Ch 8

_____ is a statistical technique in which additional knowledge is used to revise earlier estimates of probabilities.

Bayesian revision

The basic Web client/server model is a three-tier model.

False

The challenge-response content-filtering technique uses a black list as the basis for a confirmation procedure.

False

The rejected e-mails in a white list spam filter are deleted.

False

The smaller servers used in the decentralized architecture are more expensive than the large servers used in the centralized approach.

False

Very small companies can run Web sites on desktop PCs.

True

When people use Web browser software to become part of the Web, their computers become Web client computers on a worldwide client/server network.

True

With remote server administration software, a Web site administrator can control a Web site from any Internet- connected computer.

True

Efforts to reduce the environmental impact of large computing installations are called _____ computing.

green

A(n) _____ utility program examines each page on a Web site and reports any URLs that no longer exist.

link checker

A(n) _____ is a piece of network hardware that monitors the workloads of servers attached to it and assigns incoming Web traffic to the server that has the most available capacity at that instant in time.

load-balancing switch

Visitor information captured by Web servers are placed into a Web _____ for data analysis.

log file

A(n) _____ file is a file on a Web server that is not linked to any page.

orphan

The ability of a network to connect devices that use different operating systems is called _____.

platform neutrality

In a client/server architecture, the _____ contains a command, the name of the target resource, and the protocol name and version number.

request line

The message that a Web client sends to request a file or files from a Web server is called a(n) _____.

request message

A(n) _____ returns information describing a server's attributes.

response header field

A(n) _____ indicates the HTTP version used by the server, the status of the response, and an explanation of the status information.

response header line

A(n) _____ is any computer used to provide files or make programs available to other computers connected to it through a network.

server

The various ways that servers can be connected to each other and to related hardware, such as routers and switches, are called _____.

server architecture

A large collection of servers is called a(n) _____.

server farm

In _____, a program running on a Web server creates a Web page in response to a request for specific information from a Web client.

server-side scripting

A _____ is an unsolicited commercial e-mail.

spam

A _____ page is an unchanging page retrieved from a file on a Web server.

static

The practice of launching a return attack by sending e-mail messages back to a computer that originated a suspected spam is referred to as _____.

teergrubing

_____ lets programmers create Web pages that will update asynchronously while the rest of the Web page continues to be displayed in the browser.

AJAX

_____ Server has dominated the Web since 1996 because it is free and performs very efficiently.

Apache HTTP

_____ is a development framework used to create interactive Web sites that look like applications running in a Web browser.

Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX)

_____ architectures are used in LANs, WANs, and the Web.

Client/server

_____ is a standard way of interfacing external applications with Web servers.

Common Gateway Interface

A black list spam filter cannot be implemented at the individual level.

False

Linux is a closed-source operating system software.

False

_____ are messages rejected by a white list spam filter that should not have been rejected.

False positives

The _____ is the part of the TCP/IP rules that defines the formats used to transfer files between TCP/IP- connected computers.

File Transfer Protocol

_____ in the form of programs called Java servlets, is a technology which is used to create dynamic Web pages.

JavaServerPages (JSP)

_____ is the amount of time a server requires to process one HTTP request.

Response time

_____ programs calculate and display the number of hops between computers and the time it takes to traverse the entire one-way path between machines.

Route-tracing

_____ is a program that allows a person using one computer to access files and run programs on a second computer that is connected to the Internet.

Telnet

_____ is the number of HTTP requests that a particular hardware and software combination can process in a unit of time.

Throughput

A _____ program sends data packets to every computer on the path between one computer and another and clocks the packets' round-trip times.

Tracert

One element that affects overall server performance is the server hardware.

True

FreeBSD is a(n) _____-based operating system.

UNIX

In the context of designing a large Website's operations, in a(n) _____ , a few very large and fast computers are used.

centralized architecture

A contentfiltering technique where the software that performs the filtering task is placed on individual users' computers is called _____.

client-level filtering

In _____, software operates on the browser to change what is displayed on the Web page in response to a user's actions.

client-side scripting

A(n) _____ is a program that attaches itself to another program and can cause damage when the host program is activated.

computer virus

The server computer on which database management software runs is often called a(n) _____.

database server

A _____, when clicked, displays an error message rather than a Web page.

dead link

Customized pages provided by Web servers in response to specific queries from site visitors are called _____.

dynamic content

A centralized architecture spreads failure risk over a large number of servers.

False

A drawback of decentralized architecture is that if one of the few servers becomes inoperable, a large portion of the site's capacity is lost.

False

A single client request always results in dozens or even hundreds of separate server responses to locate and deliver information.

False

A two-tier client/server architecture is sufficient for delivering dynamic content and processing transactions.

False

Few large centralized sites use load-balancing systems, at an additional expense, to assign the workload efficiently.

False

In dynamic page-generation technologies, server-side scripts and HTML-tagged text are used independently to create the dynamic Web page.

False

Software applications that generate information are located in the first tier of n-tier architectures.

False

_____ comes bundled with current versions of Microsoft Windows Server operating systems and is used on many corporate intranets because many companies have adopted Microsoft products as their standard products.

Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS)

_____ continually conducts surveys to tally the number of Web sites in existence and track which Web server software each uses.

Netcraft

_____ tasks include running programs and allocating computer resources such as memory and disk space to programs.

Operating system

_____ is the UNIX-based operating system of Oracle.

Solaris

Computers that are connected to the Internet and make some of their contents publicly available using the HTTP protocol are called Web servers.

True

In client-side scripting, changes are generated within the browser using software such as JavaScript.

True

Platform neutrality was a critical factor in the rapid spread and widespread acceptance of the Web.

True

The Internet connects many different types of computers that are running different types of operating system software.

True

The computers that perform the server function usually have more memory and larger, faster disk drives than the client computers they serve.

True

The entity body of a response message returns the HTML page requested by the client machine.

True

The three main elements of a Web server are the hardware, operating system software, and Web server software.

True

The two most commonly used Web server programs are Apache HTTP Server and Microsoft Internet Information Server, IIS.

True

In the context of Web server performance evaluation, _____ is testing that is used to compare the performance of hardware and software.

benchmarking

A popular server configuration which involves putting small server computers on a single computer board and then installing many of those boards into a rack-mounted frame. These servers-on-a-card are called _____.

blade servers

In the context of multiple meanings of the term server, the server computer that handles incoming and outgoing e- mail is usually called a(n) _____.

e-mail server

In a client/server architecture, an optional _____ is sometimes used to pass bulk information to the server.

entity body

The computer on which a company runs its accounting and inventory management software is sometimes called a(n) _____.

transaction server

The Web client/server model in which messages are created and read only by the client and the server computers is called a(n) _____.

two tier client/server architecture

A _____ spam filter examines From addresses and compares them to a list of known good sender addresses.

white list