CH 9, 10

Democracy in America was written by:

Alexis de Tocqueville.

Which was not an attribute of Alexis de Tocqueville's vision of democracy?

All Americans over age 21 ought to, Tocqueville wrote, have the right to vote.

Which of the following was not a paradoxical feature of Andrew Jackson's public career?

Although suspicious of creditors and paper money, he was a leading defender of the Bank of the United States.

Which of the following was not a mounting source of concern over the effects of the market revolution?

America's failure to attract many newcomers from Europe

Which of the following was not a key difference between traditional artisan production and the new factory system?

Artisans generally labored under closer supervision than did factory workers.

Which of the following was not a feature of westward expansion during the early to mid-1800s?

Cities had no significant presence in the expanding West.

he court case in which it was held that workers' unions are not illegal was:

Commonwealth v. Hunt.

Andrew Jackson was the standard-bearer for which political party?

Democrats

A significant theme of the Monroe Doctrine was that:

European powers should refrain from further colonization in the Americas.

All of the states that entered the Union after the original thirteen made property ownership a requirement of voting, at least for a time.

False

Andrew Jackson and his supporters publicly argued that the Presidential Election of 1824 had been determined in his favor by a "corrupt bargain" between some of the participants.

False

Andrew Jackson appealed to the changing voting pool because he represented those that came from generations of wealth and supported a strong federal government-controlled nation.

False

As a consequence of the expansive growth in the U.S. economy associated with the market revolution, skilled free black workers found their status and incomes rising.

False

As working-class whites gained equal rights in the political arena, they grew increasingly critical of racial inequality.

False

Both John C. Calhoun and Andrew Jackson believed in states' rights to nullify federal law.

False

By the 1840s, most working people outside the South toiled in large factories.

False

Cotton gin was a beverage invented by Eli Whitney.

False

Despite his reputation for stubbornness, President Jackson proved timid and conciliatory during the Nullification Crisis and the Bank War.

False

During James Madison's presidential terms, two-party political competition completely disappeared.

False

Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin improved the lives of millions of African-Americans.

False

Free blacks gained the right to vote in every state in the Union after 1800.

False

From the 1830s to the 1850s, Americans were largely a sedentary lot who lived out their lives in the locale in which they were born.

False

In Commonwealth v. Hunt, Massachusetts chief justice Lemuel Shaw decreed that there was nothing inherently illegal in workers organizing a union or a strike.

False

In the election of 1824, John Quincy Adams won the popular vote, but lost the electoral vote.

False

President Andrew Jackson's inauguration was a quiet affair in which a small group of close-knit friends of the new president met at the White House for a solemn, elite dinner.

False

Ralph Waldo Emerson was the author of Walden.

False

The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was renounced by President Jackson.

False

The Supreme Court did little to promote the entrepreneurial agenda of the market revolution.

False

The charter for the Bank of the United States was renewed in 1811.

False

The distribution of wealth was fairly even in the nineteenth-century United States.

False

The election of 1824 resulted in Andrew Jackson being elected president that year.

False

With the Second Great Awakening, American Christianity became more hierarchical and out of touch with the common folk.

False

Which was not an aspect of women's changing role in the context of the expansive and dynamic growth of the market economy in nineteenth-century America?

In the new, competitive, capitalist marketplace, women were to grow increasingly into captains of industry, becoming leaders of some of the nation's most important industries.

Which of the following was not a trend in American democracy during the 1820s and 1830s?

Ironically, as the number of eligible voters rose, voter turnout in elections declined.

Which was not an element of the Second Great Awakening?

It emphasized predestination and the importance of each soul as being in the hands of an angry God.

In the period between 1820 and 1840, what two states combined saw the biggest spread (increase) in cotton cultivation?

Louisiana and Mississippi

Which is not an element of Chief Justice John Marshall's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?

Marshall found that contracts between states and private citizens could not be abridged.

The portion of President James Monroe's 1823 annual message to Congress that asserted that the United States would oppose further efforts at colonization by European powers in the Americas, that the United States would stay out of European wars, and that European powers were not to interfere with the newly independent Latin American states is called the:

Monroe Doctrine.

