CH 9 LEARNSMART AUTONOMY

The development of cognitive autonomy mainly entails changes in the adolescent's ______. (Select all that apply.)

values beliefs opinions

What proportion of American adolescents say formal religious participation is an important part of their lives?

50%

What proportion of American adolescents report an affiliation with a religious group?

85%

Which of the following is an indicator of emotional autonomy?

Adolescents depend less on their parents to fix their problems.

Which of the following are signs of emotional autonomy?

Adolescents may be more attached to a girlfriend or boyfriend than their parents. Adolescents are able to interact with their parents as people. Older adolescents no longer run to their parents when they are upset.

Which of the following are indicators of emotional autonomy?

Adolescents see their parents' flaws. There is a drop in the number of friends that the parents know.

Which of the following statements about parent-child relationships in adolescence is true?

Adolescents who become emotionally autonomous but feel distant from their parents score poorly on measures of psychological adjustment.

Which of the following is a trend in the development of adolescent cognitive autonomy?

Adolescents' beliefs become centered in their own values.

The ___parenting style is most beneficial to the development of healthy behavioral autonomy.

Authoritative

Which of the following parenting styles is most beneficial to the development of healthy behavioral autonomy?

Authoritative

Which of the following parenting styles is most effective for supporting emotional autonomy in adolescence?

Authoritative

Which of the following adolescents is most likely to attend church regularly and to state that religion is important?

Barry, who is 13

Sex differences in the extent to which adolescents are granted independence appear to be especially pronounced within ______ households.

Black

Which of the following is developed in adolescence and allows adolescents to see how others' perspectives influence their decision-making?

Capacity for intellectual abstraction

Which of the following statements illustrates de-idealization in adolescence?

Children place their parents on a pedestal, whereas adolescents knock their parents off of the pedestal.

Considering adolescents' decision-making abilities, which typically matures first?

Cognitive abilities

(Preconventional/Conventional/Postconventional) moral reasoning focuses on how an individual's behavior will be judged by others.

Conventional

What is the process through which adolescents sever emotional attachments to their parents or other authority figures?

Detachment

Which of the following characterize an autonomous adolescent? (Select all that apply.)

Enjoyment of activities with their parents Few conflicts with parents Turning to parents for advice

Which of the following describe authoritative families who are best suited to the healthy development of emotional autonomy? (Select all that apply.)

Flexible standards and guidelines Open discussion that takes place between parents and adolescent Well-explained rules

Recall three shifts that take place with political thinking during adolescence.

Increasing use of principles Increasing abstraction Decreasing authoritarianism

Which of the following are characteristics of adolescents who function at a higher level of moral reasoning?

More likely to volunteer their time Less likely to cheat More likely to engage in political protests

Which of the following is characteristic of adolescents who function at a higher level of moral reasoning?

More tolerant

Psychological control involves which of the following behaviors?

Overprotectiveness Intrusiveness

Which of the following types of reasoning is develops last among adolescents?

Postconventional

Which of the following is an example of a prosocial behavior?

Raking leaves for a widow

Rebecca's parents are permissive in nature whereas Rhonda's parents are more authoritative. (Rebecca/Rhonda) is more likely to develop a healthy behavioral autonomy.

Rhonda

Which of the following characterizes an autonomous adolescent?

Seeking parents' advice

What three main categories undergo changes that affect the development of adolescent autonomy?

Social Cognitive Biological

______ is/are a time when many individuals reexamine and reevaluate the beliefs and values they grew up with.

The early college years

In terms of decision-making abilities, which of the following are characteristic of adolescents? (Select all that apply.)

They are more likely than adults to focus on the immediate consequences. They are less likely than adults to think about the long-term implications of their decisions. They are less able than adults to understand the ways in which other people's positions might bias their interests.

Which of the following are true of the cognitive changes of adolescence?

They provide the logical foundation for thinking about social problems. They help adolescents develop a personal system of values.

Troy is 13 years old and his brother Thom is 17 years old. Which of the following is true about Troy and Thom?

Troy is more likely than Thom to be drawn to immediate rewards.

For which of the following would adolescents most likely turn to their parents for advice?

