ch. 8 elements of an organization
centralized authority
important decisions are made by higher level managers
responsibility
is the obligation you have to perform the tasks assigned to you
delegation
is the process of assigning managerial authority and responsibility to managers and employee lower in the hierarchy
coordinated effort
the coordination of individual efforts into a group or organization-wide effort
division of labor
also know as work specialization; is the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people
staff personnel
have authority functions; they provide advice recommendations, and research to line managers
line managers
have authority to make decisions are usually have people reporting to them
decentralized authority
important decisions are made by middle level and supervisory level managers
unity of command
in which an employee should report to no more than on manager
organization chart
is a box-and-line illustration showing the formal lines of authority and organizations official positions or work specializations
organization
is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people
accountabillity
managers must report and justify work results to the mangers above them
hierarchy of authority
or chain of command: is a control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time
span of control
refers to the number of people reporting directly to a given manager: or span of management
authority
refers to the right inherent in a managerial position to make decisions, give orders, and utilize resources
common purpose
unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organizations reason for being