CH.11 INTERIOR CONSTRUCTION

doorstops and bumpers

>A method of keeping a door from damaging adjacent construction >Small metal fabrications with rubber bumpers attached >Metal doorframes also use silencers, which are small pads of rubber mounted on the doorstop to cushion the door when it is closed

Keene's cement

>A plaster that has a high resistance to abrasion and water penetration >Used in wet areas or on walls subject to scratching or other abuse >Portland cement plaster must be used as the base coat for Keene's cement or as a backing for tile walls

Fire-rated partition

>All opening (doors, glazing, ducts, louvers), in that partition must also be fire-rated

Offset pivots

>Allow the door to swing 180 degrees, if required. Pivots can be used along or as part of a closer assembly

Center-hung pivots

>Allow the door to swing in either direction and are completely concealed >Cannot be used with a door stop on the same side of the door on both jambs >This makes it difficult to seal the door against sound or light transmission on the hinge and strike sides, although a strip of wool pile or synthetic stripping can be rabbeted into the edges of the door

Bi-folding doors

>Also used for closets >Unlike bypass sliding doors, which can only open half of a doorway, this allows full access

Fire rated door seasl

>required on fire doors to prevent both smoke and drafts from passing through >They are similar to light and sound seals but have been tested by an approved laboratory and certified for use on fire doors >They are used on the head and jamb sections

3 most common types of metal doors:

1) Flush: Have a single smooth surface on both sides 2) Sash: Contain one or more glass lights 3) Louvered: have an opening with metal slats to provide ventilation

Electrochromic glazing

>A general term for a type of glazing that changes from either a dark tint or milky white opaque to transparent with the application of an electric current >When current is turned off the glass either darkens or turns white (depending on glazing type) >There are 3 distinct types: all 3 depend on application of a low electric current to keep them clear: SPD & Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film >Uses an inorganic ceramic thin-film coating on glass and can be manufactured to range from transparent to heavily darkened (tinted) >It is never opaque, so it can't be used for privacy glass >It is intended for control of light, ultraviolet energy, and solar heat gain >Amount of tinting is not just an on or off condition; it can be controlled with a simple rheostat switch >Offer potential for significant energy savings in the range of 20-30%

Hardware finishes

>5 basic metals: steel, stainless steel, bronze, brass, aluminum >Fire rated doors must have steel or stainless steel hinges

Masonry

>A general term that includes brick, concrete block, glass block, structural clay tile, terra-cotta, and gypsum block

Two common types of plaster construction:

1) Traditional method using metal lath that is attached to wood or metal studs and serves as the base for the plaster. Metal lath is available in several types: expanded diamond mesh, paper, backed diamond mesh, flat-rib lath, high-rib lath. First coat of plaster called the scratch coat (1/4"-1/2") is applied to metal lath and runs between and partially around the lath, firmly keying the plaster to the lath. In standard plastering, the scratch coat is followed by the brown coat (1/4" thk), which is used to level the surface. The finish provides final levelling (1/8" thk) and the desired texture to the surface. Two coat work combines the scratch and brown coats. 2) Use gypsum board lath specifically designed for plastering. Gypsum lath is available in 16"x48" boards, applied horizontally to studs, or as 48" x 96" sheets. One or two coats of thin veneer plaster are applied over the boards. Veneer plastering reduces labor because only one coat is needed, but it still retains some of the advantages of plaster: hard durable surface that can be finished with a variety of textures -Like gypsum wall board, edges of plaster must be finished with trim to provide a termination point for the work and serves as a screed to give the plasterers guides for maintaining the required thickness -Generally, gypsum wallboard systems have largely supplanted lath and plaster work because of their lower cost and faster construction sequence -However, plaster is still used here curved shapes are required and where a hard, abrasion-resistant surface is needed -Plaster also used as a base for ceramic tile in areas subject to continual dampness, like public showers/steam rooms -Ornamental plaster casting and plaster moulding are also used in restoration work

Steel studs

>1 5/8", 2 1/2", 3 5/8", 4", 6" >Used for commercial construction because it is noncombustible and easier to install >Standard studs are very lightweight, but heavier gauges are available for high partitions or where other structural considerations are important >Spaced 16" (residential) or 24" (commercial) on center

Most common used size stud:

>2 1/2", sufficient for normal ceiling heights and slab to slab partitions, and allows enough room for electrical boxes and small pipes

What size studs are common for residential construction?

