Ch. 8 Criminal Law

The crime of​ _____ is the fraudulent conversion of property by a person to whom that property was entrusted.

Embezzlement

A rule that says evidence obtained from an unreasonable search and seizure can generally be prohibited from introduction at a trial or an administrative proceeding against the person searched is called .

Exclusionary Rule

Most crimes against persons (e.g., murder, rape) and certain business-related crimes (e.g., embezzlement, bribery) fall into which of the following categories of crimes?

Felony

Sometimes a murder is committed during the commission of another crime even though the perpetrator did not originally intend to commit murder. Most states hold the perpetrator liable for the crime of murder in addition to the other crime. This is called the​ _____

Felony Murder Rule

The​ _____ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution provides that no person​ "shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against​ himself."

Fifth

A party may enter a plea of​ _____, whereby the accused agrees to the imposition of a penalty but does not admit guilt.

Nolo Contendere

A crime that imposes criminal liability without a finding of mens rea (intent) is called .

Non-intent Crime

A woman is pulled over for speeding. The police officer issues her a ticket, and she's required to pay the fine. Into which of the following categories of crime does the woman's speeding fit?

Violation

Which of the following best defines an intent crime?

A crime that requires the defendant to be found guilty of committing a criminal act (actus reus) with criminal intent (mens rea)

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding a hung​ jury?

A hung jury cannot come to a unanimous decision about the​ defendant's guilt.

What is true about a warrantless arrest?

A warrantless arrest must be based on probable cause and a showing that it was not convenient to obtain an arrest warrant.

The actual performance of the criminal act is called the​ _____.

Actus Reus

A bank teller's job is to take deposits from the bank's customers and deposit them into the customers' accounts. One bank teller takes the occasional cash deposit and slips it into his own wallet instead. This scenario is an example of which one of the following white-collar crimes?

Embezzlement

Walt has been arrested for the crime of automobile theft. At a hearing, Walt is asked how he pleads. Walt replies, "Not guilty." Walt is attending which of the following?

Arraignment

The police have obtained information from a reliable informant about the criminal activity of an individual; they further investigate and arrive at the conclusion that the individual who is the target of their investigation is involved in the illegal selling of drugs. The police can take this evidence and place it before a judge. If the judge believes there is probable cause, the judge will issue which of the following?

Arrest Warrant

An owner of a motel burns down his own motel to collect fire insurance proceeds. The owner is guilty of which one of the following crimes?

Arson

Extortion of private persons is commonly referred to as​

Blackmail

Joey breaks into Rachel's apartment and steals her leather Barcalounger. Joey is guilty of which of the following crimes?

Burglary

A criminal​ _____ occurs when two or more persons enter into an agreement to commit a crime.

Conspiracy

A(n) _____ is defined as any act by an individual in violation of those duties that he or she owes to society and for the breach of which the law provides that the wrongdoer shall make amends to the public

Crime

If a state tries a suspect for the crime of murder and the suspect is found not guilty, the state cannot bring another trial against the accused for the same crime. Which of the following protects persons from being tried twice for the same crime?

Double Jeopardy Clause

Which of the following protects criminal defendants from cruel and unusual punishment?

Eighth Amendment

A person purchases a semi-automatic firearm for the purpose of killing someone, lies in wait at an office building to kill that person, and then carries out the murder. This scenario is an example of which of the following?

First-Degree Murder

A freelancer gets a handwritten check as payment for a project. Because there's a little bit of space, he adds an extra zero to the payment and alters the written numeral too. This scenario is an example of which one of the following white-collar crimes?

Forgery

The​ _____ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects persons and corporations from overzealous investigative activities by the government.

Fourth

An indictment is the charge of having committed a crime​ (usually a​ felony), based on the judgment of​ a(n) _____.

Grand Jury

A person leaves the bar and instead of taking a cab, drives home. He runs a stoplight, hits another car, and unintentionally causes the other driver's death. This scenario is an example of which of the following?

Involuntary Manslaughter

A person breaks the window of a car and steals the brand-new stereo system. This scenario describes which of the following crimes?

Larceny

Misdemeanors are​ _____ crimes; that​ is, they are not inherently evil but are prohibited by society.

Mala Prohibita

_____ crimes are inherently evil.

Mala in Se

A man breaks into a home and steals several expensive necklaces. When the man is caught, he is sentenced to pay a fine and serve a sentence in jail for six months. Into which of the following categories of crime does the man's burglary fit?

Misdemeanor

Walter Green, a methamphetamine cook, purchases a restaurant. He plans to use this business and run the money he earns from his illegal drug activity through the restaurant. He and his team "cook" the books, which show faked expenditures and receipts, and is the repository for the "buried" illegal money. This scenario is an example of which one of the following white-collar crimes?

Money Laundering

An accused is charged with first-degree murder, which, if proven, carries a penalty of life imprisonment. The government and the accused reach an agreement whereby the accused agrees to plead guilty to the crime of second-degree murder, which carries a maximum penalty of 20 years in jail. Therefore, a trial is avoided. The accused agreed to which of the following?

Plea Bargaining Agreement

A woman is walking home when a man jumps out from behind a bus stop and stops her. He threatens to shoot the woman unless the victim gives her purse to him. This scenario describes which of the following crimes?

Robbery

Two people who have never met are at a bar, have a few too many beers, and get into an unplanned fight. One of the people kills the other. This scenario is an example of which of the following?

Second-Degree Murder

Which of the following includes the rights to (1) be tried by an impartial jury of the state or district in which the alleged crime was committed, (2) confront (cross-examine) the witnesses against the accused, (3) have the assistance of a lawyer, and (4) have a speedy trial?

Sixth Amendment

Some states refer to voluntary manslaughter as​ _____.

Third-Degree Murder

What is true about an accurate statement regarding a criminal​ conspiracy?

To be liable for a criminal​ conspiracy, a person must commit an overt act to further the crime.

A woman comes home unexpectedly and finds her husband committing infidelity. In a moment of anger, she "snaps" and kills the other woman. This scenario is an example of which of the following?

Voluntary Manslaughter

Police officers are called to the scene of a car accident caused by a drunk driver. The driver gets out of his car and starts running away. In this situation, the officers are most likely to do which of the following?

Warrantless Arrest

The Fourth Amendment does which of the following?

grants protection to people and businesses against unreasonable search and seizure by the government