ch.32

if a situation allows a child should be transported in a carseat if he or she weighs less than

40 pounds

Febrile seizures are MOST common in children between:

6 months and 6 years

school-age vitals

6-12 years resp: 15-20 pulse rate: 70-120

The normal respiratory rate for a newborn should not exceed ____ breaths per minute.

60

BP of 1-10 year olds

70 + (2 x age) = systole

infant vitals

1 month-1 year resp: 25-50 pulse rate: 100-160

toddler vitals

1-3 years resp: 20-30 pulse rate: 90-150

A child may begin to show signs of stranger anxiety as early as

12 months

adolescent vitals

12-18 years resp: 12-20 pulse rate: 60-100

Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT)

15-30 sec visual assessment appearance, work of breathing, circulation of skin forms general impression

An infant's fontanels should close completely by the time he or she is

18 months

After squeezing the end of a child's finger or toe for a few seconds, blood should return to the area within:

2 seconds

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate dose of activated charcoal for a 20-kg child?

20 g

preschool vitals

3-6 years resp: 20-25 pulse rate: 80-140

Which of the following statements regarding use of the pneumatic antishock garment (PASG) in children is MOST correct?

They are rarely used in treating children with traumatic shock.

Which of the following statements regarding preschool-age children is correct?

They can usually identify painful areas when questioned

The EMT should be MOST concerned when a child presents with fever and:

a rash

When caring for a child with suspected meningitis, it is MOST important for the EMT-B to

adhere to BSI precautions

You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes:

administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother.

a normal LOC in an infant or child is characterized by

age appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact

Submersion injuries in the adolescent age group are MOST commonly associated with

alcohol

During the attempted resuscitation of an infant with suspected SIDS

allow the family to observe if they wish

The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to:

allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child.

The primary mechanism that a child's body uses to compensate for decreased perfusion is

an increase in heart rate

Which of the following children would benefit the LEAST from a nonrebreathing mask?

an unresponsive 5-year-old male with shallow respirations

components of the PAT are

appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation

Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler:

at the feet

When caring for an ill 5-year-old male, you should

avoid separating him from his parents or caregivers when possible.

An 8-year-old female with a history of asthma continues to experience severe respiratory distress despite being given multiple doses of her prescribed albuterol by her mother. She is conscious, but clearly restless. Her heart rate is 130 beats/min and her respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min. She is receiving high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. You should:

be prepared to assist her ventilations, transport at once, and request an ALS intercept en route to the hospital

Pale skin in a child indicates that the

blood vessels near the skin are constricted.

The MOST ominous sign of impending cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is:

bradycardia

Hyperthermia differs from fever in that it is an increase in body temperature

caused by inability of the body to cool itself

Children with Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis) would MOST likely present with

cherry-red spots or a purplish rash

which of the following is least suggestive of child abuse

consistantcing in the method of injury reported by the caregiver

Apparent Life-Threatening Event (ALTE)

cyanosis apnea distinct change in muscle tone choking or gagging

A 13-year-old child is on a home ventilator. The parents called because the ventilator is malfunctioning. You should

discontinue the ventilator and ventilate with a BVM device

Before assessing the respiratory adequacy of an unconscious infant or child, you must:

ensure that the airway is patent and clear of obstructions.

Burns in children are commonly caused by all of the following, EXCEPT:

entrapment in a structural fire

when assessing the heart rate of a 6 month old infant you should palpate the brachial pulse or the

femoraL pulse

With regard to the legal implications of child abuse

EMT-Bs must report all suspected cases of child abuse

Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct?

Most cases of SIDS occur in infants younger than 6 months

Which of the following is MORE common in children than in adults following a head injury?

Nausea and vomiting

Greenstick fractures occur in infants and children because:

their bones bend more easily than an adult's.

which of the following statements regaurding the use of nasopharyngeal airways in children is correct?

they are rarely used in infants younger than 1 year of age

When assessing or treating an adolescent patient, it is important to remember that

they usually do not wish to be observed during a procedure

When caring for an infant who was found apneic and cyanotic and was resuscitated by the parent or caregiver, you should

transport the infant to the hospital.

The signs and symptoms of poisoning in children:

vary widely, depending on the child's age and weight

The MOST common cause of dehydration in children is

vomiting and diarrhea.

signs of upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the following except

wheezing

When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence?

why did your child ingest the poison?

