ch. 7 psychology

contradict

Cognitive universalism tends to _______ the linguistic relativity hypothesis

standardization

Dr. Davenport gives all her classes 45 minutes to complete their psychology test regardless of it the class meets for 50 minutes, 75 minutes, or even 3 hours. Such a technique ensures test

intellectual disability

Dr. Miller works with children who have grown up in poor socioeconomic conditions. Many of her clients come from homes that do not emphasize education or social involvement, and opportunities for advancement are practically nonexistent. Many are malnourished, have been exposed to a variety of environmental toxins, and have multiple infections without adequate or timely health care. What might these children be at risk for?

fragile X syndrome

Dr. Thomas has found that William, her patient, has a defect in a gene of the X chromosome of his 23rd pair, which has resulted in a deficiency of a protein needed for William's brain development. William most likely suffers from

language shapes thoughts

Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf theorized that _______, a concept reflected in their linguistic relativity hypothesis.

180 or higher

In Terman's study of gifted children, mental health issues and relationship problems only occurred in those with IQ's of

age-group comparison norms

In contrast to comparing mental age to chronological age, most modern tests of intelligence use

working backwards from the goal

John and Karen bought a new house with an unfinished basement. To determine how they want to finish it, they lay down tape on the floor showing where walls will go and rooms will be. The process of problem solving is known as

mental actions that are completely involuntary

Kahneman describes System 1 processes as

functional fixedness

One day at work, Pauline's earring fell on the floor and she was unable to find the back. To keep from losing her earring, Pauline reinserted it and used part of a pencil eraser to keep the earring in place. Using a pencil eraser as a temporary earring back showed that Pauline overcame

much like

Reseach suggests we engage mental images in our mind _______ the way we engage or interact with physical objects

mechanical solution

Trial and erros is sometimes referred to as a

intelligence scores are steadily increasing in modernized countries

What does the Flynn effect theorize?

emotional intelligence

What may be the best predictor of why some people do not excel in school but essentially succeed in their life and career choices?

"How many uses can you think of for a clothes hanger?"

Which of the following questions would be more likely to produce divergent thinking?

Binet's mental ability test

Which of the tests came first?

naturalist

Which type of intelligence, according to Howard Gardner, would most likely be present in farmers, landscapers, and biologists?

minimize

the goal of all test developers is to ________ cultural bias in their intelligence tests

formal concept

A psychologist asks people to envision a circle. Next he asks them to draw the circle they envisioned. When comparing the pictures, almost all circles look identical. The fact that a circle typically fits a specific and rigid set of rules is an example of a

analytical

According to Sternberg, "book smarts" is another way of talking about which kind of intelligence?