Ch. 8 Nervous System

The central nervous system includes the a. spinal nerves. b. brain c. cranial nerves d. sensory receptors

B. brain

A motor neuron carries impulses a. to muscles and glands b. to the CNS c. always within the CNS

a. to muscles and glands

What areas of cortex are involved with integration and memory? a. primary motor areas b. association areas c. somatosensory areas d. gustatory areas

B

What is the role of acetylcholinesterase at a synapse? a. it stimulates the post-synaptic neuron b. it breaks down acetylcholine c. it releases calcium ions d. all apply

B

What prevents an action potential from moving backward along the axon? In other words, why do action potentials move in one direction only, down the axon away from the cell body? a. myelin sheaths prevent the action potential from moving backward b. the refractory period prevents the action potential from moving backward c. in some axons, action potentials do move backward

B

What separates the hemispheres of the cerebrum? a. lateral fissure b. longitudinal fissure c. corpus callosum d. central sulcus

B

What type of axon will experience the fastest conduction of an action potential? a. A myelinated, thin axon b. A myelinated, thick axon c. A nonmyelinated, thin axon d. A nonmyelinated, thick axon

B

Which of the following cranial nerves allows one to taste a lemon and then make a face because it is sour? a. trigeminal b. facial c. abducens d. glossopharyngeal

B

Which of the following cranial nerves is the only one to leave the head and neck area? a. accessory b. vagus c. hypoglossal d. trigeminal

B

Which of the following spinal nerve areas is NOT matched with the correct number of nerve pairs? a. Thoracic - 12 b. Cervical - 7 c. Lumbar - 5 d. Sacral - 5

B

Which of the following will NOT aid in maintaining mental functions as we age? a. exercise b. avoiding groups of people c. playing scrabble d. keeping good heart health

B

Which part of the brain is concerned with hunger, thirst, water balance, and body temp? a. Corpus callosum b. Hypothalamus c. thalamus d. Midbrain

B

Which system handles emotions? a. the reticular formation b. the limbic system c. the primary somatosensory cortex d. the brainstem

B

Which system is concerned with internal organs (viscera)? a. Somatic B. Autonomic c. Somatic and autonomic

B

The summing up of excitatory and inhibitory signals received by a neuron is called a. summation b. potentiation c. integration d. transmission

C

What do the ventricles of the brain contain? a. meninges b. dura mater c. cerebrospinal fluid d. meninges and dura mater

C

What effect would a drug that mimicked dopamine's action have in the brain? a. it would excite neurons b. it would inhibit neurons c. it would excite some neurons and inhibit others d. it would lead to a perception of pain

C

What is released by an excited presynaptic neuron and then diffuses across the synaptic cleft? a. sodium ions b. electrons c. a neuro transmitter d. potassium ions

C

The neurotransmitter used by the parasympathetic nervous system is a. norepinephrine b. dopamine c. serotonin d. acetylcholine

D

The prefrontal area is critical for a. seeing color b. hearing c. recognizing smells d making a plan of action

D

What does the action potential consist of? a. depolarization b. repolarization c. resting potential d. depolarization and repolarization

D

What protects the spinal cord? a. vertebrae b. meninges c. cerebrospinal fluid d. all apply

D

Which cranial nerve is NOT associated with the tongue? a. glossopharyngeal b. hypoglossal c. trigeminal d. vagus

D

Which lobe of the cerebrum is involved in social emotions and taste?

Insula

What system keeps the neuron at resting potential? a. osmosis b. pinocytosis c. sodium-potassium pump d. facilitated diffusion

c. sodium-potassium pump

A bundle of parallel axons in the CNS is called a ___, while the PNS a bundle of axons, is called a ____. a. nerve, tract b. dendrite, axon c. tract, nerve d. nucleus, ganglion

c. tract, nerve

The primary visual area is located in the ___ lobe

occipital

Wernicke's area helps

recognize and understand language

The spinal cord begins at the _____ and ends at the _____ a. foramen magnum; sacrum b. foramen magnum; first lumbar vertebrae c. fifth cervical vertebrae; coccyx d. second cervical vertebrae; first lumbar vertebrae

B

The optic nerve is cranial nerve number ____; it functions as a ____ nerve a. II; mixed b. II; sensory c. III; mixed d. III; sensory

B

The primary somatosensory area is located in the ____ lobe a. frontal b. parietal c. temporal d. occipital

B

The protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord are the a. ventricles b. meninges c. serous membranes d. arbor vitae

B

The time between action potentials when a neuron is unable to respond to stimulus is called the a. resting potential b. refractory period c. saltatory period d. depolarization period

B

Through which process is a neurotransmitter released form the presynaptic neuron? a. endocytosis b. exocytosis c. pinocytosis d. osmosis

B

There are ___ pairs of cranial nerves and ___ pair of spinal nerves

12; 31

A sensory neuron carries impulses a. to muscles and glands b. to the CNS c. always within the CNS

B. to the CNS

Which ventricle is located in the brainstem? a. lateral b. third c. fourth d. second

C

What part of the limbic system is vital in converting short-term memory to long-term memory?

