ch 7 A&P
One bone is supplied by ______.
many blood vessels
Compact bone makes up ______ of bone mass.
80%
Long Bone term Articular
Articular (hyaline) cartilage at joints
Long Bone term Diaphysis
Diaphysis -shaft of long bone
Long bone term Endosteum
Endosteum- covers internal surfaces of bone
Long Bone term Epiphysial growth plate
Epiphysial growth plate- where bone growth occurs
Long Bone term Epiphysial line
Epiphysial line- remnant of growth plate
Bone classes - Flat
Flat- flat, thin surface for muscle attachment/ protection (skull, scapulae, sternum, ribs)
What does bone composition inorganic components help with
Gives rigidity/ inflexibility, prevents compression
Bone classes - Irregular
Irregular- none of the above (vertebrae, hip bones, ethmoid, sphenoid )
Bone fuctions
Levers for movement, support/protection, Hemopoiesis, torage of minerals/ energy
______ connect bone to bone.
Ligaments
Based on shape, the most common type of bone is the ______ bone.
Long
Long Bone term Medullary cavity
Medullary cavity- hollow space inside diaphysis
Long bone term Periosteum
Periosteum-covers outer surface of bone
Red Bone Marrow
Red marrow- hemopoetic, reticular CT, blood cells and adipocytes
What is bone marrow made of?
Soft connective tissue
Bone Fuction Storage of minerals/ energy
Storage of minerals/ energy- calcium, phosphate, lipids (yellow marrow)
Yellow Bone Marrow
Yellow marrow- adipocytes and fatty
Abnormal conversion of hyaline cartilage to bone is called ______.
achondroplasia
The end of a long bone is covered with ______. Multiple choice question.
articular cartilage
Bone cell Osteoclasts
bone dissolving cells on bone surface
Acting as levers for movement is a function of ______.
bones
Bone formation requires ______.
calcium phosphate vitamin D
Flat bones have surfaces composed of ______ bone with internally placed ______ bone.
compact; spongy
Ligaments and tendons are made of ______ connective tissue.
dense regular
Osteoblasts-
develop from progenitors, secrete osteoid (organic semisolid bone matrix)
The elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone is called its
diaphysis
The expanded end of a long bone is called the ______.
diaphysis
The type of cartilage that forms intervertebral discs is ______.
fibrocartilage
Bones provide structural support for the body by serving as a(n) ______ for the entire body.
framework
The semisolid material that suspends and supports the collagen fibers and is part of the organic materials in the matrix of bone is the ______ substance.
ground
The process of blood cell production is called
hemopoiesis
The epiphyseal plate is a thin layer of ______.
hyaline cartilage
The type of cartilage that attaches the ribs to the sternum and is the cartilage of growth plates is ______.
hyaline cartilage
The flat bones of the skull are formed through ______ ossification.
intramembranous
Functions of cartilage?
it covers the ends of long bones it provides a model for the formation of bones
Long Bone term Epiphysis
knob like shape at end of LB (proximal and distal ends) -Thin outer layer of compact bone, extensive spongy bone (dissipates stress
Mature cartilage ______ blood supply.
lacks
Bone classes- long
longer than wide, shaft (diaphysis), most common shape (arms, legs, finger)
The cylindrical space within the diaphysis of a long bone is called the__________
marrow canal or medullary cavity
What is the region of a mature bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis called?
metaphysis
Another name for the calcification of bone is
mineralization
Adults and red bone barrow
much of red marrow replaced with yellow
Osteoclasts
multinucleate phagocytic cells, have ruffled border in resasorption lacuna (pits on bone surface), break down bone
Osteoclasts-
multinucleate phagocytic cells, have ruffled border in resasorption lacuna (pits on bone surface), break down bone
Tendons connect ______ to bone.
muscle
Which components of bone matrix provides its tensile strength?
organic components
Bone resorption is a function of ______.
osteoclasts
The mineral called _____, stored within bone, is a component of ATP and phospholipids.
phosphate
4 Functions of bone are ______.
protection support mineral storage blood cell formation (hemopoiesis)
Children and red marrow
red marrow in cavities of most long bones
The diaphysis of a bone is the ______ of a bone.
shaft
Diploë
spongy bone in flat bone
Osteoprogenitor cells
stem cells from mesenchyme (embryonic connective tissue)
Osteoprogenitor cells-
stem cells from mesenchyme (embryonic connective tissue)
Bone Function Levers for movement
torage of minerals/ energy
Most of the body's reserves of ______ and phosphate are stored and released by bone.
Calcium
bone function Hemopoiesis
Hemopoiesis
Long Bone term Metaphysis
Metaphysis- mature bone between dia/epiphysis
The external surface of short bones consists of ______ bone while the interior consists of ______ bone.
compact; spongy
Bone fuction support/ protection
form framework for body Skull -brain, ribs - heart/ lungs, vertebrae-spinal cord, pelvis - repro/ GI
What does bone composition organic components help with
gives tensile strength, flexibility
Nutrient foramen
holes in bone for blood vessels and nerves
Calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide interact to form ______ in the matrix of bone.
hydroxyapatite crystals
Spongy bone is located ______ to compact bone.
internal
Osteocytes-
mature bone cells, can't form bone, detect stress, can deposit new matrix at surface
Bone classes -short
nearly equal width/length (carpals/tarsals, sesamoid, patella)
