Ch 8-11 Comm, Culture and Community
three of the Arab states are considered democratic
- Kuwait -Lebanon -Morocco
Without question, the objective of early laws was the____________. The trend today is decidedly different. Indigenous peoples are encouraged or forced to ______________.
- assimilation of indigenous peoples into national cultures as quickly as possible and at any human cost -
in the US, the first federal laws limiting immigration were enacted to___________ in the year ________.
- bar convicts and prostitutes -1875
Predictors of an immigrant's success are
- host culture language skill -host culture interpersonal communication and mass media use -home culture interpersonal communication and mass media use -pressures to live separate or assimilate -individual characteristics such as age, educational background, and personality
Ellis Island, which is _______________ from the Statue of Liberty, processed its first immigrant in ____ and its last in _____
-.8 kilometers/a half-mile -1892 -1954
The Hijrah year contains ___________ and so is ___________________. As a result, the months _______________________.
-12 months -11 days shorter than the solar year -shift gradually from one season to another
Ellis Island handled __________ from more than ___ countries
-17 million newcomers -90
In Ellis Island's peak year, which is ________, _____________ immigrants were processed.
-1907 -1 million
Approximately _____ major Spanish-language newspapers can be found in the United States. _________, published in Los Angeles, is the largest Spanish-language daily in the United States
-28 -La Opinión
Canada has a ___ year residency and the US has a ___ year residency. Some European countries have ___ year residencies.
-3 -5 -12
Studies show that _______ of expatriates suffer serious culture shock, whereas about _____ have no difficulty and enjoy the challenge
-30%-60% -20%
In the city of São Paulo, ____ of the population was composed of immigrants in 1893. By 1897 there were _________ Italians as Brazilians in the city, and by 1901 ______________% of the children were born to foreign-born parents.
-55% -twice as many -more than 80
In the Netherlands, where a half-century ago, there were few foreigners, today they make up about ____ of the country's population.
-6% (about 1.2 million Muslims, the majority from Morocco and Turkey)
Since the 1800's, as many as__________ people have immigrated to the ________.
-70 million -Western Hemisphere
Saudi Arabia occupies nearly _______________ and is the _____ largest country in the world
-90% of the Arabian peninsula -12th
European countries conquered close to ______________ by ____________.
-90% of the arab world -military force
Saudi Arabia is ______________, most cities are built on ______________.
-98% desert -the coast and on oases
The Muslim religion extends far beyond the Arab world, from ________ to ______ to _______, including republics of the former _____________, which had experienced suppression of religion and language since the time of the Russian czars.
-Africa -Europe -Asia -Soviet Union
today Brazil has the largest ____________ and much of its culture is _______.
-African-heritage population outside of Africa -African
Much of the Arab world, people identify themselves as ________ or __________.
-Arab -Muslim
countries dominant in endogamous community family
-Arab world -Turkey -Iran -Afghanistan -Pakistan
what 6 states passed laws designed to decrease illegal immigration
-Arizona -Georgia -Utah -Indiana -Alabama -South Carolina
The largest and most populous country in South America is ________. ( ____ largest in the world)
-Brazil -5th
In 1933, U.S. oil companies launched the ______________, which later became the ________________.
-California Arabian Standard Oil Company -Arabian-American Oil Company (ARAMCO)
countries dominant in exogamous community family
-China -Vietnam -Russia -Hungary -northern India
Various factors limited immigration during Brazil's third wave :
-Demand for coffee declined in the Great Depression of the 1930s -new laws protected native workers making it difficult for immigrants to find jobs -the government initiated policies to encourage Europeans to assimilate into Brazilian culture
what can determine how readily someone will desire to blend in with a new culture
-Educational background -previous travel -a person's personality (risk-taking or being gregarious and curious or not, for example)
______, ________, and ___________ are sometimes considered partly democratic
-Egypt -Iraq -Tuunisia
The melting pot of old included _____________ and encouraged _________
-English, German, Irish, French, and Italian immigrants -ethnic uniformity
The Qur'an was revealed by _______ to the ______________ and generally is considered to contain the ______________________.
-God -Prophet Muhammad in Arabic -verbatim words of Allah, or God
English is the native language in
-Great Britain -Ireland -Canada -the United States -Guyana -Australia -New Zealand -and the Caribbean countries of Bahamas, Barbados, Grenada, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago
traditionally, the most successful Spanish-language magazines in national distribution have been geared toward __________. Vanidades entered the U.S. market in 1961, making it the ______________.
-Hispanic woman -first Spanish-language women's magazine available nationally
countries dominant in absolute nuclear family
-Holland -Denmark -Anglo-Saxon world
Brides in collectivist countries believe __________ is a minor factor and ______ not at all.
-Industriousness -chastity
Shiites form the majority in
-Iraq -Iran -Bahrain -Azerbaijan -eastern Saudi Arabia
Many Muslims stress the similarities between __________ and the ___________________
-Islam -principal Abrahamic faiths in the United States
Proclaimed independent on May 14, 1948, _______ was a relatively poor, besieged nation in need of building the country's population. Citizenship may be acquired by four things :
-Israel -birth, residence, naturalization, and the Law of Return.
countries dominant in authoritarian family
-Japan -Korea -Germany -Austria -Sweden -Norway -Scotland -Ireland
After the second wave, Brazil turned to _______ because _________________.
-Japan -they needed more workers
the three Abrahamic faiths are
-Judaism -Christianity -Islam
Amish are mainly concentrated in
-Lancaster County and other parts of Pennsylvania, as well as in parts of Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin, New York, and Michigan
policies to encourage Europeans to assimilate into Brazilian culture include
-Learning Portuguese was encouraged, and classes in languages other than Portuguese were forbidden -Foreign language magazines and newspapers were forbidden -Europeans were prohibited from organizing their own political groups
what may be contributing factors to refugee teenagers?
-Loss of traditional values and lack of support and guidance from parents who are themselves experiencing stress
In colonial America, three principal responses to immigration developed.
-Massachusetts wanted settlers who were "religiously pure." -Virginia and Maryland recruited immigrants for cheap labor but did not allow full participation in government. -Pennsylvania welcomed all European settlers on equal terms and as equal participants in the colony.
_________ welcomed women in the mosque as ____________.
-Muhammad -members of the community of believers
The Amish don't pay or accept ____________; elderly Amish _____________.
-Social Security -remain in the family's home.
Spanish is the official language in
-Spain -Mexico -Colombia -Peru -Venezuela -Ecuador -Guatemala -Cuba -Bolivia -Honduras -Paraguay -El Salvador -Costa Rica -Panama -Equatorial Guinea -Argentina -Chile -Dominican Republic -Nicaragua -Uruguay
In 1961, Mexican mogul Emilio Azcárraga Vidaurreta bought KCOR-TV in San Antonio, the nation's first __________.