>2"x4" and 2"x6"

Gypsum wallboard sizes

>4'x 8', 10', 12', and 14' Typically >One manufacturer makes a 4'-6" wide to reduce number of joints when finishing a 9'-0"ceiling when placed horizontally >Typical thicknesses: 1/4" to 5/8" >1/4" for forming curved surfaces, and providing new finishes over old wall and ceiling surfaces >3/8" used in some double layer applications or when wall board is applied over other finished walls in remodelling work >Double layer for additional fire resistance or extra acoustical control between rooms >1/2" in residential and some commercial applications i.e. furred walls >5/8" typical for commercial >Type X 5/8" for commercial: 1 hr rating >Special 3/4" thk: 2 hour fire rating >Special 1" thk used for shaft enclosures is manufactured in 2'-0" widths

Aluminum doors and frames

>Aluminum is commonly used as stile and rail material for glass doors and as doorframe material for both aluminum glass doors and wood doors >Few manufacturers also offer flush, sash, and louvered doors faced with aluminum >Frames are most commonly used in interior construction to frame wood doors when a lightweight, easily assembled frame is required >also used in many demountable partition systems or when a complex frame profile is required

Fire-rated glazing

>Aside from wire glass, there are 4 additional types of glazing that can be used in fire-rated openings 1) A clear ceramic glass 2) Special tempered fire-protective glass 3) 2 or 3 layers of tempered glass with a clear polymer gel between them 4) glazing is glass block

Swinging door

>Attached to its frame with hinges/pivots >Easy to install and can accommodate high traffic volume >Only type acceptable as a required exit door

Metal Doors

>Available in steel, stainless steel, aluminum, and bronze >Most common material is steel with a painted finish >Steel doors are constructed with faces of cold-rolled sheet steel (16-guage is most often;18-guage used for light-duty doors) >The Steel face is attached to cores of honeycomb kraft paper, steel ribs, hardboard, or other materials >The edges are made of steel channels, with the locations for hardware reinforced with heavier guage steel >Mineral wool/other materials are used to provide sound-deadening qualities, if required >Standard widths: 2'-0", 2'-4", 2'-6", 2'-8", 3'-0", 3'-4",. 3'-6", 3'-8", 4'-0" etc. >Standard heights: 6'-8", 7'-0". 8'-0" >Standard thickness: 1 3/4" >Steel doorframes: used for steel doors/wood doors >Frames: sheet steel bent into shape required for door installation >Frames: Where a fire rating over 20 minutes is required, steel frames are used almost exclusively

Interior glass

>Can be set in wood or metal frames >When glass is framed conventionally, glazing beads are used to hold the glass in place >Glass can also be set in small channel/angle frames at the top/bottom and simply butt-joined on the sides >The gap between adjacent pieces of glass may be left open or filled with silicone sealant >in addition to wood/metal doors with glass panels, solid glass doors are available: These are tempered glass (1/2" or 3/4") thick, with top and bottom metal rails and some type of door pull >There are no vertical framing members on either side of the door >Metal rails allow the door to be set on pivots in the floor and above the door and provide a place for a cylinder lock

Partition systems

>Can either be progressive or nonprogressive

Protected opening

>Considered an opening assembly because it includes all components, but in the case of doors, it is usually referred to as simply a fire-rated door, or in the IBC a "Fire door assembly"

Demountable partition components

>Consist of a system of individual components that can be quickly assembled,disassembled, and reused with nearly total salvageability >Differ from operable partitions in that they are intended to remain in place as standard partitions, while operable partitions act as special doors to open and close a space frequently >Allow space to be reconfigured quickly and easily as needs change >Because components are prefinished and can be rearranged/combined with other components (doors, glazing panels) without messy demolition and damage etc >Can make initial construction faster because flooring, ceilings, lighting, and mechanical work can be completed first and the partitions can be installed later >Have higher initial costs than standard partition construction, life-cycle costs are lower because of the savings in material and labor costs in offices where space plans are changed frequently

