinge joints

are modified hinge joints

Bones of the skeleton are connected at junctions called ________. -axials -associations -articulations -appendiculars

articulations

Intervertebral discs are absent between these vertebrae. -T1 and T2 -T12 and L1 -L5 and S1 -atlas and axis

atlas and axis

Which statement is true about synovial joints? -Pivot joints are biaxial. -Condyloid joints are uniaxial. -Ball and socket joints are multiaxial. -Hinge joints are biaxial.

ball and socket joints are multiaxial

A joint can only perform these movements: flexion/extension and abduction/adduction. It is therefore a ________ joint. -biaxial -multiaxial -uniaxial

biaxial

The skeleton is constructed of two types of tissue, ________. -muscle and bone -bone and cartilage -dense connective tissue and bone -nervous and bone

bone and cartilage

All of the following are short bones except ________. -patella -carpals -phalanges -tarsals

carpals

How is formation of blood related to the skeleton? -Bone tissue produces blood. -The skeleton is not related to blood formation. -Cavities in bone provide a site for the red marrow to produce blood.

cavities in bone provide a site for the red marrow to produce blood

The center of the osteon is called the ________. -perforating (Volkmann's) canal -canaliculus -central (Haversian) canal -lacuna

central (Haversian) canal

You pick up a vertebra to identify it and note that the transverse processes contain foramina. This unique feature identifies the vertebra as coming from the ________ region of the vertebral column. -thoracic -sacral -cervical -lumbar

cervical

A long bone consists of a shaft composed of ________ and an end composed of ________. -spongy bone, compact bone -compact bone, compact bone -compact bone, spongy bone covered by compact bone -trabeculae, hard solid bone

compact bone, spongy bone covered by compact bone

Which kinds of synovial joints can move in two (and only two) planes of the body? -hinge -pivot -ball and socket -condyloid

condyloid

Which of the following structures is an attachment site for muscles or ligaments? -crest -meatus -facet -fissure

crest

Ligaments reinforce joints by holding the bones together. What tissue type are ligaments? -skeletal muscle -dense regular connective tissue -areolar connective tissue -elastic connective tissue

dense regular connective tissue

Seven pairs of ribs articulate ________ with the sternum. -indirectly via attachment to the costal cartilages of ribs above -directly via costal cartilages -only five pairs of ribs attach to the sternum, the others remain -unattached -directly - the bony rib joins the bony sternum

directly- the bony rib joins the bony sternum

This type of cartilage supports the external ear and keeps it firm but flexible. -hyaline -elastic -fibrocartilage

elastic

This membrane lines the shaft of long bones, and covers the trabeculae of spongy bone. -periosteum -perforating fibers -endosteum -epiphysis

endosteum

Longitudinal bone growth occurs at this location in long bones. -midshaft -epiphyseal plates -diaphyseal plates -heads

epiphyseal plates

This type of cartilage attaches ribs to the sternum. -elastic -hyaline -fibrocartilage

fibrocartilage

Which of the cartilage types below is matched correctly to it body location? -hyaline; between bodies of vertebrae -elastic; at the ends of the bones where they form joints -fibrocartilage; meniscus of the knee

fibrocartilage; meniscus of the knee

The epiphyses of long bones are ________. -solid -filled with spongy bone -hollow

filled with spongy bone

These important bone markings are located on the sternum. -jugular notch and xiphisternal joint -sternal angle and transverse costal facet -xiphoid process and shaft -manubrium and spinous process

jugular notch and xiphisternal joint

This special type of joint holds the teeth in place. -syndesmosis -synchondrosis -gomphosis -symphysis

gomphosis

The knee ________. -is completely enclosed by a strong articular capsule -is the simplest joint in the body -is a multiaxial joint -has ligaments present inside as well as surrounding the articular capsule

has ligaments present inside as well as surrounding the articular capsule

This part of the rib articulates with the appropriate vertebra. -shaft -head -costal end -neck

head

Which of the following bone markings helps form joints? -crest -fossa -epicondyle -head

head

A condyle differs from an epicondyle in that the condyle ________. -is an attachment site for muscle -is a raised area above a joint -helps form a joint -is often flat, whereas an epicondyle is round

helps form a joint

This is the most common type of skeletal cartilage. -elastic -fibrocartilage -hyaline

hyaline

What kind of tissue comprises the epiphyseal plate of bones? -articular cartilage -endosteal cartilage -hyaline cartilage -periosteal cartilage

hyaline cartilage

Vertebrae belong to this category of bones. -short -long -flat -irregular

irregular

An exaggerated curvature of this region of the vertebral column causes lordosis. -lumbar -thoracic -sacral -cervical