-Spanish-language TV station
Muslims generally fall into either the _______ or ________ branch.
-Sunni -Shiite
China needs these migrants for economic growth, but they are not __________. they work the jobs that China's residents are ________.
-accorded the rights of urban residents -unwilling to do(treated very poorly)
According to Islam, everything in the world except humans is _______________________. The physical world has no choice but _________________.
-administered by God-made laws -obedience to God
France has encouraged immigrants to ____________, a policy that has _______________.
-adopt all things French -angered Muslims living in the slums outside of Paris
A fundamental aspiration of the State of Israel is ________, literally "ascending," the Hebrew word for ________________.
-aliyah -immigration into Israel
Independent of the United Nations, the World Economic Forum released its first _____________________. This study is based on ________, ____________, ___________ and ________________________.
-annual report on world gender inequality in 2006 -health, education, politics, and economic opportunity
Todd developed the following family types and their dominant countries
-anomie family -exogamous community family -authoritarian family -egalitarian nuclear family -absolute nuclear family -endogamous community family -asymmetrical community family
There are no public worship services of ________________ in Saudi Arabia. Anything that isn't allowed in Islam will not happen.
-any religion except Islam
The Law of Return, enacted in 1950, granted ________________________. By 1951, the number of immigrants __________ what the Jewish population of the country had been in 1948.
-anyone with a Jewish mother or who had converted to Judaism the right to come to Israel as an oleh (a Jew immigrating to Israel) and become a citizen. -more than doubled
immigrants brought _______, ____________, _________, and ________________ to Brazil.
-baseball -peaches -pecans -various strains of rice
Nonetheless, Brazilian society has social and economic class differences ____________ and ______________.
-between European descendants (found more among the upper and middle classes) -African, indigenous, and multiracial descendants (found more among the lower classes)
Muslims believe that every person is _________. It is said that when a person reaches the age of maturity, the individual becomes _____________________.
-born free of sin -accountable for deeds and intentions
In the US, The Irish were blamed for bringing _________, the Italians for bringing _______, the Chinese for carrying ____________, the Jews for spreading ________, and the Haitians for bringing ____
-cholera -polio -bubonic plague -tuberculosis -AIDS
The person, during assimilation, identifies with the ________ and not the _______.
-country -ethnic group
Beginning in 1921, the U.S. Congress established ____________ based on the origins of the U.S. population using 1910 census data to _____________.
-country quotas -prevent major changes in the country's racial and ethnic makeup
Diaspora can have the effect of
-creating cultures within cultures in the country into which peoples move
One contrast between assimilation and integration is that under assimilation policies, groups __________ but that in integration, groups ____________.
-disappear through intermarriage -continue to exist
The Central and South American population in the United States is _________, with most centered in large urban centers such as ____________________.
-dispersed geographically -New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Miami
the Arab world/culture is very __________, it is composed of ___ countries with a total population of _________.
-diverse -22 -358 million
Without immigration most of the world's developed countries would experience a _______________, with resulting challenges to their _______________________.
-drop in population -retirement and economic programs
Integration is supported by the ________, which allows ________________
-dual-nationality trend -expatriates from immigrant-sending nations to retain rights as nationals while taking on citizenship status in the United States or elsewhere
Hmong practices of ___________ for females and _____________ were continued by some
-early marriage age -fertility rates of 9.5 children per mother
Korean immigrants in Brazil primarily worked as _______________, and some did become ___________.
-entrepreneurs in the garment trade -farmers
With immigration, though, the countries may perceive challenges to their ________ and place increased pressure on ______ to assimilate into their new nation-state's culture
-established nation-state cultural identity and values -immigrants
Many people labeled "immigrants" in the United States and Europe are __________ whose intent is to ________________
-expatriates -work but not to become full-fledged members of the culture
The Ethiopian Jews have ___________ and were not prepared to ___________________.
-faced the obstacles of immigration -move from a subsistence economy to a modern industrialized society
Koreans began migrating to Russia in the second half of the 19th century to escape
-famine -economic hardship -Japanese imperialism in Korea
The Koryo-saram lack ____________ and tend to have become more ________________ in their mannerisms and behavior. They experience older Korean-Americans as ________________.
-fluency in Korean -expressive, emotional, and Western -distant and reserved
Current immigration policy favors _____________. This benefits the ___________
-foreigners with immediate relatives in the United States -relatives of the more recent immigrants (Asians and Latin Americans)
Legally, a Muslim man can have ____________, but a woman can marry _________.
-four wives at once -only one man
a traditional saudi woman does not __________ and does not speak to ______________.
-go out alone -any man other than her husband or blood kin
The number of people counted as living outside their country of birth has ____________. _____ of the world's population lived outside the countries of birth
-grown dramatically -3.2%
The Dutch welcomed _______________ in the 1960s and 1970s and ________________. But that was before the __________.
-guest workers -accepted many seeking asylum from wars in Iraq, Kosovo, Africa, and Afghanistan -attack on 9/11
The Gender Inequality Index is a composite measure of three dimensions:
-health (maternal mortality ratio and the adolescent fertility rate) -empowerment (share of parliamentary seats held by each sex and secondary and higher education attainment levels) -labor (participation in the work force)
Hispanics have consistently had the
-highest labor force participation -least use of welfare programs -highest rate of family formation -longer life expectancy -less cancer, heart disease, and respiratory disease -the fewest low-birth-weight babies; the lowest infant mortality; and the fewest babies damaged by drugs
Yun Kim identified the predictors of an immigrants success in acculturation:
-host communication competence -participation in host social communication -participation in ethnic social communication -host environment -predisposition
Cultures regulate ________________, ________________ and ________________
-how many spouses a person can have -which partner has more authority -dominance in the union, and from what group a person can choose
Hmong immigrants are __________________ in the US with with few __________
-ill prepared for life -marketable skills
Portugal prohibited ________________ to prevent other European countries from establishing any claims to territory. On the other hand, Brazil was the major destination _________.
-immigration from other countries to Brazil -for slaves from Africa
Psychological symptoms of culture shock are
-insomnia -fatigue -isolation and loneliness -disorientation -frustration -criticism of the new country -nervousness -self-doubt -irritability -depression -anger -emotional and intellectual withdrawal
Others use the term ____ to connote separation only. The person has a strong sense of ________.
-insularity -ethnic identity
Acculturation is defined more in terms of _________ than __________.
-integration -assimilation
Muslims believe God created only humans with ___________________, and that the purpose of human life is to _____________.
-intelligence and choice -worship God
the largest migration was the__________________________. It is estimated that __________ people were transported as slaves. This group was largely held in a state of _____________.
