Ch. 8 Toxicology
__________ is the most abused drug in the U.S.
Ethanol
T or F: Arsenic is more toxic than botulism.
False
T or F: The detoxification of alcohol from the body begins with most people after the first hour of consumption.
False
This is the combined effect of substances that exceeds the sum of their individual effects.
Synergism
Two poisons that cancel each other out.
Synergism
Forensic toxicology began in this century.
The 19th century
Why are heavy elements unstable?
To many neutrons in nucleus
__________ is the study of the adverse effects of chemical or physical agents on living organisms.
Toxicology
A __________ is a naturally produced substance that causes injury to the health of a living thing upon contact or absorption.
Toxin
T or F: All substances can be toxic depending on the dosage.
True
T or F: Gas chromatography is used to determine the alcohol content of blood.
True
T or F: The concentration of alcohol in breath is proportional to that in the blood.
True
Your rate of absorption depends on:
-Amount of alcohol consumed -The alcohol content of the beverage -Time taken to consume it -Quantity and type of food present in the stomach
The legal limit of blood alcohol for adults over 21 in the US is __________.
0.08
The breathalyzer was invented in the _________.
1950's
The earliest recorded use of poison was in this year.
339 B.C.
In the US, the percentage of traffic deaths that are alcohol related is __________.
40%
__________ toxicity occurs almost immediately after an exposure.
Acute
Poisoning by lead can cause __________ damage.
Brain damage
A bright red lividity indicates poisoning from this toxin.
Carbon monoxide poisoning
__________ toxicity is continuous exposure to toxins over a long period of time.
Chronic
A burnt almond odor coming from a body at the morgue would indicate poisoning from this toxin.
Cyanide poisoning
Alcohol is considered to be a __________.
Depressant
__________ Law is the concentration of alcohol in breath is proportional to that in the blood.
Henry's (Law)
When does alcohol start to detoxify alcohol?
Immediatley
The breathalyzers today use this technology __________.
Infrared spectrophotometry (IR Spec)
How poisonous is botulism?
It is the most deadly poison known
__________ kills at least 50% of the test population exposed to the substance.
Lethal dose (LD50)
__________ is considered to be the father of toxicology.
Mathieu Orfila
Single, transverse lines on fingersnails indicating a poisoning are called __________ lines.
Mees (lines)
Is Arsenic natural or synthetic?
Natural
Name two agencies that specifically deal with toxicology issues.
Possible answers: DOT (Department of Transportation) EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) FDA (Food and Drug Administration) OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
Name a basic field sobriety test.
Possibly answers : - HGN (Horizontal gaze nystagmus) - WAT (Nine-Step walk and turn) - OLS (One-leg stand)
Georgi Markov was assassinated by the use of this.
Ricin
