ch.26
Chinese Civil War
*******China's anti-Japanese after the war, the communist party of China and the Chinese kuomintang (KMT) ruling of the government of the republic of China for the Chinese regime of civil war. March 1947 outbreak of war in 1949, the communist party of China controls the most areas of China, and established in Beijing People's Republic of China, the kuomintang and the government of the republic of China had to go back to Taiwan, Taipei, then both parties in Taiwan strait confrontation so far.
Douglas MacArthur
****strong anti-communist who was Truman's choice to lead the UN (united nations) forces in Korea. MacArthur was based in Japan where he headed the postwar occupation. He was a excellent military strategist who developed a bold plan to drive the invaders from South Korea. On April 11 Truman fired MacArthur for insubordination.
What was the purpose of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), who were the Hollywood Ten, and what is a blacklist
-The House Un-American Activities Committee investigates government and Hollywood looking for communists -are the screen writers, actors, ect who refuse to answer the questions: are you now, or have you ever been, a member of a communist party for comtempt of congress, served jail time of 6 months to 1 year black list: people who were believed to be subsersives(communists spies)
Why did the Soviet atomic threat and China becoming communist threaten the United States and our allies (the West)
-The Soviet atomic threat confirmed that the USSR was developing nuclear weapons, and was now a threat to the U.S. because any of our major cities could suffer the same fate as Hiroshima or Nagasaki. - Also China's becoming communist showed that communism was still spreading despite Truman's containment plan.
What is the United Nations
-The goal of the United Nations was to prevent future conflicts so that there would never be another World War -the forerunner of the UN was the League of Nations, and organization conceived in similar circumstances during the first world war and established in 1919 under the treaty of Versalles "to promote internation cooperation and to achieve peace and security" -The league of nations ceased its activities after failing to prevent the second world war
Soviet Atomic threat
-nuclear race between US and USSR--the US had a monopoly at first -USSR refused to stop working on nuclear technology -the US embarked on a massive nuclear arms testing, developing, and deployment program -will cause nuclear arms
McCarthyism
-previous Loyalty program under Truman was extended -1950-senator Joseph McCarthy launches anti-communists campaign -McCarthyism tactics: the innocent are over whelmed by accusations, smear tactics, guilt-by association, unprovable charges -attacks on nations hero sec. of state Marshall, also McCarthy attacked the US army (bad idea with Eisenhower as pres)
Israel
-the Jewish state of Israel is declared and the first mid-east war with its Arab neighbors begins(the US supports Israel) -Egypt nationlizes the suez canal, so France and england invade Egypt; eisenhower wins middle eat trust by pressuring English and french with drawl
How did disputes at the Yalta Conference demonstrate difficult relations between the Soviet Union and the U. S.
-to plan the post war -division of Europe -USSR was suppose to have "temporary" control over eastern Europe but they have it until 1989 -USSR communist (Eastern Europe) and the U.S. troops capitalist (Western Europe). -USSR seeks Eastern Europe buffer zones, but the US demands national self- determination and free elections throughout Europe; the USSR under Stalin makes sure elections are not "free" and only communists are permitted
ICBMs
Intercontinental ballistic missile;Long range rockets with nuclear missiles on the top -The two superpowers create intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) so a missile could be sent to the U.S.
HUAC
The House Un-American Activities Committee-investigates government and Hollywood looking for communists
Why did the Soviets want to spread communism around the world? List 8 European nations that turned communist
The Soviets wanted to spread communism to end Democracy and said that every country should be communist. -The eight nations that turned Communist include: Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,Hungary,Romania,Eastern germany,Finland and Yugoslavia.
Arms ace
The struggle to gain weapons superiority.
Alger Hiss was sent to prison for perjury (lying) about what? Why were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg executed?
They were both two major famous spy cases that caused a conspiracy with the US and USSR over seas. -Alger Hiss was a communist threat in the US. For spying while working in the state department After his conviction, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were accused/ executed of passing atomic secrets to the USSR during world war two.
Warsaw Pact
a military alliance with its satellite nations in Eastern Europe; satellite nations of USSR
what is the National Defense Educational Act
more $ for science and math education
U-2 incident
one of the U.S. spy planes is shot down over the Soviet Union and the pilot is put on trial as an American spy
What was the purpose of Truman's federal loyalty program, but what problems did it cause for those accused
purpose: to investigate all new employees hired by the federal government and the FBI checked its files for evidence of current government employees who might be engaged in suspicious activities. problems with accused: Those accused of disloyalty had little chance to defend themselves and rather being considered innocent until proven guilty, it was found that the accusation alone made it very difficult to clear their name
Why did the Soviets view satellite nations as important to their protection?
satellite nations: countries subject to Soviet domination on -on western borders of the Soviet Union (Eastern Europe) that would serve as a buffer zone against attacks
Permanent mobilization
stationing soldiers around the world, even when not at war; when the United States accepted demands of this, military establishment at home became more powerful as it developed links to the corporate and scientific communities.
Brinkmanship
term used by John Dulles to describe a policy of risking war in order to protect national intrests
Integration of the military
the bringing of different races together in the military. The Korean War was the first war where white Americans and African Americans served together in the same units.
Sputnik
the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth. Launched by the Soviets in 1957 -Russians launch Sputnik into space-- the first space satellite--The arms race becomes the "Space Race" · U.S. responds to Sputnik with the creation of the NASA space agency and the National Defense Education Act(more $ for science and math education)
Why did the Soviet Union form the Warsaw Pact and what nations belonged
why-The Soviets formed the Warsaw Pact in response to the formation of NATO by the US. nations-the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania
Korean War
· 1950--Communist North Korean forces invade U.S.-influenced South Korea · South Korea's defense becomes a U.N. effort, sends peacekeepers (mostly U.S. troops) under General Douglas MacArthur) · Attempt to unify Korea causes China to enter the conflict; · MacArthur fired by Truman for trying to expand the conflict into China (across the Yalu River) · U.S. is pushed back to South Korea, war becomes a stalemate after an armistice is declared - Result--massive American re-armament; Korea still divided today, North Korea is still Communist! [photo of Korean peninsula at night]
In Churchill's 1946 "Iron Curtain" speech, what was he referring to as being like an Iron Curtain
-churchill warned against an "iron curtain" desending upon Europe division between Communist and non-Communist(eastern and western Europe)
what is The Cold War at Home also known as and what is it
-fears of communists subversion(trying to over throw govt.) and Truman's "Loyalty Program" to remove any communists sympathizers from govt. jobs