-involuntary movement of slaves from Africa mainly to the New World -12 million(only 10 million actually survived) -separation and segregation
Bridegrooms in collectivist countries want age differences at marriage to be _______ and put more stress on the bride being _______________________________.
-larger -industrious, wealthy, and chaste
Brides in collectivist countries want age differences at marriage to be ______, and they want _________.
-larger -their husbands to be wealthy
Muhammad is considered the ____________ in a line that includes ___________, ___________, __________, and _______.
-last and most important prophet -Abraham, Noah, Moses, and Jesus
Brazil was the ___________ to abolish slavery
-last country in the Western Hemisphere (1888)
Hmong immigration to the United States started in the _________. Today, more than 260,000 Hmong reside in the United States, primarily in what three states?
-late 1970s -California, Minnesota, and Wisconsin
women worldwide are not treated as equal to men in
-laws governing travel -marriage/divorce -acquisition of nationality -property management -employment seeking -property inheritance
Somani (2010) showed, for example, how Asian Indian immigrants into the United States watch U.S. television to ___________. Some reported watching U.S. football gave them __________ with coworkers
-learn U.S. English and how US people think/act -something "U.S." to talk about
Immigrants in the Netherlands are now required to ________________ and the government stopped ________________.
-learn the Dutch language and follow Dutch law -offering subsidies for Muslim immigrants
Patriotic significance was placed on _____________. The major example today in the United States of integration is the ________ within a culture.
-learning English and becoming "American" -Hispanic culture
The immigrants of the 1900's
-left homes permanently, with little hope of returning even for a visit -lost much of the original culture in assimilation -had little contact with friends and families left behind
the Human Development Index is a measure of ________, __________________, and _____________________.
-life expectancy at birth -educational attainment -adjusted per capita income
Many of the older Hmong immigrants ____________ and were _______________, and thus are an example of marginalization
-lost their identity provided by their homeland -unable to establish a new identity in the United States
Islam gave women rights in what five things?
-marriage -divorce -property ownership -business -inheritance
The study showed that immigrants into the United States were _________ than those of European countries
-more assimilated (with the exception of Portugal, where a large proportion of immigrants come from former Portuguese colonies)
In the fourth stage, the individual becomes ____________ in the new culture as more things are ___________. Feelings of _______ are fewer, and people feel more in control.
-more comfortable -predictable -isolation -
In the United States, Australia, and Canada, __________ of all one-parent families are considered poor. In Great Britain and Germany it is about _______.
-more than half -1/3
Traditionally, Arabs have had three main political and cultural trends:
-nationalism -pan-Arabism -Islam
Women are victims of
-neglect -trafficking into prostitution -rape -incest -domestic violence -political torture -abuses of refugees -the ravages of war.
Tran Minh Tung (1990) described the groups within the Cambodian, Laotian, Hmong, and Vietnamese refugee cultures most at risk for marginalization:
-newcomers -refugee teenagers -elderly refugees -rural refugees
Islam is a __________________, meaning there is no _______
-nonhierarchical religion -priesthood
countries dominant in egalitarian nuclear family
-northern France -northern Italy -central and southern Spain -central Portugal -Greece -Poland -Latin America
Physical symptoms of culture shock are
-overconcern about cleanliness of food, bedding, and dishes -extreme stress on health and safety -fear of physical contact with anyone in the new country -great concern over minor pains and skin eruptions -craving "home cooking" -use of alcohol and drugs; and a decline in work quality
With immigration, the countries may _______________ and place _____________________
-perceive challenges to their established nation-state cultural identity/values -increased pressure on immigrants to assimilate into their new nation-state's culture
To diversify the flow of immigrants, Congress created a __________ that provides __________________.
-permanent immigration "lottery" -40,000-55,000 visas to residents of mostly European countries
In the more masculine cultures, boyfriends should have more ________, ____________, __________, and _________. Husbands should be more ________, _________, and ________________.
-personality, affection, intelligence, and sense of humor -healthy, wealthy, and understanding
Communication barriers between Western and Arab states focus on the issues of
-political unrest and terrorism -Westernization -stereotypes each holds of the other
In U.S. law, people seeking to become refugees must do so _______________, while asylum seekers have _____________
-prior to their entry into the United States -already entered the United States
Portugal ____________________ to prevent other European countries from _____________. On the other hand, Brazil was the major destination for slaves from Africa
-prohibited immigration from other countries to Brazil -establishing any claims to territory
The Great Depression era brought ____________ against illegal immigrants. Many ____________ were picked up for deportation.
-public outcry -illegal as well as legal immigrants and U.S. citizens
The Immigration Act of 1990 did three major things:
-raised the annual immigration level from 540,000 to 700,000 for the period 1992-1994 -cuts back on provisions under which potential immigrants have been denied entry in the past on grounds of ideology or sexual orientation -allows more immigrants to qualify for permanent residency by virtue of investment capital and professional skills rather than family ties.
The immigrants ____________________________ because the Roman Catholic Church in Brazil would not allow the Protestant Confederates to be buried with Catholics
-remained in cloistered communities and established schools, churches, and cemeteries
both tourists and sojourners expect to ______ and don't face the ________________.
-return home -same challenges as immigrants
Islamic faith is the _________ largest religion in the world after Christianity, with some ________ followers, or about _____ of the world's population."
-second -1.6 billion -23%
Hofstede concludes that in masculine countries, love and family life may be ___________, whereas in feminine countries, __________.
-seen as separated -they are the same
The Koryo-saram lived in a state of _______________, interacting little with the nomadic peoples around them. They kept some __________.
-separation from the Russian culture -Korean traditions
Within each settlement, one or more affiliations of people _____________. Each affiliation does what to make rules?
-share a set of theological rules and practices -makes its own decisions in meetings of members who, by consensus, develop their own set of rules.
For today's immigrants:
-social media is taking the place of other forms of media that immigrants from the past relied on for information and support. - they can easily return for visits. - They can watch television programs from their home countries and be in easy telephone contact. -The pressure to assimilate is not as great. It's quite possible to maintain their original cultural identity and participate in a meaningful way in the larger society.
labels for spanish speaking people include
-spanish speaking -spanish surnamed -spanish origin -hispanic -chicano -latino -mexican-american -tejano
The Qur'an is a
-spiritual guide -a system of law -a code of ethics -a way of life.
The Qur'an contains _______ and It embraces all _______________, from the most personal to international relations.
-stories -admonitions -verse and prophetic segments -social, political, and economic laws -areas of human affairs
Public morality committees, the matawain or the regional Societies for the Preservation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice, ensure ______________________. Salaried morals police patrol the public domain, making sure that ________________________________________.