Immediate transport is indicated for a child when he or she:

has a history suggestive of a serious illness

When caring for a female child who has possibly been sexually abused, you should

have a female EMT-B accompany her if possible.

When a child experiences a blunt injury to the abdomen:

he or she can compensate for blood loss better than adults

all of the following are normal findings in an infant or child except

head bobbing

Causes of infant death that may be mistaken for SIDS include all of the following, EXCEPT:

hyperglycemia

Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT

hyperglycemia

Compared to an adult, the diaphragm dictates the amount of air that a child inspires because the

intercostal muscles are not well developed.

Death caused by shaken baby syndrome is usually the result of

intracranial bleeding

The secondary assessment of a sick or injured child:

may not be possible if the child's condition is critical

A 4-year-old female ingested an unknown quantity of liquid drain cleaner. Your assessment reveals that she is conscious and alert, is breathing adequately, and has skin burns around her mouth. You should:

monitor her airway and give oxygen

The first month of life after birth is MOST appropriately referred to as the

neonatal period

Critical burns in children include:

partial-thickness burns covering more than 20% of the body surface

After using the PAT to form your general impression of a sick or injured child, you should:

perform a hands-on assessment of the ABCs.

A child who has no recent history of illness suddenly appears cyanotic and cannot speak after playing with a small toy. You should:

perform abdominal thrusts

before positioning an infant or childs airway you should

place him/her on a firm surface

When administering oxygen to a frightened child, it would be MOST appropriate to:

place oxygen tubing through a hole in a paper cup.

Compared to adults, the liver and spleen of pediatric patients are more prone to injury and bleeding because they are

proportionately larger and situated more anteriorly.

JumpSTART triage

pt younger than 8 and less than 100 lbs Green: minor/ able to walk (except infants) Yellow: delayed trt; spontaneous breathing, radial pulse present, responsive to painful stimuli Red: immediate trt; resp less than 15 or greater than 45, apnea responsive to position and rescue breathing, resp failure, breathing w/o pulse, inappropriate painful response Black: deceased; apneic w/o pulse, apneic and unresponsive to rescue breaths

Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor of SIDS?

putting a baby to sleep on his or her back

Drawing in of the muscles between the ribs or of the sternum during inspiration is called

retracting

Common complications associated with central intravenous (IV) lines include all of the following, EXCEPT:

rupture of a central vein

Because a tracheostomy tube bypasses the nose and mouth

secretions can build up in and around the tube

When immobilizing an injured child in a pediatric immobilization device, you should

secure the torso before the head

Bruising to the _______ is LEAST suggestive of child abuse.

shins

A tube from the brain to the abdomen that drains excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is called a

shunt

When a child is struck by a car, the area of the greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the

size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact

Signs of severe dehydration in an infant include all of the following, EXCEPT:

slowed level of activity.

You are dispatched to a local elementary school for an injured child. As you approach the child, you note that he is lying at the base of the monkey bars. He is not moving and does not appear to be conscious or breathing. You should:

stabilize his head and open his airway.

If a nasopharyngeal airway is too long, it may:

stimulate the vagus nerve

If a nasopharyngeal airway is too long, it may

stimulate the vagus nerve.

Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT:

sunken fiontanels

When assessing an 8-year old child, you should

talk to the child not just the caregiver

The pediatric patient should be removed from his or her car seat and secured to an appropriate spinal immobilization device if:

the car seat is visibly damaged

When a child experiences a blunt chest injury

the flexible ribs can be compressed without breaking

newborn vitals

0-1 month resp: 30-60 pulse rate: 100-160

signs of shock in kids

AMS tachycardia poor cap refill

Which of the following should make you MOST suspicious for child abuse?

Bruises in various stages of healing

Which of the following statements regarding pediatric trauma is correct?

Children are more likely to experience diving-related injuries

Which of the following statements regarding a pediatric patient's anatomy is correct?

Children have a larger, rounder occiput compared to adults

CHILD ABUSE

Consistency of injury with child's age History inconsistent with injury Inappropriate parental concern Lack of supervision Delay in seeking care Affect Bruises of varying ages Unusual injury patterns Suspicious circumstances Environment clues

Which of the following factors is associated with the lowest risk of meningitis?

Female gender

Which of the following statements regarding spinal injuries in pediatric patients is correct?

If the cervical spine is injured, it is most likely to be an injury to the ligaments because of rapid movement of the head