Hippocampus

the primary auditory area is located in the ____ lobe

temporal

A fascicle of axons is surrounded by the a. perineurium b. endoneurium c. epineurium d. myelin sheath

A

From which area of the spinal cord does the femoral nerve come? a. Lumbar region b. sacral region c. thoracic region d. coccygeal region

A

Receptors for neurotransmitters on the post-synaptic neuron membrane are often what type? a. ligand-regulated gates b. voltage-regulated gates c. pressure-regulated gates d. threshold-regulated gates

A

Restful activities are governed by the a. parasympathetic nervous system b. sympathetic nervous system c. both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

A

The ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord are part of the a. white matter b. gray matter c. both gray matter and white matter

A

The craniosacral division of the autonomic nervous system refers to the a. parasympathetic nervous system b. sympathetic nervous system c. somatic nervous system d. vagal system e. enteric nervous system

A

The lateral ventricles are located in the a. cerebrum b. medulla oblongata c. thalamus d. cerebellum

A

The motor speech area is found in the left frontal lobe and is called a. Broca's area b. Wernicke's area c. prefrontal area d. insula

A

The posterior root of a spinal nerve contains ___ fibers, while the anterior root contains ___ fibers. a. sensory; motor b. sensory; association c. motor; sensory d. motor; association

A

The primary motor cortex is located in the _____ lobe a. frontal b. parietal c. temporal d. occipital

A

The small gap between two successive neurons is called the a. synaptic cleft b. axon terminal c. dendrite terminal d. neurotransmitter

A

The tough outer meninx is the a. dura mater b. arachnoid mater c. pia mater

A

What is the body's response to the ankle-jerk reflex? a. plantar flexion b. dorsiflexion c. extension of the knee d. extension of the toes

A

When someone is given epidural anesthesia near their spinal cord, the drug delivered in the space between a. the dura mater and a vertebra b. the dura mater and the arachnoid mater c. the central canal and the dura mater d. the epithelium of the dura and the pia mater e. a vertebra and its periosteum

A

Which of the following NOT served by the somatic sensory division of the PNS? a. stomach b. skeletal muscles c. special senses d. skin

A

Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT associated with eye muscles? a. glossopharyngeal b. oculomotor c. trochlear d. abdcens

A

Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT purely motor in its function? a. trigeminal b. trochlear c. spinal accessory d. abducens

A

Which of the following is NOT a location where cerebrospinal fluid is found? a. subdural space b. brain ventricles c. central canal of the spinal cord d. subarachnoid space

A

Which of the following is NOT true of the sympathetic division of the ANS? a. the ganglia are located near the effectors b. cell body of the preganglionic neuron is in the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord c. the preganglionic neurons are short the preganglionic neurons are long

A

Which part of the brain functions to send incoming sensory signals to the appropriate cortical areas? a. Thalamus b. Hypothalamus c. Cerebellum D. Pons

A

Which system innervates skeletal muscles? a. somatic b. sympathetic c. parasympathetic d. all apply

A

Which system would include neurons that trigger glands to secrete? a. autonomic motor system b. somatic motor system c. visceral sensory system d. somatic sensory system e. all apply

A

The spinal cord is part of the ____, while the cranial nerves are part of the ______. A. CNS, PNS B. PNS, CNS

A. CNS, PNS

What is the structural classification of a sensory neuron? a. unipolar b. Multipolar c. Bipolar

A. Unipolar

A sensory neuron's receptor is located a. at the distal end of its axon b. at the part of the dendrite closest to the soma c. where the soma meets the axon terminal d. where the axon enters the CNS

A. at the distal end of its axon

The motor division is also called the _____ system, and the sensory division is also called the ____ system. a. efferent; afferent b. afferent; efferent

A. efferent; afferent

when a neuron is at rest, there is more ____ on the inside of the cell than on the outside, and more ____ on the outside than on the inside a. potassium; sodium b. sodium/ potassium

A. potassium; sodium

An action potential begins with a a. stimulus b. depolarization c. re-polarization d. refractory period