-strict compliance with religious requirements -businesses close at prayer times and that women are properly covered
In 2013, half of all international migrants lived in 10 countries:
-the United States hosting the most (45.8 million) -the Russian Federation (11 million) -Germany (9.8 million) -Saudi Arabia (9.1 million) -United Arab Emirates (7.8 million) -United Kingdom (7.8 million) -France (7.4 million) -Canada (7.3 million) -Australia (6.5 million) -Spain (6.5 million)
the world's largest human migration occurs annually within ______. Each year millions of workers travel from _________________.
-the borders of China -from rural home villages to work in urban cities and return for visits
The leader, known as ___________, governed as a _____________________.
-the caliph -successor to Muhammad
Since 1970, the right to immigrate under the Law of Return has been extended to include ______________ to ensure the _________.
-the child and the grandchild of a Jew, the spouse of a child of a Jew, and the spouse of the grandchild of a Jew. -unity of families
Oftentimes, ethnic social communication is in _________ and is at the expense of _________.
-the immigrant's home language -time devoted to host social communication
Saudi Arabia adheres to the _____________ calendar, which is based on the ____________.
-traditional Hijrah -cycles of the moon
Most Hispanics use Spanish, but the _________ increases with each generation. Hispanics want future U.S. Hispanic generations to be able to ________.
-use of English -speak Spanish
While the majority of refugee teenagers are ______________, a significant number become _________________.
-well adjusted and do well in school -involved in gang criminal behavior
honeymoon stage/initial euphoria
-when everything is new and exciting. -The person is most likely a tourist with her or his basic identity rooted in the home culture
Le Play identified two criteria:
-whether sons continued to live with their parents after marriage (community family) or set up independent homes (nuclear family) -whether inheritance was shared among all sons or whether only one son inherited.
about half of the immigrants in the US arrive with ________ and the remainder enter without _____________.
-with temporary visas, typically at airports -valid documents, usually across the U.S.-Mexico border
Nearly two-thirds of the world's 862 million illiterate people are ______ and _____ of people living in property
-women -70%
A thousand years ago in rural China, ___________________________, for use in communicating with other women in male-dominated China.
-women devised a secret language called Nushu (woman's writing)
in masculine countries, industriousness is deemed more important for __________-; in feminine countries, it is ______________________.
-women than for men -equally important or unimportant
Islam encourages Muslims to _______, to _______________, and to ________________________________________________. "
-work -engage in free enterprise -earn and possess, but the "owner" is God and the human is the trustee
_____ is important to Amish life. A major source of income for the Amish is ____________.
-work -handicrafts
The second immigration wave was from
1904 to 1930
the third wave of mass immigration to Brazil was
1930-1964
Todd based his schema on the earlier work of who?
19th century French political philosopher Le Play
Each affiliation is made up of church districts or groups of
25 to 35 families
Saudi Arabia has _________ of the world's proven oil reserves
25%-30%
Buss reported a study of criteria for selecting marriage partners in _____ countries
37
Prior to 1800, the number of immigrants from Europe to the New World was between
4 and 5 million
United States is ranked ______ in 2006 study
42nd
About ____________ of the world's population of 232 million immigrants reside in the United States
45 million (20%)
In 1997, the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (now the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services, a part of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security) put the number of illegal immigrants at
5 million (about one half being in California, and the other half of the total originate from Mexico)
The Arab world's history spans more than ________ years.
5,000
Today there are ______ indigenous cultures worldwide
5,000
____ countries have large Muslim populations.
75
what event resulted in changes in immigration law in the US
9/11
The Sunni account for about____ of the world's Muslims
90%
other main two immigrant groups in Israel
Africans (refugees) and Soviet Jews (crash of Soviet Union)
An extreme example of segregation occurred during World War II:.
After Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, which led to the forced evacuation of about 120,000 people of Japanese descent from the West Coast and their relocation to 10 internment centers
Religion provides a complete defining cultural identity for the
Amish
The Amish and Mennonites grew out of the _______________________ during the 1500s
Anabaptist movement that developed in Switzerland
second wave of mass immigration
Another 2.1 million Europeans from Italy, Poland, Russia, and Romania immigrated, most arriving after World War I.
refers to political unrest in the Arab states beginning in December 2010
Arab Spring
From 2000 to 2010, however, the fastest-growing group in the United States was people who identify as
Asian
As the Mayan culture declined, others arose, including the
Aztecs
Other important entry ports in the US were
Boston, Baltimore, and Philadelphia
countries dominant in anomie family
Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, and South American Indian cultures
Muslim immigrants are most integrated in
Canada, followed closely by the United States
Brazil shares a border with every South American country except
Chile and Ecuador
_________ immigrants founded dozens of communities in Texas
Czech
Immigration has become one of the most controversial issues in
Europe
first wave of mass immigration
From 1880 to 1903, 1.9 million Europeans arrived in Brazil, mainly from Germany, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. People also came from Ukraine, Russia, Lithuania, Hungary, Armenia, China, and Korea
__________ the largest ancestry group in the United States, and yet that culture isn't particularly evident today
German-Americans
What is most important to Muslims?
God and family
In 1990, the United Nations Development Programme first used the
Human Development Index
grandest and most beautiful mosque in the United States, also third mosque ever built in the US
Islamic Center of Greater Toledo
The Arab world is connected largely by a shared culture that developed in the ___________.
Islamic faith
The immigrants in Brazil of the 1930s came primarily from
Japan
Brazil has become home to the largest
Japanese community outside Japan
today women can not vote in
Kuwait
largest and fastest-growing Spanish radio market in the United States
LA
Saudi Arabia is the guardian of the two holy sites
Mecca and Medina
Though the Spanish imposed government, religion, and technology, the basic _____________ remained
Mesoamerican culture
Immigration accelerated in the 1920s following the economic disorder of the
Mexican Revolution.
This migration is the largest sustained mass migration of one group to the United States, far eclipsing earlier migrations of Irish and Italians
Mexicans
_________ is the common practice today in arab cultures.
Monogamy
_____________ founded the Islam religion in the early 7th century in Arabia
Muhammad
Six of Norway's 10 most populous immigrant groups come from
Muslim countries
Western Europe is challenged with increasing immigration, particularly from
Muslim countries
people who practice the religion of Islam
Muslims (literally "submitters" to the will of God)
________ became the first country in the world to grant women the vote in 1893
New Zealand
The ________ contains the church rules and outlines the values of the community.