American industrialization first took off in:

New England.

What was Andrew Jackson's nickname?

Old Hickory

Which of the following was not a significant development during the decade following Jackson's presidency?

President Van Buren shifted vast amounts of federal funds to state banks.

America's first successful factory was established in 1790 by:

Samuel Slater at Pawtucket, Rhode Island.

Which of the following questions was not a key focus of political controversy during the Jackson years?

Should women have the right to vote?

Which was not an innovation associated with the market revolution of the first half of the nineteenth century?

Telephones

Which of the following was not a key difference between the Democrats and the Whigs during the Jackson years?

The Democrats were united in opposition to paper money; the Whigs were united in support of it.

Which was not part of the Missouri Compromise of 1820?

The children of slaves already in Missouri were to be freed at age twenty-five.

Which was not an element in the 1841 Dorr War?

The war's bloodshed led to the deaths of more than 246 people, and to Dorr's execution.

Which was not a way women became increasingly active in the public sphere during the early nineteenth century?

They exercised the suffrage after 1807.

According to Martin Van Buren, political parties could serve to check the power of officeholders, counteract sectional divisions, and provide voters with genuine alternatives.

True

Although denied the ballot, women found a voice in the public sphere during the 1820s and 1830s.

True

America was a much less highly stratified society than Europe.

True

America's early factories drew largely upon the labor of women and children.

True

As a boy, Andrew Jackson had almost been killed when, during the War for Independence, a British officer struck him with his sword after the boy refused to polish the soldier's boots.

True

Between Democrats and Whigs, the Democrats found greater support among Catholic immigrants, subsistence farmers, and urban workers; the Whigs found greater support among wealthy landowners, well-connected businessmen, and Evangelical Protestants.

True

Culturally speaking, in the United States the right to vote is tantamount to being a citizen.

True

During the 1820s and 1830s, an emergent labor movement began voicing concerns about harsh working conditions, economic insecurity, and growing inequalities of wealth.

True

Expanding networks of toll roads, steamboats, canals, and railroads were essential to the takeoff of the market revolution.

True

For the expanding middle class, it became a badge of respectability for wives to remain at home.

True

Free blacks were largely denied access to the material opportunities generated by the market revolution.

True

Henry David Thoreau held the view that people were being stifled by modern society, and trapped in boring, dead-end jobs by their obsessive desire to earn money.

True

In Thoreau's view, the market revolution degraded both people's values and the natural environment.

True

In the nineteenth century, a married woman could not legally sign independent contracts; she could not sue someone in court in her own name; and not until after the Civil War could she, not her husband, control the wages she earned.

True

In the nineteenth century, barred from schools and other facilities, free black Americans constructed their own institutional life, centered on churches, educational, and mutual aid societies.

True

Industrialization, a key element in the dynamic and expansive growth of the market economy, was most notable in the northeastern United States.

True

Martin Van Buren's presidency, to a large degree, was occupied in dealing with issues arising from the Panic of 1837.

True

Millions of Americans' lives were improved by the nineteenth-century market revolution.

True

Often, political cartoons criticizing Andrew Jackson illustrated him as a king.

True

President Jackson's critics called him "King Andrew."

True

Some women served as preachers in the African Methodist Episcopal Church.

True

The 1828 "tariff of abominations" led to the Nullification Crisis.

True

The 1836 Specie Circular declared that the federal government would accept only specie (gold and silver) in payment for public land.

True

The Dorr War revolved around the issue of whether propertyless white men should have the right to vote.

True

The Panic of 1819 left many Americans uneasy about the market revolution.

True

The common nineteenth-century view was that men are naturally aggressive, rational, and domineering, while women are naturally nurturing, selfless, and ruled by emotions.

True

The election of 1824 injured Henry Clay's political career.

True

The largest group of immigrants to the United States during the 1840s and 1850s came from Ireland, which was then in the throes of the great potato famine.

True

The leading theorist of nullification and states' rights by 1831 was the vice president of the United States.

True

The market revolution in the nineteenth-century United States produced dynamic and expansive growth in the nation's output and in trade, and a rising standard of living for millions of Americans.