A. stimulus

Action potentials are generated by ion movements through a. voltage-regulated gates b. leakage ion channels c. active ion pumps d. chemically regulated gates

A. voltage-regulated gates

A shallow groove on the surface of the cerebral cortex is called a a. gyrus b. sulcus c. ventricle d. lobe

B

A stimulus will open ion channels that will allow ___ to flow into the neuron, causing the inside to become _____ charged. a. sodium; negatively b. sodium; positively c. potassium; negatively d. potassium; positively

B

Activity in which system dilates the pupils of the eyes? a. parasympathetic nervous system b. sympathetic nervous system c. somatic nervous system d. all apply

B

Automatic, involuntary responses to a stimulus that involve the brain are a. cerebral reactions b. cranial reflexes c. ranges of motion d. electroencephalograms e. voluntary, ballistic movements

B

How are signals most commonly transmitted across a synapse? a. from dendrite to axon b. from axon terminal to dendrite c. from soma to dendrite d. from axon to axon

B

How many neurons are used to connect the central nervous system to an effector in most autonomic nervous system pathways? a. one b. two c. three d. four

B

Nerves are bundles of a. cell bodies b. axons c. dendrites d. cell bodies, dendrites, and axons

B

Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter used by the a. parasympathetic nervous system b. sympathetic nervous system c. both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

B

On which type of neuron does saltatory conduction occur? a. nonmyelinated neurons only b. myelinated neurons only c. both nonmyelinated and myelinated neurons

B

One of the ways an inhibitory neurotransmitter can work is by causing the post synaptic cell to a. open sodium gates and allow sodium entry b. open potassium gates and allow potassium exit c. open both sodium and calcium gates d. close chloride gates and prevent chloride exit

B

The autonomic system that gets the body ready for "Flight or flight" is the a. parasympathetic nervous system b. sympathetic nervous system c. somatic motor nervous system

B

The dural venous sinuses are found between a. the dura and pia maters b. layers of the dura mater c. the arachnoid and pia maters d. layers of the pia mater

B

The function of the slowest conducting axons is to transmit a. motor signals b. pain signals c. proprioceptive signals d. signals about light touch

B

During depolarization a. many potassium ions move outside the neuron b. sodium ions move inside the neuron c. electrons stream along the axon d. calcium ions move inside the neuron

B.

What is the structural classification of interneurons? a. Unipolar? b. Multipolar c. Bipolar

B. Multipolar

Which are components of the diencephalon? Choose all that apply. a) Brain Stem b) Pineal gland c) Thalamus d) Hypothalamus e) Pituitary gland

B. Pineal Gland C. Thalamus D. Hypothalamus

Which are functions of the autonomic nervous system? Choose all that apply. a.) controls skeletal muscles b.) controls actions of the internal organs c.) Controls secretions from glands

B. controls actions of the internal organs C. controls secretions from glands

Signals are sent by the nervous system to effectors. Which is an example of an effector? a. the hypthalamus b. smooth muscles in the walls of blood vessels c. merkel cells, touch receptors in the epidermis d. photoreceptors, light sensors in the eyes

B. merkel cells, touch receptors in the epidermis

What is the structural classification of a motor neuron? a. unipolar b. multipolar c. bipolar

B. multipolar

During repolarization a. chloride ions move outside the neuron b. sodium ions move inside the neuron c. potassium ions move outside the neuron d. electrons stop moving along the axon

C

Gray matter is composed mostly of a. tracts b. myelinated axons c. cell bodies and dendrites

C

Mixed nerves contain a. fibers from two different senses b. fibers controlling voluntary and involuntary actions c. both sensory and motor fibers d. both excitatory and inhibitory fibers

C

Oxygen deprivation at birth can lead to ____, a condition in which the limbs exhibit spastic weakness a. Parkinson's disease b. muscular dystrophy c. cerebral palsy d. atonia

C

The "jumping" of an action potential from one node of Ranvier to the next node is called a. point to point conduction b. refractory conduction c. saltatory conduction d. summary conduction

C

The endoneurium is found around a. fascicles b. muscle fibers c. individual axons d. cell bodies

C

The space between the arachnoid and pia maters that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid is the a. dural venous sinus b. subdural space c. subarachnoid space d. epidural space

C

What is the body's response of the knee-jerk reflex? a. contraction of the hamstring muscles b. contraction of the abdominal muscles c. contraction of the quadriceps femoris muscles d. contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle

C

What white matter structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres? a. longitudinal fissure b. lateral ventricles c. corpus callosum d. diencephalons

C

Which disease is due, in part, to reduced amounts of acetylcholine in the brain? a. Parkinson's disease b. Huntington's disease c. Alzheimer disease d. all apply