Ordnung
The Amish migrated from Switzerland in the 1720s to ____________, where they were welcomed by William Penn and found an abundance of land for farms and freedom to worship
Pennsylvania
Brazil's official language
Portugese
__________________ signed the first security agreement with Saudi Arabia in 1947.
President Harry S. Truman
________ is a sin in the Amish community
Pride
the ninth month on Islam's lunar calendar
Ramadan
About half of the Korean-Russians spoke ________ as a first language
Russian
There is no church, no temple of any kind, and no missionary work allowed in what country
Saudi Arabia
most conservative Islamic country in the world
Saudi Arabia
countries dominant in asymmetrical community family
Southern India
Over 75% of the U.S. Mexican-origin population resides in the
Southwest and the Pacific region
the interface of Spanish and English languages is producing
Spanglish (or Tex-Mex or Cubonics)
The Aztecs were soon to meet who?
Spaniards, a people with a similar history of cultural synthesis.
Hallmark Cards bought SIN in 1987, renaming it
Spanish International Network (SIN)
__________ grew in one decade to nine stations and experimented with cable outlets, microwave and satellite interconnections, and repeater television stations
Spanish International Network (SIN)
___________ was largely one of cultural blending rather than of cultural extinction, as occurred on the North American East Coast
Spanish influence in the Americas
"___________" of women is openly encouraged in Arab cultures.
Strict disciplining
The second-place Spanish-language network, ___________, was created by Saul Steinberg and based in Miami
Telemundo
____________ were separated from the more conservative Amish in 1927
The Beachy Amish
_______________ brought an end to immigration in Europe.
The economic reversal in 1973
one child campaign
The goals of the program were to eliminate all births above or equal to three per family and to encourage most families, particularly in urban areas, to have no more than one child.
newcomers
Those who went through relocation camps experienced fear and humiliation in dehumanizing conditions, resulting in passivity, dependency, and learned helplessness
The town of _____________ has the largest population of Hmong per capita in the United States
Wausau, Wisconsin
Gelassenheit
a common German word in Amish life that means "submission"
French social historian Emmanuel Todd developed a layout of family types in an attempt to link
a country's prevailing family structure with its political ideology
The term Hmong actually refers to
a diverse group-classifications based on clothing and custom
Today, 35%-40% of the US population can trace
a heritage to a family member who passed through the immigration processing station on Ellis Island
To some, segregation connotes
a judgment of superiority and inferiority, as well as prejudice and hatred between groups
pan-Arabism
a political alliance or union of all the Arab nations
Spanglish
a practice called code switching by linguists to refer to changing from one language to another for a single word, phrase, clause, or entire sentence
After World War I, the European colonial powers began
a slow retreat
patriarchal society
a system where men are in authority over women in all aspects of society
tejano
a term in widespread use in Texas to refer to people born in Texas of Mexican ancestry
mexican-american
a term similar to Irish-American, indicates a person from a specific country of origin who is in the assimilation process
Women walk the streets wearing a long black cloak called an
abaya
Predisposition also refers to
adaptive personality attributes
As Anabaptists, the Amish believe in
adult baptism and living apart from the world, preferring a simple, agrarian lifestyle
majlis
age-old practice which provides any citizen access to the king and local governors
The Japanese immigrants in Brazil worked primarily as
agricultural workers
No one institution or individual speaks for __________.
all Muslims
dispora
all groups that move from one part of the world to another, even if that migration was of free choice.
Illegal immigrants who enter the United States come from
all over the world
Marriages in Saudi Arabia today may still be
alliances between families
61% of Dutch people felt that most societal tensions were between
allochtonen and autochtonen
Sufism
an ascetic movement throughout Islam directed toward mysticism and a direct personal experience with God
What do the abaya and veil represent?
an old tradition to safeguard women from advances by strange men.
Islamic law gives the Saudi woman the right to
approve or reject her family's choice
Since the late 1980s, one of the ways to immigrate into a European Union (EU) country was for
asylum
In the industrialized world, only in the Nordic countries is the poverty rate
below 10% for one-parent families
what words have been used to describe integration
biculturalism and pluralism
Some stations have experimented with a _______ that attempts to bridge the two cultures by speaking both languages
bilingual format
The word sex is more frequently used to refer to the
biological features based on chromosomal evidence that distinguish males from females
The world's largest human migration occurs annually within the
borders of China during the Chinese Spring Festival holiday
The Beachy Amish, named after the leader Moses Beachy, use
both automobiles and electricity."
hispanic
came into common use as a result of the 1980 census to identify various U.S. Spanish speakers' shared roots to Spain. It refers to that population segment with the capability of speaking and comprehending the Spanish language, with ancestry based in a Spanish-speaking country, and that identify with Hispanic cultures
The major consequence of labeling is
categorization, the act of setting those labeled peoples as separate and apart.
Grooms in masculine countries with high uncertainty avoidance more highly value
chastity
Family structure changes as
children and grandchildren begin to take places in the new culture and become strangers
Countries that have rules regarding equal partition of parental property among all offspring tend to be
collectivist
Countries with egalitarian nuclear families tend to be
collectivist
Anthropologists have shown that women share
common communication behaviors across cultures
the Hmong fought the ________ in Laos
communists
An arab woman who is a wife and a mother is entitled to
complete provision and total maintenance by her husband
nuclear family
composed of one married pair and their unmarried offspring
extended family
composed of two or more nuclear families joined by an extension of the parent-child relationship
the Qur'an is part of Saudi Arabia's
constitution
Integration ensures a
continuity of culture
In comparing Amish cultural patterns to dominant U.S. cultural patterns, major attention must be given to how the Amish
control change
Saudi accounting of time shows a strong relationship to the __________.
cosmos
family types are linked to
cultural factors
Women's role in the family unit has a relationship to
cultural values
Whether an individual enters a host culture as a sojourner or as an immigrant, ___________ is the first likely response
culture shock
The Amish are an example of a
culture within a culture that has attempted to maintain its original culture and to participate as little as possible in the U.S. dominant culture
in western countries, marriage as an institution has
declined
Today the number of Hmong with any memory of life in Laos is
declining
The 6 states passed illegal immigration laws designed to
decrease illegal immigration by, among other provisions, making it a crime not to carry documents and granting law enforcement powers to detain anyone suspected to be in the country illegally and not in possession of appropriate documents
A fascinating part of Israel's immigration history is the
descendants of the ancient Jewish community in Ethiopia known as the Falash Mura
In countries all over the world, it was expected that the indigenous cultures and languages would eventually
disappear naturally or by absorption into the population of an emerging national culture
The Israeli government implemented programs to discourage
discrimination
each major wave of immigrants experienced
discrimination
The second stage of culture shock involves
disintegration of familiar cues and irritation and hostility with the differences experienced in the new culture
The term culture shock was popularized by anthropologist Kalvero Oberg to describe the feelings of
disorientation and anxiety that many people experience for a time while living in a foreign country
With economic reforms and increasing Western influence, _______________, particularly in urban areas.
