Ch 7: Electricity & Electrical Safety!

Which would most likely be recommended for a client who is looking for acne healing?

a treatment that uses microcurrent

The term __________ current refers to a rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction.

alternating

electrode (probe)

an applicator for directing electric current from an electrotherapy device to the client's skin. usually made of carbon, glass, or metal. Each modality requires two electrodes—one negative and one positive—to conduct the flow of electricity through the body. The only exception to this rule is the Tesla high-frequency current, which uses a single electrode.

UVB

associated with sunburns

All of the electrical appliances you use should __________.

be UL certified

UVC

blocked by the ozone layer kills bacteria

The negative electrode of an electrotherapy device is called a(n) __________.

cathode

Catalysts are substances that speed up _________ reactions.

chemical

A switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric current at the first indication of an overload is a(n) _________.

circuit breaker

direct current

constant, even flow produced by chemical means travels in one direction

Which term is used to refer to conditions that prohibit the use of a certain treatment?

contraindication

Electric ___________ refers to the flow of electricity along a conductor.

current

The application of UV light must be done with the utmost care in a proper manner by a qualified professional because overexposure can lead to skin __________.

damage and cancer

Grounding completes a(n) _________ and carries the current safely away.

electric circuit

The movement of electrons from one atom to another along a conductor is called __________.

electricity

A wavelength is the distance between successive peaks of ___________ waves.

electromagnetic

Which beauty and/or wellness specialty is most likely to utilize advanced electrical equipment?

esthetician

For safety, use no more than _________ plug(s) in each outlet.

1

Natural sunlight is made up of __________ types of light.

3

When to seek medical care after an electrical shock:

Anytime during pregnancy If you have burns on the skin, particularly those that are open or do not heal well over time If you are not current on your tetanus immunizations (given every five years to adults)

As a new beauty student, Lara knows that she must learn about her chosen craft, but also about other topics such as chemistry and electricity.Why?

Because a basic understanding will enable Lara to properly use and care for her equipment and tools.

milliampere

Current used for facial and scalp treatments

modality

Currents used in electrical facial and scalp treatments Each modality produces a different effect on the skin. Each modality requires two electrodes—one negative and one positive—to conduct the flow of electricity through the body.

___________ is a process used to soften and emulsify oil and blackheads in hair follicles.

Desincrustation

watt

Electrical energy used per second

kilowatt

Electricity in your house

active electrode

Electrode of an electrotherapy device that is used on the area to be treated

True/False: Do not attempt to clean around electrical outlets while equipment is unplugged.

FALSE. Rationale: Always unplug electrical equipment before cleaning it.

True/False: Disconnect appliances by pulling on the cord, not the plug.

FALSE. Rationale: Do not disconnect appliances by pulling on the cord.

True/False: Keep appliances connected when not in use.

FALSE. Rationale: Do not keep appliances connected when they are not in use.

True/False: Do not stand in the same room while a client is connected to an electrical device.

FALSE. Rationale: Do not leave a client unattended when they are connected to an electrical device.

True/False: Do not allow two electrical cords to touch while in use.

FALSE. Rationale: Electrical cords can touch while in use, but they should not be allowed to become twisted.

True/False: Do not touch any glass while using an electrical appliance.

FALSE. Rationale: Glass can be touched when using electrical appliances.

True/False: Avoid letting electrical cords dry out.

FALSE. Rationale: If an electrical cord becomes wet, it should be dried out.

True/False: If you see sparks when plugging an appliance in, wait 10 seconds before turning the appliance on.

FALSE. Rationale: If you see sparks when plugging an appliance in, do not use the appliance again until it has been approved by a certified electrician.

True/False: Do not allow the client to touch any rubber surfaces while being treated with electrical equipment.

FALSE. Rationale: The client may touch rubber surfaces when being treated with electrical equipment.

True/False: Repair all wires, plugs, and equipment yourself.

FALSE. Rationale: Wires, plugs, and equipment should be repaired by a professional.

If you drop an electrical appliance in water:

If the outlet is GFI protected, it will kill the circuit immediately and you may unplug the appliance from the wall, after releasing the appliance. Do NOT have one hand in the water and one at the outlet - if the outlet is still live, your body will conduct the electricity. If the outlet is not GFI protected, go to the breaker box and flip the circuit off. If you are unsure which circuit controls that outlet, it is better to momentarily shut off power to the entire shop while you fix the situation. Once the power is off, unplug the item and then restore power. Never use an appliance that has been dropped in water.

infrared light

Invisible light with longer wavelengths, deeper penetration, less energy, and more heat production that visible light

___________ is the process that introduces water-soluble products into the skin.

Iontophoresis

Which is true of microcurrent?

It can restore elasticity.

Which is not a benefit of the Tesla high-frequency current?

It decreases elimination. NOT It relieves skin congestion. It stimulates blood circulation. It increases skin metabolism.

electromagnetic spectrum

Name given to all of the forms of energy (or radiation) that exist

anode

Positive electrode of an electrotherapy device

polarity

Positive or negative poles of an electric current

volt

Pressure or force that pushes electric current forward through a conductor

ohm

Resistance of electric current

If you receive a light shock sensation while using, turning on or off, or plugging or unplugging an electrical appliance:

Stop using the appliance immediately and turn it completely off. Unplug it from the wall or turn off the circuit breaker to that outlet. Replace the appliance or have it repaired by an authorized repair representative. If similar issues occur with other appliances in the same outlet, discontinue use of that outlet until approved for use by a certified electrician.

amp

Strength of an electrical current

circuit breaker

Switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of overload

True/False: Do not allow electrical cords to become twisted or bent.

TRUE

True/False: Do not handle electrical equipment with wet hands.

TRUE

True/False: Do not overload outlets and power strips.