True

The market revolution swept over the United States in the first half of the nineteenth century.

True

The proper chronological order for presidents from 1817 forward is: Monroe, J. Q. Adams, Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison, and Tyler.

True

The rise of the corporation was crucial to the success of the market economy.

True

The second Bank of the United States held all the funds of the federal government.

True

There was a rapid decline in the birthrate during the course of the nineteenth century, such that from an average of seven children per family, by 1900 women on average had four children.

True

With the market revolution, the artisanal workshop gave way to relentless pressure for greater output and lower wages.

True

Workingmen formed political parties in the late 1820s and among the goals of these ephemeral political parties were free public education, an end to imprisonment for debt, and a ten-hour workday.

True

What political party was organized to oppose President Jackson?

Whigs

Which of the following was not a significant trend in American thought during the market revolution?

a belief that one's spiritual salvation was purely a matter of chance

Which of the following did Andrew Jackson believe was associated with the outcome of the election of 1824?

a corrupt bargain

Which of the following destroyed Henry David Thoreau's commune with nature?

a train

Ralph Waldo Emerson was which of the following?

a transcendentalist

A significant element of the American System was:

all of the above.

For Ralph Waldo Emerson, freedom was:

an open-ended process of self-realization by which individuals could remake themselves.

Which of the following was not an innate characteristic of women, according to the "cult of domesticity"?

analytical insight

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?

announcement of American System program; Missouri controversy; "Tariff of Abominations"; veto of Second Bank recharter

How much of the adult white male population in the United States could vote by 1840?

approximately 90 percent

What 1793 invention spurred the rise of the Cotton Kingdom and fueled demand for slaves?

cotton gin

"Slave coffles . . . became a common sight." Define "coffles."

groups chained to one another

The Second Great Awakening was:

popular religious revival that swept the country in the early 1800s.

By 1860, most states had eliminated ____________ from their voting requirements.

property restrictions

Chicago's spectacular growth between 1830 and 1860 was principally due to:

railroads.

What effect did the Embargo of 1807 have on manufacturing in the United States?

stimulated its growth

President James Madison favored a system of national economic incentives for manufacturers, a protective tariff, a new national bank, and federal financing of roads and canals that came to be known as:

the American System.

McCulloch v. Maryland ruled that:

the Bank of the United States was constitutionally legal.

Of the following projects, New York City's commercial ascent was owed chiefly to:

the Erie Canal.

The 1825 completion of the 363-mile Erie Canal connected:

the Great Lakes with New York City.

Which of the following was a factor in the split between Andrew Jackson and John Calhoun?

the Nullification Crisis

Which of the following was a factor in the split between Andrew Jackson and John Calhoun?

the Peggy Eaton situation

"Manifest destiny" was:

the belief that the United States had a God-given mission to expand westward.

The Panic of 1819 was caused by:

the land bubble burst and its ensuing economic panic.

During the first half of the 1800s, the U.S. economy experienced explosive growth in output and trade, and a rise in the standard of living for millions of Americans. This dynamic and expansive growth was, in part, a consequence of the rise of factories, a transportation revolution via canal and rail, a communications revolution spurred by invention of the telegraph, increasing agricultural yields and the mechanization of farm equipment, a rising prosperity for financial institutions, and larger cities. Historians call this new economy:

the market revolution or market economy.

Which was not an aspect of the pageantry surrounding elections in nineteenth-century American democracy?

the secret ballot

Giving a political office to someone based on party service is called:

the spoils system.

Define "suffrage" as used in the sentence, "Suffrage was the 'the first mark of liberty, the only true badge of the freeman.' "

the vote

When Thomas Jefferson wrote, "This momentous question, like a fire bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror," he was referring to:

the westward expansion of slavery.

The "Era of Good Feelings" was so-called because:

they were years of one-party government.

The "American system of manufactures":

was the mass production of interchangeable parts into rapidly built, standardized products.

Early New England textile mills relied largely on the labor of:

women and children.

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?

work begun on National Road; steamboat introduced on Mississippi River; work begun on Erie Canal; work begun on Baltimore and Ohio Railroad