divorce rates in China have soared
what became a symbol of change that could fundamentally alter Saudi society and the first step to other freedoms?
driving (youtube video)
In 1962, Korea and Brazil reached an agreement to
ease unemployment in South Korea and to develop farmlands in Brazil
Today the Internet provides
easy and ongoing exposure to an immigrant's home mass media
U.S. citizenship is________, _________, and ____________.
easy to acquire, is hard to lose, and imposes few duties
The World Economic Forum report examined the relationship between
economic performance and gender inequity
Under Saudi Arabia's Basic Law, the role of media is to _________________.
educate and inspire national unity
a major factor in maintaining control of change was the dominant culture's allowing the Amish their own
educational system
The most conservative and strict, the Old Order Amish, avoid any use of
electricity and automobiles
the amish refer to anyone not amish as
english
Korean immigrants worked as
entrepreneurs in the garment trade
asymmetrical community family
equality between brothers is established by inheritance rules, married sons cohabit with their parents, and marriages between the children of brothers is prohibited, but there is a preference for marriages between the children of brothers and sisters. Spouses are selected by custom.
exogamous community family
equality of brothers is defined by rules of inheritance, married sons cohabit with their parents, and cousins do not marry. Spouses are selected by custom.
egalitarian nuclear family
equality of brothers is laid down by inheritance rules, married children do not cohabit with their parents, and there is no marriage between the children of brothers. Spouses are selected by the individual with a strong exogamous obligation.
But it was the Fourteenth Amendment, ratified in 1868, that
established an important foundation for U.S. immigration and citizenship laws even though it was not drafted in response to immigration
The term Koryo-saram refers to
ethnic Koreans in the post-Soviet states
The traditional melting pot assimilation theory held that
ethnic identity largely disappeared in one or two generations after arriving in the United States
The Census Bureau considers hispanic as an __________________, so in the U.S. census, someone of any race can be Hispanic.
ethnicity rather than a race
hmong culture is _________ in the united states
evident
muslim women must be covered except
face and hands (views for face)
Often less sophisticated than urban counterparts, rural refugees do not
fare well in a capitalistic society, although their children progress economically and socially
tradition of the Amish is
farming
Newcomers see opportunities but also experience
fear, uncertainty, and unhappiness
Sweden has gradually tightened its asylum rules, responding to
fears that its generous welfare system cannot cope with the immigrant numbers
Israel has established a
fence to block more from entering the country
Adler, Pedersen, and others have described culture shock as a
five-stage process
_______ is said to be socially constructed or learned
gender
An Amish settlement refers to a
geographic area
Caliphates is the name given to _________________________________.
geographical areas ruled by a chief Muslim civil and religious leader
assimilation
giving up one's original cultural identity and moving into full participation in the new culture.
In the fourth stage of culture shock,
gradual adjustment continues toward gradual autonomy and seeing "good" and "bad" elements in both the home and new cultures
arab culture is more ______ oriented
group
The majority of Saudi women are willing to accept women's position in society in return for the
guarantee of security that Islamic traditions provide
The changing labor market brought on by World War II saw the birth of the bracero program, which is a
guest worker initiative for agriculture that lasted until the 1960s
In 1965, country quotas were replaced with
hemisphere quotas
The term ___________ has been rejected by some because its use was imposed by the government as a way to identify Spanish-speaking people in the census
hispanic
One consequence of the September 11, 2001, attacks on the United States is that
immigration law has achieved new visibility and a much greater sense of national importance in the minds of legislators, the Obama administration, the media, and the public
Alberto Gonzalez (1990) has identified in labeling the themes of
inclusion and separation
Studies of immigration in the 1990s have shown that the educational level of immigrants has
increased
women's access to education has
increased dramatically
But now with a growing economy, record low unemployment, and a government encouraging filling jobs with immigrants, Brazil has again experienced
increased immigration, including many from African countries, Europe, China, South Korea, and the United States
Countries that have rules prescribing unequal partition of inheritance and that have historically allowed parents (usually fathers) to have full freedom in deciding who will inherit tend to be
individualist.
Countries with predominantly absolute nuclear families and with authoritarian families tend to be
individualistic
The effects of culture shock on intercultural communication are obvious: The immigrant's—or visitor's—_____________________ becomes less effective.
intercultural communication
The U.S. urban environment and value placed on individualism reduce the need for
interdependence traditionally provided by the family
What is unique is that Brazil may have the highest degree of
intermarriage in the world
Todd's layout argued that why a country has a particular form of government is that
it's consistent with the prevailing family structure
The Russian immigrants typically had
job skills that Israel needed
The majority of refugee young adults have ______, ________, and _______________
jobs, homes, and cordial relations with U.S. colleagues and neighbors
Britain's approach allowed immigrants to
keep distinctive cultural backgrounds and identities
Spanglish used by Hispanics reflects both a
knowledge of Spanish and an awareness of the U.S. culture
what has a long history in the Americas
labeling
Immigration from Mexico has largely been tied to
labor needs in Mexico and the United States
European countries welcomed immigration for _______________.
laborers in their economic expansion
The word gender is more often used to refer to the
learned behaviors and attitudes associated with the words feminine and masculine
In the 1980s, an economic crisis changed the flow as many Brazilians did what?
left for the United States and Europe in search of work
While the Hmong had little choice but to leave their homeland, the Amish
left voluntarily and have voluntarily chosen to remain apart from the dominant U.S. culture and resist acculturation
The government __________________ to ensure that standards of taste are maintained.
licenses all bookshops, printing presses, and public relations agencies
Assimilation is a ____________ process.
long-term and sometimes multigenerational
integration
maintaining important parts of one's original culture as well as becoming an integral part of the new culture
Separation and segregation refer to
maintaining one's original culture and not participating in the new culture
amish society is ________ dominated
male
The majority of women in the workforce perform
manual labor that requires minimal skills
Many factors contribute to this migration, including China's
market economy, surplus labor in agriculture, and rural-urban income disparity
The Hmong tribal tradition of "_________________" was considered an acceptable form of elopement
marriage by capture
Todd added the criteria of
marriage partner choice
At different times in different countries, policies have ranged from
matawain
spanish cultures in the US have a rich
media
The phrase most often used to describe the assimilation of the early immigrants into the United States is
melting pot
Throughout its history Brazil has been a
melting pot of races and cultures
The ______________ are lost in history
migration experiences of the groups now known as American Indians
Arabs are now a _____ in the religion
minority
Hmong religious practices were
misunderstood and a source of prejudice (ancestor worship, animal sacrifice, and shaman healing)
English-dominant and bilingual Hispanic Internet users are more likely to use a
mobile phone or tablet to access the Internet
Islam is a ____________ religion
monotheistic
Younger immigrants adapt __________ than older ones.
more easily
The United States is host to
more immigrants than any other nation
latino
most often refers to spanish-speaking individuals who came from, or whose ancestors came from, anywhere in Latin America. The term is more commonly used in the U.S. Southwest
chicano
most often refers to that segment of the population born in the United States but with ancestors who came from Mexico.