C

Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT correctly matched with its function? a. Glossopharyngeal - muscles for swallowing b. Vagus - sensory and motor for internal organs c. Hypoglossal - neck and back muscles d. Vestibulocochlear - hearing and balance

C

Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT correctly matched with its function? a. olfactory - smell b. oculomotor - eye movement c. abducens - feeling from the face d. trochlear - eye movement

C

Which of the following is NOT a function of the reticular formation? a. helps the cerebellum with muscle tone b. helps the medulla regulate respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure c. helps the hypothalamus regulate hunger and thirst d. helps the cerebrum with mental alertness and arousal form slep

C

Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the nervous system? a. brain mass decreases b. brain cells are lost c. mental abilities decrease d. neurological diseases increase in occurence

C

Which of the following is an action of the parasympathetic division of the ANS? a. speeds up the heart b. stimulates the liver to release glucose c. constricts bronchioles d. inhibits salvation

C

Which of the following is the correct layering of the meninges from superficial to deep? a. Dura mater; pia mater; arachnoid matter b. pia mater; dura mater; arachnoid matter c. dura mater; arachnoid mater, pia mater d. arachnoid matter; dura mater; pia mater

C

Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures in a reflex arc? a. effector, motor nerve, sensory nerve, interneuron, receptor b. sensory nerve, interneuron, receptor, motor nerve, effector c. receptor, sensory nerve, interneuron, motor nerve, effector d. receptor, effector, interneuron, sensory nerve, motor nerve

C

Which part of the brain stem has centers for control of breathing, heart rate, and vasoconstriction? a. Pons b. Midbrain c. Medulla oblongata d. hypothalamus

C

how can action potentials code for the intensity of a stimulus? a. a larger voltage change occurs during an action potential from a larger stimulus b. the speed of the action potential increases after a larger stimulus c. action potential frequency increases after a larger stimulus d. more sodium ions enter the axon after a larger stimulus

C

During an action potential, the membrane potential depolarizes all the way to ___ mV a. 0 b. -35 c. +35 d. -70

C. +35

What are nodes of Ranvier? a. Myelin sheaths around the axon b. A long process that carries electric signals in a neuron c. Gaps on axons in between myelin sheaths d. Dark-staining rough endoplasmic reticulum in neurons

C. Gaps on axons between myelin sheaths

An interneuron carries impulses a. to muscles and glands b. to the CNS c. always within the CNS d. always within the PNS

C. always within the CNS

Triggering the release of saliva when thinking of food is part of which nervous system function? a. sensory input b. integration c. motor output

C. motor output

Which of the following is NOT true of the resting membrane potential? a. potassium ions are concentrated inside the cell b. Sodium ions are concentrated outside the cell c. The membrane is freely permeable to sodium ions d. Large, negatively charged proteins are inside the cell

C. the membrane is freely permeable to sodium ions

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the a. dura mater b. pia mater c. ventricles d. choroid plexus

D

Small signals at a synapse that can add together are called a. receptor potentials b. action potentials c. resting potentials d. graded potentials e. kinetic potentials

D

The entrance of ___ into the presynaptic neuron triggers the release of a neurotransmitter a. sodium ions b. potassium ions c. electrons d. calcium ions

D

Which of the following are features of Alzheimer disease? a. Neurofibrillary tangles around cell bodies of neurons b. Buildup of amyloid plaques around axon branches c. reduced amount of acetylcholine d. all apply

D

Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT a purely sensory nerve? a. Vestibulocochlear b. Olfactory c. Optic d. Trochlear

D

Which of the following is NOT a lobe of the cerebrum? a. occipital lobe b. frontal lobe c. temporal lobe d. sphenoid lobe

D

Which of the following is a function of the sympathetic division of the ANS? a. inhibits tears b. decreases intestinal activity c. inhibits urination d. all apply

D

Which of the following peripheral nerves does NOT innervate the hands? a. Radial nerve b. Ulnar nerve c. Median nerve d. Musculocutaneous nerve

D

Which part of the nervous system exerts the most direct control on the endocrine system? a. cerebellum b. pons c. basal nuclei d. hypothalamus e. hippocampus

D

Which parts of the nervous system work together to provide much of the body's homeostasis? a. cerebrum and midbrain b. diencephalon and basal nuclei c. hippocampus and thalamus d. hypothalamus and brainstem

D

Which peripheral nerve serves the diaphragm? a. Radial b. Ulnar c. Musculocutaneous d. Phrenic

D

Which types of neurons are typically in a reflex arc? a. sensory neurons and interneurons b. Bipolar neurons and motor neurons c. sensory neurons, multipolar neurons, and interneurons d. sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons

D

In order for an action potential to occur; a certain membrane potential called the ___ must be reached. a. sodium-potassium pump b. depolarization c. hyperpolarization d. threshold

D.