TRUE

True/False: Do not touch two metallic objects at the same time if either is connected to an electric current.

TRUE

True/False: Inspect all electrical equipment frequently.

TRUE

True/False: Study the instructions before using any electrical equipment.

TRUE

True/False: Verify regularly that fire extinguishers are appropriate for electrical fires.

TRUE

True/False: When using electrical equipment, protect the client at all times.

TRUE

The thermal or heat-producing current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration that is commonly used for scalp and facial treatments is called __________ current.

Tesla high-frequency

The modalities used in beauty and wellness utilize two electrodes, with the exception of __________, which uses a single electrode.

Tesla high-frequency current

complete electric circuit

The path of negative and positive electric currents moving from the generating source through the conductors and back to the generating source

What should Lara look for when purchasing electrical tools to use on clients at work?

Tools with a three-prong plug

__________ is effective at killing bacteria, viruses, mold, and other pathogens.

UVC light

Which light rays are blocked by the ozone layer?

UVC rays

When Lara completes her education and training and becomes a licensed and working esthetician, what should she keep in mind while at work?

Wearing shoes with a rubber sole will help to keep her safe from accidental electrical shocks or accidents.

Desincrustation

a form of anaphoresis a process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits (oil) and blackheads in the hair follicles. frequently used to treat acne, milia (small, white cyst-like pimples), and comedones (blackheads and whiteheads).

microcurrent

extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body's natural electrical impulses. negative and positive polarity on one probe can be used for iontophoresis, firming, toning, and soothing skin. can help heal inflamed tissue, such as acne. does not travel throughout the entire body; it serves only the specific area being treated. Improves blood and lymph circulation Produces acidic and alkaline reactions Opens and closes hair follicles and pores Increases muscle tone Restores elasticity Reduces redness and inflammation Minimizes healing time for acne lesions Improves the natural protective barrier of the skin Increases metabolism When microcurrent is used during aging-skin treatments, it may give your client's skin a softer, firmer, more hydrated appearance. DO NOT USE ON pacemaker, epilepsy, cancer, phlebitis, or thrombosis or who are pregnant.

The device that prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit is called a(n) ___________.

fuse

Constant and direct current that has a positive and negative pole and produces chemical changes when it passes through the tissues and fluids of the body is known as __________ current.

galvanic

When using ___________ current, the active electrode is the electrode used on the area to be treated.

galvanic

Which form of energy in the electromagnetic spectrum is used in nuclear power?

gamma rays

__________ light is considered a neutral visible light.

green

Microcurrent can be used to ___________ and restore elasticity.

increase muscle tone

Cataphoresis

infuses an acidic (positive) product into deeper tissues, using galvanic current from the positive pole toward the negative pole.

Anaphoresis

infuses an alkaline (negative) product into the tissues from the negative pole toward the positive pole.

Electric wires can be covered with a material that does not transmit electricity, such as rubber or plastic coating. This material is known as a(n) ____________.

insulator

Which is not a modality used in beauty and wellness services?

integrated current NOT galvanic current Tesla high-frequency current microcurrent

An apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current is a(n) __________.

inverter

Ultraviolet A (UVA) light __________.

is often used in tanning beds

A ___________ is an extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body's natural electrical impulses.

microcurrent

Infrared light is __________ penetrating and has __________ frequency than ultraviolet light.

more; lower

UVA

most penetrating UV rays used in tanning booths longest UV rays

Tesla High-Frequency Current (violet ray)

named after a Croatian electrical engineer a thermal or heat-producing current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration that is commonly used for scalp and facial treatments. does not produce muscle contractions, and the effects can be either stimulating or soothing, depending on the method of application. uses one electrode made of glass or metal only one electrode is used to perform a service Stimulates blood circulation Increases elimination and absorption Increases skin metabolism Improves germicidal action Relieves skin congestion NOT FOR pregnant or who have epilepsy or any other seizure disorder, asthma, high blood pressure, a sinus blockage, a pacemaker, or metal implants. Additionally, clients should avoid contact with metal, such as chair arms, jewelry, and metal bobby pins, during the treatment, as a burn may occur if contact is made.

Which unit measures the resistance of an electric current?

ohm

Which is the applicator used for directing electric current from an electrotherapy device to a client's skin?

probe

alternating current

produced by mechanical means travels in two directions Rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction

galvanic current: positive pole (anode) cataphoresis

produces acidic reactions closes the pores soothes nerves decreases blood supply contracts blood vessels hardens and firms tissues

galvanic current: negative pole (cathode) anaphoresis

produces alkaline reactions opens pores stimulates and irritates the nerves increases blood supply expands blood vessels softens tissues Do not use on skin with broken capillaries or pustular acne conditions or on clients with high blood pressure or metal implants.

Anaphoresis __________.

softens tissues

Which is considered a good conductor?

tap water

Iontophoresis

the process of infusing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current, such as the use of the positive and negative poles of a galvanic machine.

What light is known as "cold light" or "actinic light"?

ultraviolet

galvanic current

used to infuse water-soluble products into unbroken skin produces chemical changes through iontophoresis constant and direct current using a positive and negative pole named after an Italian doctor

Which action of Lara's actions is unsafe and should be corrected?

using a metal hairpin to dislodge lint from the lint screen in a hair dryer

Within the visible spectrum of light, ___________ has the shortest wavelength, and ____________ has the longest.

violet; red

Invisible light is the light at either end of the __________ that is invisible to the naked eye.

visible spectrum of light

UV light prompts the skin to produce __________.

vitamin D

The unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes the electric current forward through a conductor is a(n) __________.

volt

The unit that measures how much electric energy is being used in one second is a(n) __________.

watt

What is the measurement of the distance between two wavelengths?

waveform