Gypsum wallboard

>Consists of a gypsum core sandwiched between heavy paper/other materials >Factory formed into standard size sheets ready for dry application onto framing >Advantages: low installed cost, quick and easy installation, fire resistance, sound control capability, easy availabilitiy, versatility (for a variety of uses), easy of finishings and decorating, ease of installation of doors and other openings

>Laminated glass

>Consists of two or more layers of glass bonded together by an interlayer of polyvinyl butyral (PVB interlayer) >Glass can be tinted float glass or clear, tempered glass, or heat-strengthened glass >When exceptional impact or ballistic resistance is required, heat-strengthened glass can enclose one or more layers of polycarbonate laminated with interlayers of polyvinyl butyrl r polyurethane >Polycarbonates are thermoplastic resins that are dimensionally stable and have high impact strength >Traditionally, laminated glass used for interior applications have been clear >When laminated glass is broken, the interlayer holds the pieces together even though the glass may be severly cracked >Laminated glass fabbricated with tempered glass or polycarbonate is used where very strong glazing is required >Float glass/temepered glass can be used where acoustical control is needed >It can be bullet resistant and provides high security against breakage >Excellent where high strength or acoustical control is required >Qualifies for safety glazing and can be cut in the field >However, its impact resistance is low unless tempered or heat-strengthened is used

Glass doors

>Constructed of 1/2" or 3/4" tempered glass and have fittings and operating hardware as required by the installation >Common door sizes: 7'-0"

Panel doors

>Constructed of solid pieces of wood that frame various types of panels >Can be traditional raised panel style or simple flat panels

Fire-rated door

>Defined as a door assembly that has been tested by an independent laboratory to determine that it is capable of withstanding a measured temperature, without failure, for a set length of time >Assembly consists of the door itself, frame, and the hardware used on the door and frame >Classification is stated in hours (or minutes) and some doors are also given a corresponding letter designation >Required rating of the door depends on the rating of the wall it is placed and the intended use of the wall >Most commercial ID only requires the use of a 20-min. door in a 1-hour rated exit access corridor or where a smoke and draft assembly is required >A 45-min rated door in a 1-hour occupancy separation >A 1-hour door in a 1-hour rated exit star enclosure >For multi-floor projects, a 1.5 hour rated door must be used in a 2-hour rated exit enclosure (stairway) >Some codes (i.e. IBC) require that a 20-min door be a tight fitting smoke and draft assembly, meaning that listed gasketing must be placed on both jambs and the head to prevent passage of smoke when door is closed

Float glass (annealed glass)

>Standard type of glass used in common windows and other applications where additional strength or other properties are not required >For interior use, for small openings or where safety glazing is not required

Coordination with Other construction componetns

>Demountable partition systems are only cost-effective if they are coordinated with other building components and systems, including lighting, HVAC, window mullions, and suspended ceiling system >Space plans should be laid out on building grid, which should also coincide with the ceiling grid >In this way, relocation of lights, HVAC diffusers and grilles, and sprinkler heads is minimized when partitions change >Slotted suspended ceiling grids should be used, which allow top track to be screwed into the grid, without damaging its appearance with the track is moved

Automatic door bottoms

>Devices that are mortised or surface applied to the bottom of the door to provide a sound or light seal >When the door is open, the seal is up; as the door is closed, a plunger strikes the jamb and forces the seal down against the floor

closers

>Devices that automatically return a door to its closed position after it is opened >Also control the distance a door can be opened and thereby protect the door and surrounding construction from damage >Can be surface mounted on either side of the door or in the head frame, or concealed in the frame or the door >Can be integral with pivots mounted in the floor or ceiling, either center hung or offset >Required for fire-rated doors

LK bead

>Edge trim for use with various thicknesses of wallboard in a kerfed jamb (One with a small slot cut in) >Requires finishing with joint compound

U bead / J metal edge trim

>Edge trim in which the edge of the metal is noticeable >Does not require finishing with joint compound

LC bead edge trim

>Edge trim requiring finishing with joint compound >Has back flange, so must be fitted over the edge of the wallboard before the wallboard is fastened to the substrate

L bead edge trim

>Edge trim without a back flange >Good for installation AFTER the wallboard has been installed >Requires finishing with joint compound

>polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film

>Fabricated by placing the polymer film between two pieces of glass >Transparency can range from transparent to cloudy white >in its translucent state, it offers total visual privacy but still allows a significant amount of light to pass through, so t cannot be used for exterior light control