lumbar

Pronation and supination are movements of the ________. -elbow -shoulder -palm of the hand -head

palm of the hand

The axial skeleton includes all of the following except the ________. vertebral column -skull -bony thorax -pectoral and pelvic girdles

pectoral and pelvic girdles

The diaphysis of a long bone is covered by ________. -perforating fibers -periosteum -articular cartilage -endosteum

periosteum

Flexion and extension are usually movements in the ________ plane(s) of the body. -frontal, sagittal, and transverse -transverse -frontal -sagittal

sagittal

The midline suture marking the articulation of the two parietal bones is called the ________ suture. -coronal -squamous -lambdoid -sagittal

sagittal

This joint of the body has the greatest range of movement. -shoulder -elbow -hip -knee

shoulder

The hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica,which surrounds the pituitary gland, is a part of the ________ bone. -ethmoid -vomer -palatine -sphenoid

sphenoid

The ________ is a median posterior projection arising at the junction of two laminae of the vertebral body. -pedicle -lamina -spinous process -vertebral arch

spinous process

The ________ joint is an immovable joint that holds bones of the axial skeleton tightly together to protect the ________. -sternocostal, heart -tibiofibular, pelvic organs -vertebrocostal, lungs -suture, brain

suture, brain

In this type of cartilaginous joint, bones are connected by fibrocartilage. The joint is amphiarthrotic. -symphysis -syndesmosis -gomphosis -synchondrosis

symphysis

Using the structural classification of joints, the shoulder is a ________ joint. -synovial -fibrous -cartilaginous

synovial

In addition to supporting and protecting the body, the skeleton provides this function as well. -The bones store fat, red marrow, and calcium. -Its cartilages produce blood. -Its muscles provide movement.

the bones store fat, red marrow and calcium

The range of motion at the shoulder is greater than the range of motion at the hip because ________. -the glenoid fossa is a very shallow cavity -very strong ligaments wrap around the humerus in all directions to hold it to the pectoral girdle -the pectoral girdle forms a complete circle and is firmly attached to the axial skeleton -the humerus is held tightly to the glenoid fossa

the glenoid fossa is a very shallow cavity

The structural classification of joints is based on ________. -the amount of movement permitted at the joint -the location of the joint in the axial skeleton -the type of connective tissue between the articulating bones. -the shape of the articulating bones

the type of connective tissue between the articulating bones

Costal facets are found on the ________ vertebrae. -lumbar -thoracic -sacral -cervical

thoracic

This primary curvature of the spine is located in the chest region. -lumbar -sacral -cervical -thoracic

thoracic

When a joint can move in only one body plane, it is called a ________ joint. -nonaxial -uniaxial -multiaxial -biaxial

uniaxial

The function of synovial fluid is to reduce friction in synovial joints. How else can friction be reduced? -with smooth articular cartilages -the removal of all fluid from the joint cavity -the absence of bursae

with smooth articular cartilages

In adults, ________ marrow fills the central canal of long bones, and ________ marrow is found in the epiphyses of long bones. -red, red -yellow, yellow -yellow, red -red, yellow

yellow, red

Muscles are strung across joints and can therefore move them. The insertion of a muscle ________. -moves away from the origin during contraction -is the stable or less movable attachment -is usually proximal to the origin on limb muscles -moves toward the origin during contraction

moves away from the origin during contraction

Movement of the upper limb away from the trunk is called ________. -lateral flexion -adduction -extension -abduction

abduction

What is true about the movement properties of the following joints? -Fibrous joints permit no movement. -All synovial joints are freely movable. -Some synovial joints are freely movable; others are immovable. -Cartilaginous joints are freely movable.

all synovial joints are freely movable; others are immoveable

Using the functional classification of joints, the intervertebral joint between bodies of adjacent vertebrae is a(n) ________ joint. -synarthrotic (immovable) -amphiarthrotic (slightly movable) -diarthrotic (freely movable)

amphiarthrotic (slightly moveable)

You are asked to demonstrate plantar flexion. To do this, you must move your ________. -ankle -knee -wrist -elbow

ankle

This is a passageway for blood vessels and nerves. -facet -foramen -meatus -tubercle

foramen

A trochanter is a ________. -large, irregularly-shaped projection -rounded, articular projection -narrow opening in bone -structure supported on the neck

large, irregularly-shaped projectionn

The transverse processes of vertebrae point ________, while the spinous process points ________. -medially, posteriorly -laterally, posteriorly -laterally, anteriorly -medially, anteriorly

laterally, posteriorly

Which of these joints moves in only two planes? -metacarpophalangeal -shoulder -hip -elbow

metacarpophalangeal