With time, more and more of the immigrants
moved to the cities and assimilated into the Brazilian culture
In 2011 the Netherlands officially abandoned its policy of
multiculturalism
The label Chicano has a political meaning and is often used to represent a
nationalist or separatist identity and a commitment to disassimilation
That immigration remains a major issue in the United States is reflected in
new state laws passed in response to what was seen as a lack federal government action
immigration remains a major issue in the United States is reflected in passed laws designed to decrease illegal immigration by, among other provisions, making it a crime not to carry documents and granting law enforcement powers to detain anyone suspected to be in the country illegally and not in possession of appropriate documents
new state laws passed in response to what was seen as a lack federal government action
In a 1993 report, separate HDI scores for women were calculated for 33 countries from which comparable data were available. the report concluded that _________________________________________.
no country treated its women as well as it treated its men
Islam respects all kinds of work as long as there is
no indecency or wrong involved
In the Qur'an, there is ________________, as in the United States.
no separation of church and state
Some Israelis fear that the country has become a preferred destination for
non-Jews (from the former Soviet Union who immigrated only for economic reasons; who brought prostitution, corruption, and crime; and who have no desire to become Jewish)
Just as the Muslim religion includes more than Arabs, ____________________________.
not all Arabs are Muslim
That voluntary separation (for Amish) extends to
not voting
in Arab culture, a man's honor resides in the
number of sons he sires
The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples unequivocally suggests that indigenous peoples should
occupy a privileged political and legal position
Islam is the only world religion that
offers rules by which to govern a state as well as a set of spiritual beliefs
Recent immigration from Spanish-speaking countries has brought calls for
official English language laws
Saudi Arabia became one of the strongest economies in the world, with _____ as the source of its income.
oil
Saudi Arabia has parallel legal systems—
one civil and the other, more prominent sharia system, based on the Qur'an.
culture shock results from an awareness that
one's basic assumptions about life and one's familiar ways of behaving are no longer appropriate or functional
worldview is the
outlook that a culture has concerning the nature of the universe, the nature of humankind, the relationship between humanity and the universe, and other philosophical issues defining humans' place in the cosmos
More than a quarter of all children born in the United States, a third of those in France, and half of those in Sweden and Denmark are born ___________.
outside marriage
Canadian immigrants ranked first in
overall assimilation
Female and male infants are born with similar potentials, but
parents and other socializing agencies impose different standards of behavior on the offspring in accordance with cultural guidelines
Worldwide, with more women moving into the workforce, the ______________ is diminishing.
parents' role in preparing children for adulthood
immigrants
people who relocate permanently to a new culture who face the greatest challenges
Any single label that includes Spaniards, Cubans, Mexican-Americans, Latinos, and Puerto Ricans groups together
peoples with very diverse histories and cultures
The symptoms of culture shock are
pervasive and vary in intensity, duration, and severity among individuals.
Individuals can experience both _________ and _________ during culture shock
physical and psychological symptoms
After the military coup d'état in 1964, Brazil largely ended
policies to attract foreign migrants
asylees are seeking refuge in another country for
political reasons
The idea of the United States as one nation of peoples of many backgrounds has been a
popular cultural myth
Muslims are known for
preserving ethics and family values
In 1798, Congress passed the Act Concerning Aliens, which gave the
president power to deport all immigrants deemed dangerous to national security
Muslims in Denmark feel that
pressure to assimilate is increasing because of the country's fear of terrorism
reducing gender inequality enhances
productivity and economic growth
gender inequality index does not take into account such things as
property rights, overall health, female genital mutilation and foeticide, domestic violence, rape, trafficking and slavery, or other elements such as the fact that many women carry the additional burdens of caregiving and housekeeping
Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck value orientation theory
provides a way to understand core cultural differences related to five basic human concerns, or orientations.
historically, _____ has been an important medium in Spanish speaking communities
radio
In industrial nations, maternal deaths are
rare
The Hmong
recent immigrants who have been called the most ill-prepared people ever to immigrate to the United States
The fifth and final stage of culture shock is described as
reciprocal interdependence
Critics argue that the policy in France limits the ability to
recognize and treat the difficulties minorities face
expatriate
refers to a noncitizen worker who lives in a country for an indeterminate length of time
predisposition
refers to how similar the home culture is to the new host culture. For example, an immigrant from Canada to the United States finds acculturation easier than an Asian immigrant
marginalization
refers to losing one's cultural identity and not having any psychological contact with the larger society. The person has feelings of "not belonging anywhere."
spanish origin
refers to that segment of the population that came from a Spanish-speaking country or that has ancestors who came from a Spanish-speaking country. This term does not indicate that the person is Spanish speaking or personally identifies with Hispanic cultures
host communication competence
refers to the capacity to communicate with the host culture's communication symbols and meaning systems
spanish surnamed
refers to the population segment with last names that have been identified as Spanish by the U.S. Census Bureau
spanish speaking
refers to the population with the ability to speak and comprehend the Spanish language, whether as a primary or secondary language. This term encompasses non-Hispanics as well as Hispanics
host environment
refers to the relative strength of the immigrant group to maintain its culture and the relative strength of the new host culture to conform
participation in host social communication
refers to the time and skill devoted to participation in the host culture's mass media and in interpersonal communication with host culture members
participation in ethnic social communication
refers to the time devoted to communicating with fellow co-immigrants and time devoted to mass media targeted for the immigrant
Immigrants include
refugees and asylees
hispanic population is
regionally concentrated
The third stage of culture shock involves a
reintegration of new cues and an increased ability to function in the new culture
The Amish immigrated to the United States as a
religious community
imam
religious leader claiming descent from Muhammad
public facilities are separated by sex due to the
religious restrictions of separating men and women in Islam
Europeans were welcomed as a means to
replace slave labor in coffee cultivation
both tourists and sojourners expect to
return home
Reverse culture shock also can occur upon
returning home after a long stay outside one's home country
If a person has adjusted exceptionally well to the host culture, what may occur?
reverse culture shock
This type of culture shock may cause greater distress and confusion than the original did
reverse culture shock
Today, you are more likely to hear the ________ to suggest that the elements maintain their own taste or identity but exist together to create the whole
salad analogy or stew analogy
largest market for U.S. consumer products in the Middle East
saudi arabia
what country is a monarchy?
