Ch 8B

Which joint in the figure is capable of multiaxial movement?

A Ball-and-socket joints, as found in the shoulder and hip, are capable of multiaxial movement in all three planes

Plane joints are the only type of synovial joint not featured in the Concept Map. Which of the following describes their range of motion?

A plane joint is non-axial and allows for gliding motion

Which joint moves only by a uniaxial movement around its own axis?

B The radioulnar joint is a pivot joint in which movement of the ulna is limited to rotation along its own long axis.

Which of the following is a hinge joint?

F Interphalangeal joints are hinge joints capable of uniaxial angular movement.

Hinge joints permit movement in only two planes.

False

Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements?

Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.

Which of the following is true about the shoulder joint?

The glenohumeral joint is more mobile, making it less stable The shoulder joint has the best mobility of all the joints in the body. However, the adaptations that make it mobile sacrifice strength to provide the mobility.

Moving a limb so that it describes a cone in space is called circumduction.

True

What is moving a limb away from the midline of the body along the frontal plane called?

abduction

Performing "jumping jacks" requires ________.

abduction and adduction

Which joints are correctly matched?

ankle; hinge

Which type of joint allows for movement of the bones in more than two axes?

ball and socket joints The structure of a ball-and-socket joint allows for a high degree of movement in all three planes of space and axes. Ball-and-socket joints allow for multiaxial movement

Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Identify a saddle joint of the skeleton.

carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

A ball-and-socket joint is capable of a complex movement that involves flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction performed in rapid succession called __________.

circumduction Circumduction is a complex movement in which the distal end of the limb moves in a circle while the other end of the limb is relatively stationary.

The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called ________.

cruciate ligaments

Pronation is a much stronger movement than supination.

false

Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of ________.

hyperextension

Which of the following are correctly paired?

multiaxial movement; movement in all three planes and around all three axes Multiaxial joints, such as the shoulder and hip, permit movement in all three planes and around all three axes.

The gliding motion of the wrist uses ________ joints.

plane

Pointing the toes is an example of ________.

plantar flexion

The cruciate ligaments of the knee ________.

prevent hyperextension of the knee

Which type of movement is unique to the forearm?

pronation Supination and pronation are unique to the forearm because of the arrangement of the radius and ulna. This allows rotation of our hand in space.

Moving your jaw forward, causing an underbite, is called ________.

protraction

Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are ________.

rare because of the ligament reinforcement

The type of joint between the carpal (trapezium) and the first metacarpal is a ________ joint.

saddle

Which joint has sacrificed stability to provide great freedom of movement?

shoulder In the shoulder joint, stability has been sacrificed to provide the most freely moving joint in the body. The articulating bones provide minimal joint stability because of the size and "fit" of the articulating surfaces. The major stabilizing forces are soft tissue, in particular the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles (via muscle tone).

Which statement about the knee is INCORRECT?

the deep cups created by the tibia; condyles help to stabilize the knee The tibial condyles are very shallow. The menisci actually help to deepen the socket and stabilize the knee

Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped?

the patellar ligament

A ball-and-socket joint is a multiaxial joint.

true

Supination is the movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned anteriorly or superiorly.

true

The gripping of the trochlea by the trochlear notch constitutes the "hinge" for the elbow joint.

true

Baseball pitchers often require "Tommy John" surgery to repair damage to their elbow. Which ligament would this surgery target?

ulnar collateral ligament

Which type of movement does NOT occur at the shoulder joint?

gliding Gliding occurs when two bones slide across one another, such as in the intercarpal joints.

Which of the following statements best describes angular movements?

They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.

Which of the following ligaments prevents the tibia from sliding forward in the knee joint?

anterior cruciate ligament The ACL prevents the tibia from sliding forward.

To realign an anteriorly dislocated Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), a physician must push the mandible inferiorly and posteriorly in order to move the mandibular condyle past the temporal bone's ________.

articular tubercle A tubercle is a round nodule or bumpy outgrowth from the main body of a bone. This tubercle forms the anterior boundary of the mandibular fossa.

The main reason the hip joint is stable is because of the __________.

deep socket of the joint and strong capsular ligaments The main contributors to hip-joint stability are the deep socket of the joint and the strong capsular ligaments. Joints that have shallow sockets, such as the shoulder and jaw (temporomandibular) joints, are relatively unstable and more easily dislocated.

Lifting up a glass to take a drink involves the elbow joint. Which of the following correctly characterizes that joint?

diarthrotic

Dislocations in the TMJ almost always dislocate posteriorly with the mandibular condyles ending up in the infratemporal fossa.

false

The only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae is flexion.

false

The wrist joint can exhibit adduction and eversion movements.

false

The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to the ________.

feet

Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include ________.

fibular and tibial collateral ligaments, which prevent lateral or medial rotation

Which movement decreases the angle between articulating bones?

flexion Flexion is a bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint and brings the articulating bones closer together.

If a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is not properly repaired, the consequences could include the inability to prevent ________.

forward sliding of the tibia on the femur The ACL extends from the anterior intercondylar notch of the femur to the anterior intercondylar eminence of the tibia. This ligament prevents the tibia from being pushed too far anterior relative to the femur.

The thumb joint indicated by D mediates which of the following special movements?

opposition Opposition is the movement that allows the touching of the thumb to the tip of each finger.

When you bring any of your fingers in contact with your thumb, this movement is called __________.

opposition The saddle joint between metacarpal I of the thumb and the trapezium allows a movement called opposition--the action taken when you touch your thumb to the tips of the other fingers on the same hand. It is opposition that makes the human hand such a fine tool for grasping and manipulating objects.

Which terms best describe the arm movements that occur when releasing a ball to roll across the floor, such as in bowling?

shoulder flexion and elbow extension As the arm is brought forward in anteriorly, this movement would be described as arm flexion. As the arm is straightened at the elbow to release the ball, the elbow is extended

Which joint allows a side-to-side movement called lateral excursion?

the temporomandibular joint The temporomandibular joint allows a side-to-side movement called lateral excursion. This is used to grind food on the molars.

Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. Which of the following is (are) damaged as a result?

tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament

Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion.

true

Movement at the hip joint does not have as wide a range of motion as at the shoulder joint.

true

Despite having an actual articulation with the humerus, the hinge-like action at the elbow is NOT dependent on the radius.

true The radius articulates with the humerus at the capitulum. However, the humeroulnar joint is responsible for the hinge-like flexion and extension at the elbow. The radius slides over the ulna, creating pronation and supination in the forearm.