Progressive partition system

>First panel must be placed before the second panel, which must be placed before the third panel, etc. >When partition is taken dow, reverse order must be followed >Have lower initial cost than non-progressive systems, but are much less flexible

Building code req for glass doors

>Glass doors cannot be fire rated, they cannot be used where a protected opening is required in a fire-rated partition >When they are allowed and serve as exit doors, the type of hardware used must conform to the requirements of the local building code >Some codes and local amendments are more restrictive than others, and most prohibit the use of a simple dead bolt in the bottom rail fitting >Instead, special panic hardware is available for glass doors that allows the door to be locked from the outside (and operated with card keys/key pads if necessary) but5 unlatched and opened from the inside in a single operation without any special knowledge or effort

wire-glass

>Has a mesh of wire embedded in the middle of the sheet >Surface can be either smooth or patterned >Primarily used in fire-rated assemblies if it's not in a hazardous location >Cannot be tempered and does not qualify as safety glazing for hazardous locations

Locksets

>Has a special mechanism that allows the door to be locked with a key or thumbturn

Depth of the stud depends on:

>Height of the partition, gauge of the stud, number of layers of wallboard, and spacing of the studs

Bypass sliding doors

>Hung from a top track, generally used for closets only

Pocket sliding door

>Hung on a top track; can be used when limited space

Intermediate pivots

>I keep tall doors from warping or to provide additional support for heavy doors

Mortise lock

>Installed in a rectangular area cut out of the door >Generally more secure than a cylindrical lock and offers a much wider variety of locking options

IBC on glazing

>Limits on amount and type of glass in 1 hour rated walls >requires that interior fire window assemblies be protected by 1/4" wire glass installed in steel frames or by approved fire resistance rated glazing >Maximum glazed area cannot exceed 25% of the length of the common wall with any room >Special fire-resistance glazing is not subject to this 25% limitation because it is tested as a wall assembly, not as an opening assembly

Patterned Glass

>Made by passing a sheet of molten glass through rollers on which the desired pattern is pressed, which may be on one or both sides >Vision through the panel is diffused but not totally obscured; the degree of diffusion depends on the type and depth of pattern

Hollow-core doors

>Made of one or three plies of veneer on each side of a cellular interior >Frame is solid wood with larger blocks of solid wood where the latching hardware is located -Used where only light use is expected and cost is a consideration >Have no fire-resistive capabilities >1 3/8" thick

Flush wood doors

>Made of thin, flat veneers laminated to various types of core >Either hollow or solid core >Standard widths: 2', 2'-4", 2'-6", 2'-8", 3'-0" >Standard heights: 6'-8", 7'-0" etc. >Frames: made from wood, steel (hollow metal) and aluminum >Wood frames available for use in 20, 30, 45min fire door assemblies, but a 1 hour door must be installed in a rated steel frame

Solid-core doors

>Made with a variety of core types depending on functional requirements of the door (Particle board, stave core [solid blocks of wood], or mineral core for fire rated doors >Use for fire-resistive properties, as acoustical barriers, security, durability >Available with fire ratings of 20/45/90minutes >Face veneers of wood doors are made from any available hardwood species using rotary-cut, plain-sliced, quarter sliced, rift-cut methods, wood paneling >Veneers of hardboard suitable for painting and plastic laminate are also available >1 3/4" thick

Glass block

>Manufactured as a hollow unit with a clear, textured, patterned face >Popular choice for interior use when a combination of light transmission, privacy, and security is required >Common nominal sizes: 6"x6", 8"x8", 12"x12", 4"x8" >Laid in stack bond (with joints aligned rather than staggered), with mortar and horizontal and vertical reinforcement in the joints >Because of coefficient of expansion of glass and possibility of deflection of the floor structure, expansion joints around perimeter of glass block walls must be provided >Modular concrete block and glass block are also available >Cannot be loadbearing, so individual panels are limited to 250sqft in any dimension (Each panel must be supported with suitable structure both horizontally and vertically and with expansion joints provided at the structural support points >Can be specifically tested for use in fire-rated openings and approved by local authority having jurisdiction