saudi arabia
The first wave of mass immigration occurred during the
second half of the 19th century
_______________ has become a reliable indicator of sex discrimination
sex ratio at birth
Minimal or nonexistent English language skills result in
social isolation
The platform LoonLounge, developed by a Canadian immigration attorney, is a
social networking site where Canadian citizens and prospective Canadians can connect
sojourner
someone who lives in a country for a limited time, from as little as 6 months to as long as 5 years, with a specific and goal-oriented purpose, such as education
while we have no label for our hypothetical amerienglish, we have several labels for people who
speak spanish
Kim describes the nature of the adaptation process as
stress-adaptation-growth dynamic
While not true of all Islamic countries, Saudi Arabia enforces _____________.
strict codes of behavior for women
Such behaviors by hispanics were argued to be related to
strong shared cultural values—an explicit moral structure, a Roman Catholic tradition, and social integration that binds individuals and families together into a larger community
The ability to communicate skillfully in the host culture's dominant language is perhaps the most important factor in
successful acculturation
During the 1880s and 1890s in the US, eastern and southern European immigrants were viewed with
suspicion because of darker skin and the religion of Catholicism
In the 1880s and 1890s, eastern and southern European immigrants were viewed with
suspicion because of darker skin and the religion of Catholicism.
China's migrant workers display many of the
symptoms of culture shock
The Aztecs' special strength was
synthesizing and using cultural elements from many conquered peoples
acculturation
taking on some new surroundings, but maintaining own culture (meeting between cultures) an immigrant's learning and adopting the norms and values of the new host culture
During what is called "time out" or rumspringa
teenage Amish, beginning at the age of 16, are given quite a bit of freedom to investigate the outside world before deciding whether to rejoin the church for the rest of their lives
New Order Amish use
telephones and powered farm equipment but use batteries and generators rather than public electricity
European Governments saw this immigration as
temporary and expected the immigrants to return to their home countries
Amerienglish
term to describe a group based on ancestry and language use, but that term negates other important aspects of the peoples' cultures and is probably a term people in that group would reject
"Perhaps the most complex of Mexico's indigenous people were
the Mayas, with a reliable agricultural base, a polytheistic religion, and developing mathematics, astronomy, and other sciences
hajj
the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca that takes place in the last month of the year, and that all Muslims are expected to make at least once during their lifetime.
Today, _____________ is the world's largest oil consumer
the United States
Israel, Western Europe, and Brazil are presented as examples of
the challenges presented by immigration and as a comparison to the United States
infanticide
the crime of killing a child within a year of birth
Inclusion
the desire for belonging on the basis of one's worth
Arabs
the ethnic group that originally spread Islam
what brought Eastern Europeans into Western European nations?
the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union
Arab culture is organized around what two things
the family and tribal line
culture shock
the feelings one can experience upon introduction to a new culture
separation
the fragmentation of not belonging
In the cases where assimilation policies approached cultural genocide, such as in Australia and North America, the language of the declaration suggests that
the governments could be obligated to assist in correcting past injustices and practices
Saudi Arabia discovered oil in __________.
the late 1930's
family unit
the organization in which the majority of human beings continue to exist
exogamy
the practice of marrying outside a defined group
endogamy
the practice of marrying within a defined group
In the more feminine cultures, there was little or no difference between ____________________.
the preferred characteristics of boyfriends and husbands
One result of the 14th amendment is that the United States is one of the last countries in the world to follow
the principle of birthright citizenship, or jus sol
asylum
the protection granted by a nation to someone who has left their native country as an asylum
Berry, Kim, and Boski (1987) have described acculturation in relation to two dimensions:
the value placed on maintaining one's original cultural identity and the value given to maintaining relationships with other groups in one's new culture
Generally, then, while the Spanish language is important, more than half would prefer to be identified by
their country of origin as the majority believe the category Hispanic includes many different cultures
refugees are seeking safe haven because
their home country is no longer safe due to natural disaster or war
absolute nuclear family
there are no precise inheritance rules so there is frequent use of wills, married children do not cohabit with their parents, and there is no marriage between children of brothers. Spouses are selected by the individual with a strong exogamous obligation.
endogamous community family
there is equality between brothers established by inheritance rules, married children cohabit with their parents, and there is frequent marriage between children of brothers. Spouses are selected by custom.
authoritarian family
there is inequality of brothers as inheritance rules transfer patrimony to one of the sons, the married heir cohabits with his parents, and there is little or no marriage between the children of two brothers. Spouses are selected by parents.
anomie family
there is uncertainty about equality between brothers since inheritance rules are egalitarian in theory but flexible in practice, cohabitation of married children with parents is rejected in theory but accepted in practice, and consanguine (marriage of related individuals) marriage is possible and sometimes frequent. Spouses are selected by the individual with a weak exogamous obligation.
Israel has the world's _________________ outside of the former Soviet Union.
third largest Russian-speaking community
Following the U.S. Civil War, in the second half of the 19th century, what happened?
thousands of people from all over the south migrated to Mexico, Cuba, and Brazil.
A lunar month is the
time between two new moons
cross-cultural adaptation theory
to describe the process an individual undergoes upon entering a new culture (interaction of individual and the new environment)
surprisingly, though, the emotions experienced at the third stage of culture shock are
typically anger and resentment toward the new culture for "being different"
Throughout Western Europe a growing "_____________" mentality grew.
us versus them
European countries have adopted
various policies to respond to growing Muslim immigration
Refugees are guaranteed _________ by federal law
welfare
The Hmong have the highest ______________ in the United States
welfare dependency rate of any refugee group
By establishing that anyone born in the country was a citizen, it was drafted to establish that former slaves
were citizens with all rights of citizens
reciprocal interdependence
when the person has achieved biculturalism by developing the ability to cope comfortably in both the home and new cultures. Full adjustment can take years.
You learn as children what actions and attitudes are associated with
your biological self
Westerners once called Islam __________________, but Muslims objected to the term because Muhammad is not regarded as divine.
"Muhammadanism"
Since the establishment of Israel, more than 3.1 million people have immigrated, with the largest numbers from
"countries of distress," places where Jews are unwelcome, harassed, or persecuted.
The Hmong literally means
"free men"
autochtonen
"from here"
The first stage of culture shock is called the
"honeymoon stage" or initial euphoria
During the 1850s in the US, the Germans and Irish who were fleeing economic destitution were largely viewed as a
"lower class of people"
it can be said that Islam is a "________________________________________"
"multidimensional system of beliefs that embraces the spiritual and the material, the divine and the earthly, the heavenly soul and mortal worldly deeds"
allochtonen
"not from here"
The UN's special representative on sexual violence in conflict called the Democratic Republic of Congo the ___________
"rape capital of the world"
The Qur'an means
"the recitation"
