ch3rev

A group of students are wandering around a room. When their teacher claps, the students sit down wherever they are. This situation best models the formation of which type of solid? A an amorphous solid because the particles do not have a regular structure B an amorphous solid because the motion of the particles stopped C a crystalline solid because the moving particles lock into fixed positions D a crystalline solid because the particles have a long-range order

A

A perfume bottle is dropped in the corner of a room. The odor of the perfume can be detected on the other side of the room. Which statement best describes this observation? A Particles are moving from regions of high concentration to low concentration. B Particles are moving from regions of low concentration to high concentration. C Particles are moving through a small opening into a smaller volume. D Particles are moving through a small opening into a larger volume.

A

A student performs the following experiment. Step 1: She pours a colorless solution into a beaker that contains another colorless liquid. Yellow particles appear in the liquid. Step 2: She lets the yellow particles settle in the beaker and then separates the colorless liquid by decantation. What has most likely occurred in the beaker? A a chemical change in step 1 and a physical change in step 2 B a physical change in step 1 and a chemical change in step 2 C chemical changes in both step 1 and step 2 D physical changes in both step 1 and step 2

A

The particles of a gas inside a balloon are experiencing an increase in their average kinetic energy and the number of collisions with the wall of the balloon. What is the most likely outcome? A higher gas pressure inside the balloon B higher air pressure outside the balloon C a decrease in gas temperature inside the balloon D a large increase in air temperature outside the balloon

A

Water is initially present in a state where its molecules are far apart. During a change of state, its molecules slow down. Which change of state has most likely taken place? A from a gas to a liquid B from a liquid to a gas C from a solid to a liquid D from a gas to a plasma

A

Which device involves the use of plasma in technology? A arc welder B diesel engine C incandescent lightbul D battery-operated flashlight

A

Which example involves a phase change in which heat energy is released by the substance? A freezing ice cream B cooking a pot of soup C melting ice under sunlight D watching frost disappear into air

A

Which statement describes an intensive property of matter? A It is the same for every sample of a single substance. B It depends on how a substance was formed. C It is the same for every sample of every substance. D It depends on the amount of substance present.

A

A student is using a copper strip and a strong chlorine solution in her experiment. Which of these is a chemical property of one of her materials? A density of the copper strip B reactivity of the copper strip C odor of the chlorine solution D color of the chlorine solution

B

Bromine gas in a container is heated over a flame. What happens to the average kinetic energy of the bromine particles? A It decreases rapidly. B It increases quickly. C It remains the same. D It decreases slowly.

B

Carla makes a small cardboard boat and floats it in a tub of water. When she adds a drop of dish soap behind the boat, the boat moves forward. A The soap increased the viscosity of the water behind the boat, allowing the water in front of the boat to flow more easily. B The soap reduced the surface tension behind the boat, causing both water molecules and the boat to be pulled forward. C The soap increased the kinetic energy of the water molecules behind the boat, causing both the molecules and the boat to move forward. D The soap formed an immiscible layer on the water, causing the soap to spread out and push the boat forward.

B

How does the motion of particles in the sun's plasma compare to the motion of particles in a solid? A Particles in both the plasma and a solid move around to fill available space. B Particles in the plasma move randomly, but particles in a solid vibrate in one place. C Particles in the plasma have low kinetic energy, but particles in a solid have high kinetic energy. D Particles in both the plasma and a solid are made up of fast-moving electrons and cations.

B

Water's molar mass is 18.01 g/mol. The molar mass of glycerol is 92.09 g/mol. At 25°C, glycerol is more viscous than water. Which substance has the stronger intermolecular attraction? A glycerol because it has a larger molar mass B glycerol because it is more viscous and has a larger molar mass C water because it has a lower molar mass D water because it is less viscous and has a lower molar mass

B

Which change of state involves a release of energy? A boiling B condensation C melting D sublimation

B

Which statement best describes the collisions of gas particles according to the kinetic-molecular theory? A When particles pass close enough to one another, their attractions pull them together, and then they bounce apart with no gain or loss of energy. B As particles travel in straight lines, their paths sometimes meet, and then they bounce apart with no gain or loss of energy. C When particles pass close enough to one another, their attractions pull them together, and then they bounce apart with a loss of energy. D As particles travel in straight lines, their paths sometimes meet, and then they bounce apart with a loss of energy.

B

A solid substance turns into a liquid. Which best describes this change? A A substance that has a specific volume changes to a substance that has a specific shape. B A substance that has a specific volume changes to a substance that has a different volume. C A substance that has a specific shape and volume changes to a substance that has a specific volume. D A substance that has a specific volume changes to a substance that has a specific shape and volume.

C

Which best explains why a crystal is incompressible? A Its molecules remain in position without vibrating. B The molecules of a crystal behave like those of a gas. C There is little, if any, space left between its adjacent molecules. D Its molecules switch positions when they are compressed.

C

Which statement best describes the compressibility of a gas? A Increasing the temperature of a gas decreases the pressure B Increasing the temperature of a gas increases the pressure. C Increasing the pressure on a gas decreases the volume. D Increasing the pressure on a gas increases the volume.

C

which arrow represents the transition in which dew is formed A 1 B 2 C 4 D 6

C

A substance is tested in a lab. It is found to maintain a unique shape and is a good conductor of electricity. If it is made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons, what state of matter is this substance most likely to be? A gas B liquid C plasma D solid

D

Melting can be best described as a process in which molecules A lose kinetic energy and move slowly. B lose kinetic energy and remain stationary. C gain kinetic energy and escape into the atmosphere. D gain enough kinetic energy to get past each other.

D

What happens as a result of the kinetic energy of the particles in a liquid being comparable with the intermolecular attractions between the particles? A The particles do not move enough to change positions, so the liquid is not compressible. B The particles move enough that they separate from one another and take the shape of their container. C The particles do not move enough, so they are fixed in place, and the liquid has a fixed volume. D The particles move enough that they are not fixed in place, and the liquid can flow.

D

Which of these is an example of a physical change? A a banana ripening in the air B hydrogen burning in the air C zinc reacting with an acid D liquid water turning into vapor

D

Which term refers to a property that depends only on the amount of a substance? A flammability B extensive C intensive D reactivity

E

Which sequence represents the relationship between temperature and volume as explained by the kinetic-molecular theory?

higher tem>>more kenetic energy>>>more space between particles