ch-9 Production and Operations Management
what are the steps in PERT
1. analyzing and sequencing tasks that need to be done 2. estimating the time needed to complete each task 3. drawing a PERT network illustrating the information from steps 1 & 2 4. identifying the critical path
continuous process
a production process in which long production runs turn out finished goods over time
lean manufacturing
the production of goods using less of everything compared to mass production
assembly-line layout
workers do only a few tasks at a time; used to produce large quantities of few products
telecommuting
working arm home via computer and modem
Gantt chart
Bar graph showing production managers what projects are being worked on and what stage they are in at any given time
CAD+CAM=
CIM
standards bodies
ISO is not part of the government, but is a federation of international what?
deming cycle
Plan, Do, Check, Act (statistical process control)
computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)
The uniting of computer-aided design with computer-aided manufacturing.
fixed-position layout
allows workers to congregate around the product to be completed, scheduling work operations at site of end product as in home building
quality
consistently producing what the customer wants while reducing errors before and after delivery to the customer
critical path
in a PERT network , the sequence of tasks that takes the longest time to complete
The production process consist of:
inputs-throughputs-outputs
false
iso is a government body
a limited variety of products
mass production focuses on producing
interfirm
process in which companies work closely together to design, produce, and ship products to customers
process layout
similar equipment and functions are grouped together; serving different customers with different needs
mass customization
tailoring products to meet the needs of a large number of individual customers
modular layout
teams of workers combine to produce more complex units of the final product; can accommodate changes in design or demand
computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
the use of computers in the manufacturing of products
customer satisfaction
what is the goal of an operations manager in the service industry?
routing
which of the following is an aspect of production control
what are the developments that have made U.S. companies more competitive:
1. computer-aided design and manufacturing 2. flexible manufacturing 3. lean manufacturing 4. mass customization 5. robotics 6. 3D printing
ISO 14001
a collection of the best practices for managing an organization's impact on the environment
material requirement planning (MRP)
a computer-based operations management system that uses sales forecasts to make sure needed parts and materials are available at the right time and place
program evaluation and review technique (PERT)
a method for analyzing the tasks involved in completing a given project, estimating the time needed to complete each task, and identifying the minimum time needed to complete the total project
enterprise resource planning (ERP)
a newer version of materials requirement planning that combines the computerized function of all the divisions and subsidiaries of the firm - such as finance, Human Resources, and order fulfillment - into a single integrated software program that uses a single database
just-in-time (JIT) inventory control
a production process in which a minimum of inventory is kept on the premises and parts, supplies and other needs are delivered just in time to go on the assembly line
intermittent process
a production process in which the production run is short and the machines are changed frequently to make different products
six sigma quality
a quality measure that allows only 3.4 defects per million opportunities (.0000008)
operations management
a specialized area in management that converts or transforms resources, including Human Resources like technical skills and innovation, into goods and services
flexible manufacturing
designing machines to do multiple tasks so that they can produce a variety of products
production management
the activities that help firms create goods
ISO 9001
the common name given to quality management and assurance standards; the EU demands this in order to do business
production
the creation of finished goods and services using the factors of production: land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship, and knowledge
purchasing
the function in a firm that searches for quality material resources, finds the best suppliers, and negotiates the best price for goods and services
assembly process
the part of production process that puts together components
process manufacturing
the part of the production process that physically or chemically changes materials
facility layout
the physical arrangement of resources (including people) in the production process
facility location
the process of selecting a geographic location for a company's operations
statistical process control (SPC)
the process of taking statistical samples of product components at each stage of the production process and plotting those results on a graph. Any variances from quality standards are recognized and can be corrected if beyond the set standards
statistical quality control (SQC)
the process some managers use to continually monitor all phases of the production process to ensure that quality is being built into the product form the beginning
computer-aided design (CAD)
the use of computers to aid in the development of products
form utility
the value producers add to materials in the creation of finished goods and services
time-to-market decision
these decisions involve moving products quickly to customers at the lowest cost
service facility layout
this would be used in a hospital, usually designed to increase efficiency