Values Religious beliefs Occupation

Teenagers who engage in more prosocial behavior are more likely to ______.

be more sympathetic and empathic

The capacity to make independent decisions and to follow through with them is ______ autonomy.

behavioral

Religious adolescents are ______ compared to their peers. (Select all that apply.)

better adjusted less depressed less likely to have premarital sex

Campaigning for a gubernatorial candidate is an example of ______.

civic engagement

___ ___ is a broad term for a category of activities that reflect involvement in political and community affairs.

civic engagement

The development of religious thinking during late adolescence is best understood as part of the overall development of ___ autonomy.

cognitive

The establishment of an independent set of values, opinions, and beliefs is called ______ autonomy.

cognitive

No longer viewing your parents as perfect individuals is known as

de-idealization

There is strong support among adolescents for fundamental ______, such as representation and majority rule.

democratic principles

The process of adolescents emotionally separating themselves from their parents and instead turning their emotional energy toward their peers is known as ___

detachment

The process of adolescents emotionally separating themselves from their parents and instead turning their emotional energy toward their peers is known as ___.

detachment

Proponents of mandatory community service for all students argue that service activities help young people to ______.

develop concern for the community

One explanation about young adolescents' susceptibility to peer pressure is that it ______.

doesn't change

An adolescent who can sympathize when her mother has a bad day at work is demonstrating ______ autonomy.

emotional

Puberty drives the adolescent away from exclusive emotional dependence on ______.

family

Puberty drives the adolescent toward dependence on ______ for emotional support.

friends

Adolescents whose parents have failed to provide sufficient ______ are likely to become psychologically dependent on their friends.

guidance

One explanation as to why young adolescents are more susceptible to peer influence is because of their ______.

heightened orientation toward social stimuli

Teenagers who are better able to stand up to their friends are better able to control the ______.

impulsive, emotional decision making that often occurs in the peer group

During (early/middle/late) adolescence, adolescents often develop a roughly coherent and consistent set of attitudes.

late

Adolescents are (less/more) likely than adults to think about the long-term implications of their decisions.

less

Religious adolescents are ______ compared to their peers. (Select all that apply.)

less likely to use drugs less likely to engage in delinquency

Political thinking during adolescence becomes (more/less) authoritarian and (more/less) rigid.

less; less

The tendency to justify one's own bad acts is called ______.

moral disengagement

The tendency to rationalize immoral behavior as legitimate is called ___ ___.

moral disengagement

Adolescents from single-parent families would likely be (less/more) susceptible to peer pressure than their peers who live with both parents.

more

Higher rates of delinquency are found among (more/less) acculturated adolescents.

more

With age, adolescents are (more/less) likely to consider both the risks and benefits associated with the deicions that they make.

more

Political thinking during adolescence becomes ______.

more independent

Permissively reared teenagers often turn to their (parents/peers/siblings) for advice and emotional support.

peers

For short-term matters, adolescents are more likely to conform to the opinions of their (parents/peers) whereas for long-term issues they are more likely to conform to the opinions of their (parents/peers).

peers; parents

Acts people engage in to help others are termed ___ behaviors.

prosocial

Amber's mom is overcontrolling to the point of trying to control Amber's emotions. Amber's mom is exerting ______ control.

psychological

Parenting that attempts to control the adolescent's emotions and opinions is termed ___ ___

psychological control

The religious practices one engages in are called ______.

religiosity

Across many different cultural contexts, one of the most robust predictors of success in life is strong ______.

self-regulation

Brain research on neural influences on peer pressure indicate that the development of ______ is a key aspect of positive development in adolescence.

self-regulation

Volunteering in community service activities is also called ______ learning.

service

Sex and birth order differences in behavioral autonomy tend to be very (large/small)

small

Biological, cognitive, and ___ changes are the primary types of changes that affect the development of adolescent autonomy.

social

One's personal quest for answers to questions about God and the meaning of life is ___.

spirituality

Service learning is the act of learning ______.

through volunteering in community service activities

True or false: Critics of mandatory community service argue that it may make adolescents even more negative about community service and less likely to volunteer when they are older.

true

True or false: Some of the heightened "reward sensitivity" seen among adolescents is not even conscious.

true

Marcus is 15 years old. As he moves into late adolescence and early adulthood, he will view lying to his parents as ______.

unacceptable

Adolescents who have ______ score higher on measures of moral reasoning than those who have not.

volunteered considerable amounts of time in service activities