The resting potential of a neuron is measured at a. + 70 millivolts b. +1.5 volts c. -45 millivolts d. -70 millivolts

D. -70 millivolts

Which effectors of the PNS are served by somatic motor nerves? a. cardiac muscle b. glands c. smooth muscle d. skeletal muscle

D. skeletal muscle

True/false - A very strong stimulus produces a larger action potential

False - Action potentials are all-or-none, and do not vary in size. A very strong stimulus does not increase the size of the action potential

True/False: Most interneurons are bipolar neurons

False - MULTI-POLAR

True/False: A receptor potential is a voltage change caused by the opening of a receptor at a synapse

False - a receptor potential is a graded potential in a sensory receptor cell

True/False: Hydrocephalus usually results from insufficient cerebrospinal fluid production

False - results form impaired drainage of cerebrospinal fluid

True/False: The afferent division of the peripheral nervous system carries motor fibers

False - the afferent division of the peripheral nervous system carries SENSORY fibers

True/False: The autonomic nervous system is in control of voluntary activities

False: Involuntary activities

Which area of the brain is most concerned with homeostasis?

Hypothalamus

Which part of the brain is the link between the nervous and endocrine systems?

Hypothalamus

A flash of light causes the eyes to send signals to the brain. A loud noise causes the ears to send signals to the brain. The brain receives these signals and "decides" to send signals to the legs to make the person run from this event. The decision to send signals to the legs is part of which nervous system function? a. sensory input b. integration c. motor output

Integration

True/False: An interneuron is also known as an association neuron

TRUE

Which of the of the following is NOT part of the brain stem? a. Pons b. Medulla oblongata c. Thalamus d. Midbrain

Thalamus

True/False: All spinal nerves are mixed nerves

True

True/False: As we age, the cerebral cortex significantly shrinks in size

True

True/False: Cranial nerve XI sends motor commands to muscles of the neck and shoulder

True

True/False: Damage to the reticular formation can result in coma

True

True/False: Neurotransmitters that open sodium-regulated gates are considered to be excitatory

True

True/False: The type of signal that is conducted down an axon is an action potential

True

True/false: The nervous and endocrine systems work closely together to maintain body functoins

True

True/False: It is generally possible to avoid a decline in cognitive function with aging

True - mental function can be maintained as we age.

Which part of a neuron carries impulse away from the cell body? a. axon b. dendrite c. nucleus d. neuroglia

a. Axon

Within the peripheral nervous system, the myelin sheath is formed by a. Schwann cells b. oligodendrocytes c. microglial cells d. astrocytes

a. Schwann cells

When a nerve is at its resting potential, the inside charge is a. negative b. positive c. neutral

a. negative

Which cell type sends electrical signals? a. neuron b. neuroglial cell c. microglia d. neurons and microglia

a. neuron

For a neuron at rest, the concentration gradient for sodium is such that there is a higher concentration of sodium a. inside the cell b. outside the cell

b. outside the cell

Masses of gray matter deep within the cerebrum that help integrate motor commands are the

basal nuclei

Which part of the brain works with the medulla oblongata to regulate respiration? a. reticular formation b. hippocampus c. Pons d. Midbrain

c

Which peripheral nerve serves the front of the thigh leg a. Sciatic b. Phrenic c. Femoral d. Intercostals

c

Which of the following contains the nucleus? a. axon b. dendrite c. cell body d. none apply

c. cell body

Which of the following INCORRECTLY lists the neuron part with its function? a. axon - sends signals away from the cell body b. cell body - stores the nucleus c. dendrite - stores most of the endoplasmic reticulum d. axon terminal - releases neurotransmitter when excited

c. dendrite - stores most of the endoplasmic reticulum

The interpretation of olfactory information would fall under which general function of the nervous system? a. sensory input b. motor output c. integration

c. integration

Within the central nervous system, the myelin sheath is produced from a. Schwann cells b. neurolemmocytes c. oligodendrocytes d. all apply

c. oligodendrocytes

Visceral sensory signals could be travelling from the a. knee b. rectus abdominis c. small intestine

c. small intestine

Which part of the brain is crucial for coordination, posture, balance, and motor learning? a. pineal body b. limbic system c. cingulate cortex d. cerebellum

d

The right side of the brain controls the ___ side of the body. The left side of the brain controls the ___ side of the body

left; right