Concrete block

>Manufactured with cement, water, and various types of aggregates, including gravel, expanded shale/slate, expanded slag/pumice, or limestone cinders >Hollow, and size is based on a nominal 4" module with actual dimensions being 3/8" less than the nominal dimension to allow for mortar joints >Common sizes: 8"x8"x16" unit >Common nominal thicknesses: 4", 6", 8", 12"

Gypsum wallboard types and edge treatments

>Most common: tapered edges on the face side along the long dimension of the panel and square edges at the ends >Tapered edges allow for application of reinforcing tape and joint compound without causing bulges at the joints >Square-edge panels are used where appearance is not a factor, for base layers of two-layer applications, and for veneer laster work >Type X: for fire-rated partitions (1 hr rating) >Foil-backed for vapor barriers >Water-resistant for use behind tile and in other moderately moist conditions >Backing board for two-layer applications >Predecorated with vinyl wallcovering already applied >Recycled products

Gypsum wallboard applied by

>Nailing/Screwing to wood or metal framing OR with mastic when applying it to smooth, dry concrete or masonry walls or to a base layer of wallboard >Joints are finished by embedding paper/fiberglass tape in a special joint compound and allowing it to dry >Additional layers of joint compound are added and sanded after each application to give a smooth finished wall

Wood furring strips

>Nominal 1"x2" size

Accordion folding door

>Often used to divide spaces or close very wide openings

Latchsets

>Only holds the door in place, with no provision for locking >It has a beveled latch extending from the face of the door edge and automatically engages the strike mounted in the frame when the door is closed

Glazing

>Process of installing glass in framing as well as installing the framing itself

Tempered glass

>Produced by subjecting annealed glass to a special heat treatment >This glass is 4x stronger than annealed glass of the same thickness >Considered as safety glass, so it can be used in hazardous locations >If it breaks, it falls into thousands of very small pieces instead of dangerous shards >Commonly 1/4" thick >DIsadvantage: most be ordered to the exact size required for final installation, because once it is tempered, it can't be cut, drilled, or deeply etched >Tempering may produce slight distortions in the field of the glass, as well as near the tong marks for vertically tempered glass

Pivots

>Provide an alternative way to hang doors where the appearance of hinges is objectionable or where a frameless door design may make it impossible to use hinges >Pivots are used in pairs, with the bottom pivot mounted in/on the floor and a corresponding unit mounted in the head frame >They may be center hung or offset >Tall and heavy doors require offset pivots with one or more intermediate pivots

Tempered fire-protective glass

>Rated max. 30 minutes because it cannot pass the hose-stream test, but it does meet the impact safety standards of both ANSI X9.14 and 16 CFR 1201

GRG (Glass reinforced gypsum) / Fiberglass-reinforced gypsum (FRG) / Glass fiber reinforced gypsum (GFRG)

>Refers to a broad class of products manufactured from high-strength, high-density gypsum reinforced with continuous-filament glass fibers or chopped glass fiber >Used for decorative elements, i.e. column covers, arches, coffered ceilings, ornate mouldings, light troughs, and trim >Pre-manufactured products made by pouring GRG into moulds. After setting, the products are shipped to the job site for installation and final finishing >Can be finished with any kind of material that can be put on plaster or gypsum wallboard >Unlimited variety of shapes can be manufactured that would otherwise be too expensive or impossible to achieve with site-fabricated lath and plaster

Safety glazing

>Required in codes for hazardous locations >Hazardous locations: those subject to human impact, such as glass in doors, shower and bath enclosures, and certain locations in walls >Exact requirements of locations are given in the "Code of Federal Regualtions, 16 CFR 1201, Safety Standard for Architectural Glazing Materials" >Tempered/laminated glass is considered safety glazing >IBC allows glazing materials to comply with ANSI Z97 in all applications other than storm doors, entrance-exit doors, sliding patio doors, closet doors, or in doors and enclosures for hot tubs, bathtubs, saunas, whirlpools, and showers >NBC is a little less prescriptive: It requires tempered/laminated glass in doosr, shower enclosures, and glass sidelights greater than 500mm wide

Gypsum Level 3 finish

>Similar to level 2, except TWO coats of joint compound are used and the surface is free of tool marks and ridges >This level is used where the surface will receive heavy-or medium-textured finishes or where heavy-grade wall coverings are to be applied

Gypsum Level 4 finish

>Similar to level 3, except that THREE coats of joint compound are used >This level is used where light textures or wall-coverings will be applied or where economy is of concern >Gloss, semigloss, and enamel paints are NOT recommended over this level of finish

Gypsum Level 5 finish

>Similar to level 4, except that a thin skim coat of joint compound is applied over the ENTIRE surface >This level is used where gloss, semigloss, enamel, or non-textured flat paints are specified or where severe lighting conditions exist

Cylindrical lock

>Simple to install in holes drilled in the door, and it's relatively inexpensive >Can be purchased in grades of light duty (least expensive), standard duty, and heavy duty >It is the most common lock type for residential construction, but it is also used in commercial projects

Typical demountable partition construction

>The configuration and design of individual components varies with each manufacturer, but generally consists of four components: 1) floor runners 2) ceiling runners 3) stud sections with clips to hold panels 4) and prefinished gypsum wallboard panels Panels typically covered with vinyl wallcovering in a range of standard colors and patterns, although custom finishes are available >Panels usually 24" / 30" W, to work with common building planning modules of 4' or 5' >When partition is completed, there are small vertical joints between the panels, and the top track is visible as it overlaps the panels at the ceiling >A manufacturer's standard base trim snaps on at the floor line >Addition to basic components, it includes doorframes, glazing, bank rails, openings, a d similar common components >Some provide hanging shelves, and furniture components in slots between the panels >Bottom track can rest directly on structural floor or finished floor >Tracks are available with spikes extending bellow runner allowing to be installed over carpeting

Gypsum Level 1 finish

>This level requires joints and interior angles to have tape embedded in joint compound with the surface free of excess joint compound. >This level is used for plenums above ceilings and other areas not normally open to view

Gypsum Level 2 finish

>This level requires joints and interior angles to have tape embedded in joint compound, AND have one separate coat of compound applied over all joints, angles, fastener heads, and accessories >This level is used where water resistant backing board is employed as a substrate for tile and in other areas where appearance is not critical

Gypsum Level 0 finish

>This level requires no taping, finishing, or accessories

Preassembled lock

>This mechanism is in a rectangular box that fits within a notch cut in the edge of the door >Because of this, it is easier to install than a mortise lock

Building Code Requirements for Glazing

>Two primary interior glazing situations that are regulated by the codes are limitations on glass in fire-rated assemblies and safety glazing subject to human impact in hazardous locations

2 or 3 layers of tempered glass with a clear polymer gel between them

>Under normal conditions, glass is transparent >But when subjected to fire, the gel foams, and turns opaque, thus retarding the passage of heat >Product is available with 30 min, 60 min, and 90 min ratings, depending on the thickness and number of glass panes used >There are restrictions on max size of lites and type of permitted framing

Hat-shaped furring channels

>Used for ceiling framing and to fur out from concrete or masonry walls if the walls are uneven or if additional depth is needed for electrical outlets or insulation

Resilient channels

>Used to improve acoustical properties of a wall by isolating the wallboard from rigid attachment to the framing

Push plates and pull bars

>Used to operate a door that does not require automatic latching >Most commonly used on doors to toilet rooms and commercial kitchens

Vermiculite/perlite

>Used when a lightweight, fire-resistant plaster is needed

panic hardware

>Used where required by the building code for safe egress by a large number of people >Push bars extending across the width of the door operate vertical rods that disengage latches at the top and bottom >Vertical rods can be surface mounted or concealed in the door

>suspended particle device (SPD)

>Uses a proprietary system in which light-absorbing microscopic particles are dispersed within a liquid suspension film which is then sandwiched between two pieces of transparent condictive material >Appearance of product can range from clear to partially darkened to totally opaque >Can be used for privacy as well as for light control and energy conservation >Can also be variably controlled with a rheostat >Offer potential for significant energy savings in the range of 20-30%

Nonloadbearing concrete block partitions

>Usually specified for interior use to provide a strong, durable, fire-resistant partition >In institutional applications, such as schools/college dormitories, where heavy use is expected, concrete block may be a sensible choice

Astragals

>Vertical members used between double doors to seal the opening, act as a door stop, or provide extra security when the doors are closed >May be attached to one door leaf or may be a separate unit against which both doors close >If the doors are required exit doors and an astragal is attached to one of them, they must have a door coordinator >This decide that coordinates the closing sequence of the two doors so that they close completely, rather than having the leaf with the astragal close first and prevent the other leaf from closing

Aluminum frames:

>are available for 20min fire rated opening assemblies >Smoke gaskets, sometimes required by code, are also available

Latches and locksets

>devices to operate a door, hold it in the closed position, and lock it >Most common types are the cylindrical lock (sometimes called a bored lock), the mortise lock, and the unit lock (sometimes called a preassembled lock)

Smoke seals

>door seals for blocking the passage of light or sound are available in many configurations for jambs, heads, and thresholds >The compressible material used most often is neoprene >Double door seals can be used when a high level of sound isolation is needed >this type of construction is usually limited to sound studios, stages, and other occupancies where sound isolation is critical

shim

>flat pieces of wood that can be anywhere from 6 to 10 inches long and have a taper to them. One end of a wood shim is normally about 1/16th-inch thick while the other end is about 3/8th-inch thick. A shim is normally about 1 and 1/4-inch wide.

When doors must meet the requirements of positive-pressure fire testing, intumescent material must be used

>intusmescent material expands upon exposure to heat and forms a tight, fire-resistant seal agains the passage of smoke, gases, and heat >if intumescent gasketing is required, it cannot be used alone >Some type of elastomeric gasketing must also be used for protection bellow 149 degrees C before the intumescent material activates

Nonprogressive system

>panels are independent and can be removed or replaced individually

Hinges

>typical types: flat button, hospital, and oval head >Flat button tips are the most common and are furnished if not specified otherwise >Hospital: SLoped end to make cleaning easy, and to prevent attachment of ropes or cords in psychiatric wards and jails >Ball tips and steeple tips: decorator tips >Full mortise: is the most common hinge type and has both leaves fully mortised into the frame and the edge of the door so the hinge is flush with the surface of the frame and door >Raised barrel hinge: Used when there is not room for the barrel to extend past the door trim; the barrel is offset to allow one leaf to e mortised into the frame >Swing-clear hinges: allow door to swing 90 deg. to 90 deg. so the full opening of the doorway is available >Hinges available with or without ball bearings and in three weights: the door weight and frequency of use determine which type to use >Low frequency doors: residential doors (use standard-weight plain-bearing hinges >Commercial applications use standard-weight ball-bearing hinges >high-frequency applications (office building entrances etc.) require heavyweight ball-bearing hinges >Ball-bearing hinges required for fire-rated assemblies and on all doors with closers ># oh hinges depends on height of door >one pair equals two hinges >5'-0" doors: 1 pair >5' to 7'-6" doors: 3 hinges (1 and half) >7'-6" to 10' doors: four hinges (2 pairs)

door seals

>used along the edges of doors to provide tight seals against smoke, light, and sound >Types: neoprene, felt, polyurethane, vinyl

thresholds

>used where floor materials change at a door line, where a hard surface is required for an automatic door bottom, or where minor changes in floor level occur

Plaster

A finish material made from various types of cementing compounds, fine aggregate, and water >Applied over several kinds of base materials in one to three coats to form a smooth level surface >Describes various types of interior finish materials of this type, while stucco is an exterior type of plaster made with portland cement >Made from gypsum, lime, water, and aggregates of sand, vermiculite, or perlite >Most interior construction, gypsum plaster can be used

Abrasion

A wearing away or rubbing away by friction.

Clear ceramic, that has a higher impact resistance than does wire glass and a low expansion coefficient

Available with 1-hour rating in sizes up to 1295 square inches, and with a 3 hour rating in sizes up to 100 square inches. Although forms of ceramic glass do not meet safety glazing requirements, there are laminated assemblies that are rated up to 2 hours and are impact safety-rated

Types of finishes on gypsum wallboard have been standardized by ___ and published in____

Gypsum Association (GA) & GA-214 Recommended LEvels of Gypsum Board Finish

Paneled steel doors

Resemble wood-panel doors, are also available with insulated cores for residential use where energy conservation, durability, and a traditional appearance are required

Strike Jamb/Strike Side

Side of door where the door closes

Hinge jamb

The side of the door where the hinge or pivot is installed