( CH.2)Fundamentals of nursing terms and NCLEX questions.

Which nursing actions reflect the use of philosophy as a knowledge base when delivering evidence-based care to patients?

A nurse draws from personal experiences of being a patient to establish a therapeutic relationship with a patient.

is often used to generate new knowledge about topics with little or no prior research.

Descriptive research

refers to information that the researcher collects from subjects in the study(expressed in numbers.)

Data

examines cause and effect relationships between variables under highly controlled conditions

Experimental research

has been used in a wide range of disciplines since it emerged in the 1920s. its primary theorist,ludwig von bertalanffy,developed the theory for universal application.This theory describe how to break whole things into parts and then to learn how the parts work together in "systems."

General systems theory

in which the reverse process is used when one builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions about general ideas.

Inductive reasoning

A charge nurse meets with staff to outline a plan to provide transcultural nursing care for patients in their health care facility.Which theorist promoted this type of caring as the central theme of nursing care,knowledge,and practice?

Madeline leininger

When you ask an experienced nurse why it is necessary to change the patient's bed every day,the nurse says, "I guess we have just always done it that way. " This answer is an example of what type of knowledge?

Traditional knowledge

the adjustment of living matter to other living things and to environmental conditions.

adaption theory

like ideas,are abstract impressive organized into symbols of reality.

concepts

A group of concepts that follows an understandable pattern.

conceptual framework or model

Which type of quantitative research, the researcher collects information to support a hypothesis.This information would be identified as:

data

in which one examines a general idea and then considers specific actions or ideas.

deductive reasoning

A nurse works in a pediatric practice assesses the developmental level of children of various ages to determine their psychosocial development. these assessments are based on the work of:

eric erikson

in nursing is a problem solving approach to making clinical decisions,using the best evidence available(considered "best" because it is collected from sources such as published research, national standards and guidelines,and reviews of targeted literature. )

evidence based practice (EBP)

A nursing theorist examines a hospital environment by studying each ward and how it works individually and then relating this information to the hospital as a whole working entity. this is an example of the use of what theory?

general systems theory

examines events of the past to increase understanding of the nursing profession today.

historic research

A nurse observes that the past five patients referred from a certain community clinic have been treated for drug and /or alcohol overdose. Based on this information,the nurse assumes that the clinic specializes in the treatment of substance abuse. ths is an example of what type of reasoning?

inductive reasoning

is the patient's right to agree knowledgeably,to participate in a study without coercion,or to refuse to participate without jeopardizing the care he or she will receive.

informed concent

is the discovery of how people describe their own reality and how their beliefs are related to their actions in a social scene.

methodology

A student nurse interacting with patients on a cardiac unit recognizes the four concepts in nursing theory that determine nursing practice. Of these four,which is most important ?

person

(both a philosophy and a research method) is to describe experiences as they are lived by the subjects being studied.

phenomenology

A nurse researcher is studying female patients who have survived breast cancer. the nurse asks each patient to describe her experience and then analyzes the data for the meaning of the experience within each person's own reality.This nurse has used what type of qualitative research method?

phenomenology

is the study of wisdom,fundamental knowledge, and the processes used to develop and construct one's perceptions of life.

philosophy

is a series of actions,changes,or functions intended to bring about a desired result.

process

is observing,identifying,describing,investigating, and explaining events and occurrences that are preceived in the world.

science

A nurse providing care for patients has a personal philisophy that nursing interventions should be instituted for patients when they demonstrate ineffective adaptive responses. This nurse's philosophy is based on the theory of:

sister callista roy

is composed of a group of concepts that describe a pattern of reality.

theory

is something that varies and has diffrent values that can be measured.

variable

examines the type and degree of relationships between two or more variables

Correlational research

outlines the process of growth and development of humans as orderly and predictable,beginning with conception and ending with death.

Developmental theory

Which method of qualitative research was developed by the discipline of antropology?

Ethnographic research

was developed by the discipline of anthropology and is used to examine issues of culture of interest to nursing.

Ethnographic research

A nurse is formulating a clinical question in PICO format.What does the letter P represent?

Explict descriptions of the population of interest

is developed to describe nursing.

Nursing theory

AACN PEARL

PEARL -an acronym for practice, evidence,application,resources,and leadership -is an online collection of evidence based tools and resources that simplify the process of sharing critical learning with peers,staff nurses, and hospital leadership.

P =patient poplulation, I=intervention, C=comparison, O= outcome,

PICO

A nurse manager schedules a clinic for the staff to address common nursing interventions used in the facility and to explore how they can performed more efficiently and effectively.when is the term for this type of theory affecting change in clinical nursing practice?

Prescriptive theory

is a method of research conducted to gain insight by discovering meanings.

Qualitative research

involves the concepts of basic and applied research.

Quantitive research

Which type of quantitative research is often conducted to examine the effects of nursing interventions on patient outcomes?

Quasi-experiment research

is often conducted in clinical settings to examine the effects of nursing interventions on patient outcomes.

Quasi-experimental research

A nurse is using general systems theory to describe the role of nursing to provide health promotion and patient teaching.

The whole system is always greater than its parts. Boundaries separate systems from each other and their environments. To survive,open systems maintain balance through feedback.