Ch. 8 Group and Team Effectiveness

group cohesiveness

"we feeling" that binds members of a group together, is the principal by-product of Stage 3

team charters

describe how the team will operate, such as processes for sharing information and decision making (teamwork)

task roles

enable the work group to define, clarity, and pursue a common purpose keep group on track

maintenance roles are:

harmonizer compromiser encourager gatekeeper Commentator

role

set of expected behaviors for a particular position

milgrams studies

teacher shocking student figure

social loafing

tendency for individual effort to decline as group size increases

team composition

term that describes the collection of jobs, personalities, knowledge, skills, abilities, and experience of team members

cross-functionalism

when specialists from different areas are put on the same team

informal groups

exist when the member's overriding purpose of getting together is friendship or a common interest

trust

reciprocal belief that another person will consider how his or her intentions and behaviors will affect you

hybrid rewards

those that include team and individual components

virtual teams

work together over time and distance via electronic media to combine effort and achieve common goals

norm

attitude, opinion, feeling, or action-shared by two or more people-that guides behavior

team building

catchall term for a host of techniques aimed at improving the internal functioning of work groups

self-managed teams

defined as groups of workers who are given administrative oversight for their task domains

team performance strategies

deliberate plans that outline what exactly the team is to do, such as goal setting and defining particular member roles, tasks, and responsibilities

Gersick's Punctuated Equilibrium Model

Group development follows a pattern: 1. first meeting 2. inertia (typically doing very little) 3. increased level of activity at "halfway point" 4. more inertia/constancy in behavior until close to deadline 5. frenzied activity to complete project

Task Roles are:

Initiator Energizer Information Seeker Opinion Giver Elaborator Evaluator Recorder

3 C's of team players

Committed Collaborative Competent

formal group

assigned by organizations or their managers to accomplish specific goals

individual roles are:

blocker recognition seeker dominator evader

team adaptive capacity

important to meet changing demands and to effectively transition members in and dout

4 basic rules for brainstorming

1. avoid criticizing 2. share all suggestions 3. offer as many comments as possible 4. build on others ideas to create your own

eight dimensions of team effectiveness

1. clear elevating goal 2. results driven structure 3. competent team members 4. unified commitment 5. collaborative climate 6. standards of excellence 7. external support 8. principled leadership

to get ROI for team building

1. clear objectives 2. validation 3. performance information

Bruce Tuckman group development process

1. forming 2. storming 3. norming 4. performing 5. adjourning

group

1. two or more freely interacting individuals who -share norms and goals and have a common identity

maintenance roles

foster supportive and constructive interpersonal relationships keep group together

group role

set of expected behaviors for members of the group as a whole

different approaches to team building

single event recreational activity low-key offsite intensive offsite outdoor experience

team

small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable