CH.14

Sandra is currently struggling with an anxiety disorder. According to the diathesis-stress model, which of these could reasonably be Sandra's diathesis?

She experienced a traumatic accident as a child.

Carol's daughter Desiree has been disrupting her kindergarten class recently, and she is also struggling to stay on task when doing homework or chores. A school psychologist plans to assess Desiree for psychological disorders, first by sitting in on Desiree's class to conduct __________ and then by having Desiree perform specific cognitive tasks.

an observation

Researchers found that adults who had been diagnosed with this disorder during childhood had reduced metabolism in brain regions involved in the self-regulation of motor functions and attention.

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders are grouped together in the DSM-5 because they share this set of characteristics.

dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior

This disorder, which literally means "splitting of the mind," affects less than 1 percent of the population; people who are affected have trouble distinguishing whether their thoughts, perceptions, and experiences are real or imagined.

schizophrenia

The current version of the DSM uses this term to describe a group of disorders that are most common among children.

neurodevelopmental disorders

Stephanie struggles with false beliefs that she is under constant government surveillance. Which type of delusion is she experiencing?

persecution

What is the difference between a person who has been diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (APD) and a person who demonstrates psychopathic tendencies?

A person with psychopathic tendencies displays more extreme behaviors than a person with APD.

Laurie has major depressive disorder. According to psychologist Aaron Beck, negative thinking may contribute to Laurie's depression. Specifically, Laurie may think negatively about herself, her situation, and her

FUTURE

Not one, but both, of Daniel's parents have schizophrenia. What is the approximate lifetime risk that Daniel himself will develop the disorder?

50%

Which of the following scenarios does NOT describe someone with an anxiety disorder?

For the past week, Sly has been operating on very little sleep, although he is in a great mood. Just last night he went to the store and bought a new at-home theater and several new video games.

Peter is studying clinical psychology, and he has noticed that the diagnostic criteria for all of the major disorder categories require which of these to be true?

The thought, feeling, or behavior must interfere with at least one aspect of the person's life.

People with this personality disorder, like serial killer Ted Bundy, may not become anxious when subjected to aversive stimuli.

antisocial personality disorder

Maura has been a real handful for her 3rd grade teacher. She is constantly getting up out of her seat, even during quiet study time. She tends to blurt out answers without raising her hand, and does not pay attention to the lessons that are being presented. Based on this information, Maura will most likely be diagnosed with

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

This disorder, which was formerly called multiple personality disorder, is most common among women who report being severely abused as children, and according to some researchers, it may not exist at all.

dissociative identity disorder

On a regular basis, Minerva says that she can actually feel bugs crawling beneath her skin. She is certain that she feels the bugs, and intensely scratches the skin on her arm to get the bugs out. However, the reality is that there are no bugs under Minerva's skin at all. It is most likely that Minerva, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, was experiencing __________, a symptom of schizophrenia.

hallucination

Which of these children is most likely to have autism spectrum disorder?

Cliff seemed to be developing normally until about age 2, when he stopped making eye contact and responding to his name.

Grayson is a young child with autism. Which of these symptoms is he LEAST likely to demonstrate?

Grayson disrupts others by being overly talkative.

When applying the biopsychosocial approach to understanding a friend's eating disorder, which of these possible contributors is best categorized as a sociocultural factor?

Your friend is from a privileged background.

Jordan and his girlfriend had a bad breakup, but that was 6 months ago, and Jordan is still unable to pay attention in class. He has also stopped attending parties and often appears to have been crying. Which disorder might he have?

adjustment disorder

Devonte experiences a disorder that involves shifts from mildly elevated moods to extremely depressed moods. The elevated moods often last for several days, while the depressed states tend to last for 2 weeks or more. Which diagnosis is most appropriate for Devonte's symptoms?

bipolar II disorder

Since he was 3 years old, Milton has had a stutter. It has gotten worse as he's gotten older, and now at 8 years of age he is reluctant to talk in public. He feels embarrassed when he gets "stuck" on words, and this is impacting his ability to make friends in school. What type of neurodevelopmental disorder is Milton most likely experiencing?

communication disorder

Which approach to classifying mental illnesses focuses more on the degree to which a person is affected by symptoms rather than simply being labeled as "having" or "not having" a particular disorder?

dimensional approach

Larissa had absolutely no memory of violently beating her abusive husband with a baseball bat and leaving him for nearly dead. Psychologists diagnosed her with __________, and the courts found her not criminally responsible for her actions.

dissociative amnesia

Connor has schizophrenia and experiences perceptual disturbances that have no actual source. For example, he sometimes hears voices mocking him. What type of symptom is Connor experiencing?

hallucinations

Gabriella is very emotional and always seems to need to be the center of attention. When she goes to weddings she frequently gets drunk and flirts with all the men there (even those who are clearly married or with a date). At work events she always has to make a speech and disrupts others when they are talking. She has lost several friends and jobs over these drama-seeking behaviors. Based on this, Gabriella will most likely be diagnosed with __________ personality disorder.

histrionic

Under which of the following circumstances will a psychological problem most likely be considered a disorder?

if it disrupts a person's life and causes significant distress over a long period of time

Symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) include all but which of the following?

language disturbances

Louise has been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder that involves sudden and overwhelming attacks of terror and worry about having these attacks in the future. The attacks are very unpredictable, and they seem to be getting worse the longer the condition lasts. Based on this it is most likely that Louise is experiencing

panic disorder.

Marni has been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Which of the following is an example of a compulsion that Marni might have?

repeatedly washing her hands